Survey on Fertility of Tea Garden Soil in Meizhou Region

Survey on fertility of tea garden soil in Meizhou region indicates that tea garden soil has strong acidity; organic matter content remains at medium level; there is a severe lack of available content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K); available calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) content is also insufficient; available sulfur(S) is abundant. In the management of tea cultivation,it is recommended to supplement organic fertilizer,balance the application of NPK fertilizer,and adequately alleviate shortage of Ca and Mg element,to guarantee high and stable yield of tea.

Distribution of Aluminum and Fluoride in Tea Plant and Soil of Tea Garden in Central and Southwest China

The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter (OM), Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe-Mn oxide>Alorganic>Alwater-soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm.The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant (r=0.8763, p<0.01, n=36). There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant (r=0.7029, p<0.01, n=34). The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.

Effects of Different Farming Methods and Their Effects on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Guilin Maojian Tea Gardens

In order to further optimize the cultivation and agronomic technology of Guilin Maojian tea gardens, the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods and their effects on the physiochemical properties of tea garden soil were studied through the modification of the test sites with the non-farming land as the control. The results showed that human farming, mini-tiller farming and crawler tractor farming could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. After farming, the soil had good water retention but low moisture content compared to the control group, while the soil bulk density and hardness value were significantly lower than those of the control, and the porosity of soil was significantly higher than that of contrast. With the passage of time, soil bulk density and hardness value gradually increased after farming, while the porosity of soil decreased gradually. There were great differences in the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods. Crawler tractor had the best and most stable farming effect, and the operation efficiency was 10 times that of human farming while the cost was only 0.39 times of human farming. Therefore, it was feasible to adopt mini-tiller or crawler tractor to carry out mechanical farming of Guilin Maojian tea garden, which provided theoretical references for the soil property improvement using mechanical farming and was favorable for promoting the popularization of farming machines and the acceleration of mechanization of tea gardens. But for tea plantations that are intended to be mechanized, apart from the mechanical and technical personnel to be configured in place, the site conditions, planting modes and mechanical way reservation of tea garden should be planned accordingly. It is recommended to select flat or gentle slope for reclamation, and preference is given to non-sexual tea tree varieties with big line spacing over 180 cm long. Moreover, the main road construction should be more than 3.0 m, and trunk road 2.0 m or above. And isolation ditch and drain should be set between the tea garden and the surrounding mountain forests and farmland.

Effects of Tannic Acid on Active Aluminum Species Distribution in Various Tea Soils

Effects of tannic acid on active aluminum species distribution in different pH tea soils in Yunnan and Jiangxi tea gardens were studied by field observation and laboratory analysis.There were 4 species of active aluminum in the tea soil,i.e.,exchangeable aluminum Al3 +,unimer hydroxyl aluminum Al(OH)2 +Al(OH)+2,acid-soluble aluminum Al(OH)03and humic-acid aluminum Al-HA.Experimental results showed that tannic acid at levels 0 ~0.4 mmol/kg and 0 ~ 2.0 mmol/kg,with the rising of soil pH value,the content of exchangeable aluminum decreased significantly,hydroxyl aluminum,acid-soluble aluminum and humic-acid aluminum were increased gently.When the concentration of tannic acid increased to above 2.0 mmol/kg,the inhibition of higher concentration of tannic acid on content of active aluminum was strengthened with the rising of soil pH value and variation law of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer was similar to 0 ~ 20cm soil layer.Generally speaking,the content of active aluminum in upper layer of soil were more than subsoil and total content of active aluminum in Yunnan tea soils were higher than Jiangxi tea soils.The correlation analysis showed that the soil pH were positively correlated with hydroxyl aluminum,humic-acid aluminum,pHBC(r = 0.796,0.960,0.852;p < 0.01,0.01,0.01) in 0 ~ 20cm soil layer.pHBC were significant negative correlated with exchangeable aluminum(r =- 904,p < 0.01),hydroxyl aluminum(r =- 645,p < 0.05),and with humic-acid aluminum have a positive correlation,correlation coefficient was0.795(P < 0.05).Meanwhile,the tannic acid addition concentration were 0 ~ 0.4 mmol/kg soils pH were increased significantly,while samples attains a peak pH value afterwards decrease continuously,the relationship between the pH and the concentration of tannic acids accords with the equation:Y pH=- 0.04C DN+3.82(R2= 0.95,P < 0.01).When the concentration of tannic acid up to about 8.0 ~ 12.0 mmol/kg,soil pH keep unchanged.Therefore,we can clearly draw that effects of tannic acid on active aluminum content of the inflection point is not the same in different region of tea garden soil.Low concentration tannic acid can improve the soil content of various forms of aluminum,but with the increase in the amount of tannic acid,the various forms of aluminum content are inhibited.With the soil pH increased,high concentrations tannic acid on the inhibition of the release of active aluminum increased.pH and tannic acid on the total amount of active aluminum garden soil was mutual weakening effect relationship.

