The Impact of The Three-Dimensional Cultivation Model on the Development of the Suzhou Tea Industry:Estimating Value of Output Per Acre and Diversified Sales Models

This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introduces the history and traditional cultivation practices of tea in Suzhou,as well as the current challenges and problems faced by the industry.An in-depth analysis was conducted on the overview and improvement plans of the three-dimensional cultivation mode,covering relevant technical methods.Based on this analysis,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation on the value of output per acre was studied and predicted.Its potential and advantages were explored and compared with the effectiveness of traditional cultivation models.Additionally,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on sales was analyzed,examining its market adaptability and competitiveness,as well as its advantages in expanding sales channels and market coverage.The study also focused on the promoting effect of diversified sales models on the Suzhou tea industry,including direct consumption market development,tea processing product development and promotion,and the integration of tea culture and the tourism industry.To ensure sustainable development,the article evaluates the environmental impact,economic feasibility,social benefits,and farmer benefits of the three-dimensional cultivation model.Finally,the prospects for the development of the Suzhou tea industry were discussed,and the positioning and response strategies of the threedimensional cultivation model were proposed.

Mathematical Model for Application of Simulated Tikuanyin Tea Residues on Wool Dyeing Process

The central composition experimental design of multiva-riate Response Surface Method was used to formulate mathematical models aiming to predict (1) the optimum dyeing conditions of simulated waste Tikuanyin tea for wool fabric and (2) the optimum extraction conditions of a natural mordant originated from common waste eggshell. The pre - mordanting eggshell was applied to wool fabric before dyeing with simulated waste Tikuanyin tea under the optimum dyeing conditions. After mordanting the wool fabric with extracted natural eggshell solution, the prominent effect of increment in dye uptake and improvement of the properties of light fastness, washing fastness and rubbing fastness were evaluated.

Anti-Obesity, Anti-Atherosclerotic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Pu-Erh Tea on a High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rat Model

Pu-erh tea, a traditional Chinese beverage, has been believed to have many benefits to human health and without side effects. In this study, we systematically analyzed the main active components of Pu-erh tea and investigated its anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-oxidant effects using an obese rat model. Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and subsequently the experimental obese mice were fed with high-fat diet supplemented with low (2.5%), medium (5%) or high (7.5%) doses of Pu-erh tea powder for 6 weeks respectively. As result, the body weight gain of the rats was decreased by medium and high doses of Pu-erh tea treatments. Furthermore, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and atherosclerosis index (AI) were significantly lowered by Pu-erh tea compared to the control group. Conversely, high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) level of the rats was significantly elevated by Pu-erh tea treatments. In addition, Pu-erh tea treatments increased the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), whereas reduced the level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in obese rats. Collectively, our find-ings revealed that Pu-erh tea exerts comprehensive benefits in anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-oxidant effects, therefore can be used as a promising functional food in obesity management.

Chemopreventive Effects of Black Tea Polyphenols in Mouse Skin Model of Carcinogenesis

In the present investigations, the antitumorigenic effect of black tea polyphenols (BTP) in twcrstage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis was studied. The animals were initiated with a single 'subcarcinogenic' topical dose (52 μg/200 μl acetone ) of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). To evaluate the anti-tumour initiating activity, BTP was topically applied twice a week for three weeks prior to DMBA application, followed by topical treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (5 μg/200 μl acetone, 2x/wk. ) as promoter. For evaluation of antitumor promoting activity, BTP was applied prior to each treatment of TPA. BTP application showed marked inhibitory effect as antitumour initiator as well as antitumour promoter in mouse skin medel of two-stage carcinogenesis. Since initiation involves genetic pathway and tumour promotion involves epigenetic pathway, it seems that BTP exerts its antitumorigenic effect by altering both genetic and epigenetic pathways

Antifi brotic effects of green tea on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis

AIM: To examine the protective effect of green tea extract (GT) on hepatic fi brosis in vitro and in vivo in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rats.METHODS: HSC-T6, a rat hepatic stellate cell line, was used as an in vitro assay system. Cell proliferation, collagen content, and type 1 collagen expression were examined in activated HSC-T6 cells. Collagen was determined by estimating the hydroxyproline content. In rats with DMN-induced hepatic fi brosis, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, liver hydroxyproline and lipid peroxides were determined. Pathologic changes were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining.RESULTS: GT administration prevented the development of hepatic fibrosis in the rat model of DMN-induced liver fi brosis. These results were confi rmed both by liver histology and by quantitative measurement of hepatic hydroxyproline content, a marker of liver collagen deposition. Accordingly, inhibition of proliferation, reduced collagen deposition, and type 1 collagen expression were observed in activated HSC-T6 cells following GT treatment. These results imply that GT reduced the proliferation of activated HSC and down regulated the collagen content and expression of collagen type 1, thereby ameliorating hepatic fibrosis.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that greentea administration can effectively improve liver fibrosis caused by DMN, and may be used as a therapeutic option and preventive measure against hepatic f ibrosis.

Reengineering Model of Supply Chain of Tea Industry in Yunnan

Yunnan University of finance and Trade recording to t he statistics of chain’s output of tea, Yunnan province has entered the ranks of the larger ones of the production in China. Yunnan’s tea industry has the natur al resources and the economic effects envied, on the orther hand, Yunnan’s tea m arket has gradually become less and the economic effects have been poor. Through our comprehensive investigation and study, we consider that because the supply chain has seriously been disjointed among production, supply and sale of tea ind ustry in Yunnan, the supply chain of Yunnan’s tea industry need to be reorganize d for the promoting the development of Yunnan’s tea industry. The essence of reengineering of Yunnan’s tea industrial supply chain is to set u p the model of the trailed operation,to strengthen the strategic partnership man agement between the supply chain, to optimize the design of the supply chain and build up and improve the working mechanism for management of the tea industrial supply chain. The structure of Yunnan’s model of tea industrial supply chain: the model of com mercial flow; the model of logistics flow; the model of information flow and the model of cash flow. The solutions and policies for the reorganization of Yunnan’s tea industrial sup ply chain: planning, logistics and distribution and sales. Set up the supporting system of information technology. Build up the control system of production and planning.Improve the working mechanism of Yunnan’s tea industrial supply chain. Implement the engineering of exporting Yunnan’s tea into the markets of other p rovinces and foreign markets. Have many the channels that raise the funds of dev elopment for Yunnan’s tea industry.

Green Tea Is a Poor Contributor to Tissue Folate in a Folate Depletion-Repletion Rat Model

Green tea contains folate and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), which is suggested to be an antifolate. In this study, we examined whether green tea was a good source of folate in a folate depletion/repletion rat model. Rats fed a folate deficient diet for 4 weeks were supplied with folate for 7 days, and then folate repletion effects were evaluated in terms of increase in total folate level in plasma, liver, and bone marrow and decrease in plasma homocysteine level. In this model, the folic acid treatment effect was observed to be dose-dependent and an appropriate dose of folic acid was 40 μg/kg/day or greater. Based on this finding, green tea as well as spinach, chicken liver, and folic acid as a reference were applied to this model. Increase in tissue folate level in response to the food samples varied among tissues, with bone marrow showing the smallest response. Increase in tissue folate level was in the order of spinach > chicken liver > green tea, which produced only a slight increase in tissue folate level and further diminished bone marrow folate level. EGCg administered by intragastric gavage at an approximate dose of 8 mg/kg did not attenuate the increase in tissue folate level when repletion was performed with folic acid. These results suggested that green tea is a poor source of food folate, but EGCg in green tea at a low dose has little effect on folic acid absorption.

利用HYSPLIT模型分析茶园假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞扩散行为

【目的】明确假眼小绿叶蝉[Empoasca vitis (G?the)]迁飞扩散行为特征,揭示影响其种群迁飞扩散的关键因素。【方法】利用系留气球悬挂诱虫黄板诱捕不同朝向、不同高度假眼小绿叶蝉,通过HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型和气象数据,分析模拟假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞扩散行为。通过田间虫口调查,结合种群密度与扩散系数分析,明确推动假眼小绿叶蝉种群分布转化的驱动因素。【结果】假眼小绿叶蝉最高飞行高度为8 m,2~8 m高度内,随高度增加,假眼小绿叶蝉数量逐步下降。HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型分析结果表明,假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞轨迹只与迁飞时间有关,高度对其迁飞轨迹与直线扩散距离没有影响。此外,HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型分析结果还表明,假眼小绿叶蝉24 h直线迁飞距离为35.70~178.10 km。种群密度与扩散系数分析表明,假眼小绿叶蝉有聚集分布和随机分布两种分布型,迁飞和扩散是导致两种分布型转化的重要因素。【结论】借助气流,假眼小绿叶蝉可以实现区域性的迁飞。在种群密度驱动下,假眼小绿叶蝉种群分布存在聚集分布和随机分布的转化,也促使假眼小绿叶蝉种群发生田间扩散和区域性迁飞。因此,假眼小绿叶蝉的防控应以主要防治区为中心,向外扩展200 km的范围内开展统防统治。

气候变化适应性行为对茶农收入的影响——基于福建312份农户调查数据

为探究农户适应性行为及其对农业产出的影响效应,基于福建省6个县市19个乡镇312户茶农的微观调研数据,采取倾向得分匹配模型,实证分析气候变化适应性行为对茶农收入的影响.研究表明:①面对气候变化及其影响,58.65%的茶农会采取应对措施,41.35%的茶农未采取任何措施.②控制适应性行为内生性后,相较于未采取组茶农而言,采取组茶农茶叶收入水平平均提高了29.01%.基于收入依赖与经营规模的异质性分析,发现相较于全样本而言,收入完全依赖组和经营大规模组茶农具有更高的平均效应值(ATT)值,且不同组间适应性行为对茶农茶叶收入的作用效果从大到小依次为收入完全依赖、大规模、全样本.

名优茶连续式理条机参数优化设计与试验

针对传统茶叶理条做形装备主要依靠经验法设计,存在做形质量不佳的问题,该研究运用数值法对连续式茶叶理条机结构与作业参数进行优化,以改善连续式理条机的理条作业性能。通过对连续式理条机进行运动学分析,得到锅槽速度、加速度表达式,并探究锅槽运动与茶叶理条状态之间的关系;通过研究茶叶在连续式理条机锅槽内的运动规律和受力情况,建立茶叶-正U形槽动力学模型,分析了茶叶在锅槽运动周期内各阶段的受力特点及对茶叶成形的作用;运用EDEM软件建立茶叶理条仿真模型,对影响茶叶成形的曲柄转速、锅槽振幅、锅槽倾角、凸棱个数和凸棱高度等关键设计参数进行仿真模拟,得到上述因素作用下茶叶颗粒的平均速度、平均受力与做形时间的关系曲线,并以仿真结果为依据设计三因素三水平正交试验,以成条率、碎茶率为评价指标,利用Design-Expert软件进行数据处理与回归分析,并对优化结果进行验证试验。仿真结果表明:曲柄转速、锅槽振幅和凸棱个数等对理条质量影响较大,茶叶纵向占比率随理条时间增加而升高,促使茶叶主茎脉轴线方向受力形成条状外形;以曲柄转速为195 r/min、锅槽振幅为99 mm、凸棱个数为2的最优参数组合进行验证,成条率为87.39%,碎茶率为1.85%,与优化结果基本一致。研究结果可为连续式茶叶理条机优化设计提供理论参考。

基于虚拟增强现实交互技术的茶疗养生文旅产业研究

以茶疗养生为主题,以虚拟增强现实交互(augmented reality,AR)技术为科技手段和技术优势,通过创新驱动发展实现茶疗养生文旅场景设计应用的新突破。在现实场景下,用户可使用具备AR功能的各种智能设备,通过识别物理空间中的标识物触发AR应用,从而实现茶疗养生信息及时推送,实现现实场景与虚拟信息之间的交互,从而达到信息补充连贯及情景增强效果,使用户构建起茶疗养生的整体观念。通过解析茶疗养生文旅产业的研发思路,丰富茶疗养生信息体系的承载维度,探索实现茶疗养生文旅产业迭代的新途径。

TEA络合铁法脱硫的研究

开发了以ＴＥＡ为Ｆｅ￣（３＋）的络合剂和脱硫吸收剂，以柠檬酸作为Ｆｅ￣（２＋）的络合剂的二元络合体系。研究了脱硫剂的选定，模拟试验，副反应和对有机硫（ＣＯＳ）的吸收及腐蚀挂片试验等。研究证明，脱硫剂具有脱硫效率好，硫容量高，副反应小，溶液稳定，成本低，腐蚀性小等优点。

响应面法优化高品质茶叶木炭烘焙参数

【目的】优化茶叶的木炭烘焙工艺,为高品质茶叶木炭烘焙提供理论参考依据,为茶叶烘焙智能化提供基础。【方法】利用模糊数学矩阵分析原理,以模糊感官综合评价分作为响应值,烘焙温度、摊平厚度、烘焙时间为自变量,设立三因素三水平试验组合,拟合线性回归模型,通过响应面法对茶叶木炭烘焙工艺进行优化,并通过实际烘焙试验进行验证;测量茶叶主要香气成分含量、主要生化成分含量,分析试验工艺对茶叶品质的影响,进一步验证二次回归模型的可靠性。【结果】结合实际修整后的最佳组合参数:烘焙温度为82℃、摊平厚度为3 cm、烘焙时间为126 min;茶叶主要香气成分有反-橙花叔醇、法尼烯、植物醇、吲哚,其含量多少与香气等级相符;主要生化成分有茶多酚、可溶性糖、氨基酸、咖啡碱,其含量多少与汤色、滋味等级相符,感官评价结果与评价体系相吻合。【结论】建立的高品质茶叶木炭烘焙工艺的感官评价标准合理,感官评价模型可靠性强,试验结果能够真实地反映木炭烘焙最佳工艺。

茯砖茶感官特征分析及其产地判别模型构建研究

为客观准确地评价不同产地茯砖茶感官特征品质,结合感官审评、化学组分检测、化学计量学等研究茯砖茶感官品质特征及不同产地茯砖茶判别模型构建。结果表明:湖南、浙江、陕西等19个茯砖茶因原料物质基础的不同其感官品质有非常明显的差异。其中,茯砖茶滋味得分(taste score, TS)与咖啡碱(caffeine, CAF)、水浸出物(water leachate, WL)、儿茶素(catechin, CAT)和表儿茶素(epicatechin, EC)呈现出显著相关性,其相关系数(P<0.05)分别为0.81、0.62、0.55、0.50。同时,基于化学组分的主成分(PCA)表明,前4个主成分的累计方差贡献率为79.48%,并以前4个主成分的线性回归方程和贡献率构建了茯砖茶感官品质综合评价模型与产地判别模型。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLA-DA)显示,19个不同产地的茯砖茶样品被明显地划分为3组,评价模型对不同产地茯砖茶识别度较高。采用交叉验证法对模型进行验证,模型对自变量的拟合指数(R~2X)为0.879,对因变量的拟合指数(R~2Y)为0.992,预测指数(Q^(2))为0.53。经OPLS-DA共识别出6种预测变量重要性投影(VIP)值大于1的差异指标,其中茶多酚(tea polyphenols, TPP)、可溶性糖(soluble sugar, SS)、CAF、WL为茯砖茶感官特征标志性差异品质成分。结果表明,应用感官审评、化学组分检测、化学计量学等方法可以实现茯砖茶感官特征及其不同产地茯砖茶的快速、准确判别,同时也为茯砖茶感官特征及其不同产地判别提供一种新的参考方法。

具有同空间特性的双频可调谐TEA CO2激光器研究

根据光腔的菲涅耳衍射积分方程,建立了具有同空间特性的双波长可调谐TEA CO2激光器输出光场的理论模型;对光栅位置固定不变改变所选支线和固定所选支线改变光栅的有效使用面积两种情况下的输出光场进行了数值计算。

DMT:A model detecting multispecies of tea buds in multi-seasons

In China,tea products made from fresh leaves characterized by one leaf with one bud(1L1B)are classified as“Famous Tea”,which has better taste and higher economic value,but suffers from a labor shortage.Aiming at picking automation,existing studies focus on visual detection of 1L1B,but algorithm validation is limited to a specific variety of tea sprouting in a certain harvest season at a certain location,which limits the engineering application of developed tea picking robots working in various natural tea fields.To address this gap,a deep learning model DMT(detecting multispecies of tea)based on YOLOX-S was proposed in this paper.The DMT network takes YOLOX-S as a baseline and adds ECA-Net to the CSP Darknet and FPN of YOLOX-S.The average precision(AP),precision,and recall of DMT are 94.23%,93.39%,and 88.02%,respectively,for detecting 1L1B sprouting in spring;93.92%,93.56%,and 87.88%,respectively,for detecting 1L1Bsprouting in autumn.These experimental results are better than those of the five current object detection models.After fine-tuning the DMT network with another dataset composed of multiple tea varieties,the DMT network can detect 1L1B for different varieties of tea in multiple picking seasons.The results can promote the engineering application of picking automation of fresh tea leaves.

基于TOPSIS熵权法的湖南省茶产业综合竞争力评价及对比研究

分析了湖南省茶产业的发展现状,基于钻石模型理论从六大要素构建湖南省茶产业竞争力评价指标体系,并运用熵权TOPSIS模型对湖南省茶产业竞争力进行评价与对比,利用聚类分析法对全国16个省市的茶产业竞争力进行实证分析,并有针对性地提出提升湖南省茶产业竞争力的对策及建议。

冰片茶多酚纳米乳对AD模型小鼠Aβ、BACE-1表达和认知功能的影响

目的探讨冰片茶多酚纳米乳对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠脑和视网膜内β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、β-分泌酶-1(BACE-1)表达及学习认知功能的影响。方法取昆明小鼠36只,随机分为空白对照组、AD对照组、茶多酚干预组、高/中/低(H/M/L组)浓度冰片茶多酚纳米乳干预组。经三氯化铝(AlCl3)联合D-半乳糖构建AD模型,不同浓度(H/M/L组)冰片茶多酚灌胃干预后,Morris水迷宫检测小鼠认知功能,取脑和视网膜组织石蜡包埋后,进行免疫组化检测Aβ、BACE-1表达。结果水迷宫检测后,与空白对照组相比,AD对照组、茶多酚干预组、各浓度冰片茶多酚纳米乳干预组小鼠逃避潜伏期长,跨越平台次数短,除冰片茶多酚纳米乳中剂量组外,均P<0.05。与空白对照组相比,AD对照组小鼠脑和视网膜内Aβ、BACE-1阳性产物表达增多,均P<0.05。与AD对照组相比,茶多酚和不同浓度冰片茶多酚纳米乳组小鼠脑和视网膜内Aβ、BACE-1阳性产物表达均减少,其中中剂量冰片茶多酚干预组与AD对照组比较P<0.05。结论冰片茶多酚纳米乳能有效改善AD模型小鼠认知功能障碍,抑制脑和视网膜内Aβ、BACE-1表达,为茶多酚用于AD治疗研究提供实验依据。

农药最大残留限量标准差异对我国茶叶出口RCEP成员国的贸易效率影响研究——基于随机前沿引力模型

目前,茶叶外贸面临着来自技术性贸易壁垒的挑战,以农药最大残留限量(MRLs)标准差异为切入点,构建异质性贸易指数(HIT)量化各国农药MRLs的具体差异,利用随机前沿引力模型研究农药MRLs标准差异对我国茶叶出口区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)国家的贸易效率的影响。结果表明,中国与RCEP成员国的农药MRLs标准存在差异,但总体呈缩小的趋势。中国与RCEP成员国的农药MRLs标准的负面差异会导致中国出口茶叶的贸易效率降低;抑制作用路径表现为显著降低了茶叶出口额和出口单价。我国应进一步完善农药MRLs标准体系,使之与国际标准接轨,推动RCEP区域内国家间的标准互认,减小贸易壁垒的不利影响。

基于正交试验与模糊综合评价优化“薄荷茶咖”配方研究

以白芽奇兰乌龙茶、咖啡、牛奶为原料添加适量的薄荷糖浆,配制“薄荷茶咖”饮品。通过正交试验和模糊综合评价方法优化其配方,结果表明在茶水比例1∶30、咖啡与水的比例1∶15为常量的情况下,“薄荷茶咖”优化最佳配方为牛奶∶薄荷糖浆∶茶汤∶咖啡=40∶6∶32∶15。模糊综合评价可以将主观评价标准作定量分析,对饮品配方进行综合感官评判;多因素多水平的正交试验设计可以高效、快速、经济地解释各因素对饮品风味的影响。文章所建立的研究模型和评价方法有望为调饮茶产品的设计与配方优化提供借鉴。