有机种植方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的影响

土壤过度酸化是影响茶产业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,为了解有机管理方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的长期影响,以常规茶园为对照,研究了我国18个省份84个产茶县有机管理1~21 a对茶园土壤pH的影响。结果表明,有机茶园比常规茶园土壤pH平均高0.36,达极显著水平;随着有机管理年份的增加,茶园土壤pH总体为先显著上升、后显著下降并维持相对平稳,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的pH比常规茶园分别高0.48、0.23、0.28和0.30,均达显著或极显著水平;有机管理方式还有利于土壤pH向最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展,pH 4.5~5.5的茶园占比,常规茶园为41.9%,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的茶园分别为53.1%、48.9%、58.7%和66.7%,总体随有机管理年限的增加而增加。可见,有机管理方式能防止茶园土壤严重酸化,使土壤pH向着最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展。

施用不同调理剂对酸化茶园土壤化学性质及茶叶品质的影响

针对茶园土壤酸化问题,利用不同配方调理剂对其进行土壤改良。采用田间微区试验的方法,以种植英红九号年限分别为2年(幼龄)和8年(成龄)茶园为研究对象,设置4个不同处理:不施调理剂(CK)、调理剂Ⅰ(生物炭,T1)、调理剂Ⅱ(生物炭+石灰,T2)及调理剂Ⅲ(生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥,T3),施用量为20 t·hm^(-2)。通过2年定位试验,研究3种调理剂对茶园土壤的主要化学性质及茶叶品质的影响。土壤分析表明,与对照组相比,2年的试验周期中,2种茶园的土壤pH均呈现先升后降的趋势,试验4个月后施用调理剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的幼龄茶园土壤pH值分别升高了0.11、0.20和0.22个单位,成龄茶园pH值分别升高了0.15、0.16和0.38个单位,但经过16个月后pH值又会逐渐下降。幼龄茶园土壤有效磷和速效钾含量均有显著升高,而成龄茶园只有速效钾含量显著升高。茶叶品质分析表明,与CK相比,试验4个月后幼龄茶园调理剂处理组茶叶的水浸出物含量分别显著增加6.66%、6.30%和6.80%。施用调理剂可以改善茶园酸性土壤,增加土壤肥力和茶叶内含物质含量。

接种蚯蚓对有机茶园土壤结构及有机碳库的影响

为探讨接种蚯蚓对有机茶园土壤团聚体、孔隙分布及有机碳库的影响,设置375条/m^(2),250条/m^(2),125条/m^(2)三种蚯蚓投放密度,将威廉腔环蚓接种于信阳有机茶园土壤中。结果表明:接种蚯蚓能显著提升>2mm大团聚体的比例而降低<0.25mm粒径的微团聚体的比例;提高水稳性小团聚体(0.25mm≤d≤2mm)比例,但对水稳性大团聚体d>2mm的影响不显著;高密度蚯蚓处理平均重量直径(MWD),平均几何直径(NWD)以及分型维数(D),团聚体破坏率(PAD)显著高于其他密度处理及对照(CK)。接种蚯蚓使得结构性孔隙(土壤颗粒间和团聚体间孔隙)所占比重增加,其中以团聚体间孔隙增加最为显著,其次为颗粒间孔隙,对由粘粒及矿物层间形成的毛管孔隙分布无显著影响;随着接种密度的增加,颗粒间孔隙度变化不显著而团聚体间孔隙度的相对值和绝对值均显著增加。添加蚯蚓能显著增加土壤活性有机库总量。接种密度的增加对活性有机碳库总量影响不大,但对土壤呼吸速率提升较多,故从温室气体排放角度考虑低接种密度更合适。可见,有机茶园中少量接种蚯蚓即能达到改良土壤结构的效果,并能缓解由于采茶造成的土壤压实问题。

基于Meta分析的2000—2022年中国茶园土壤重金属污染风险评价与来源分析

重金属污染是影响茶园生态环境和茶叶产品安全的重要因素之一。针对我国主要茶产区(湖北、湖南、福建、云南、贵州、四川等省份),搜集调查茶园土壤重金属Cu、Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Ni污染的相关文献,使用Meta分析方法计算单个研究的权重,从而获得各省份及全国茶园土壤重金属浓度的加权平均值,采用潜在生态风险指数法和地质积累指数法进行生态风险评估,并通过APCS-MLR模型进行来源分析。结果表明,与背景值相比,8种重金属均有一定程度的富集,其中Hg、Cd污染较为严重,Hg中度及以上风险主要分布在贵州、陕西、四川和安徽等内陆省份,Cd中度及以上风险主要分布于广东、福建、浙江、江苏、山东、海南等沿海省份,两种重金属主要表现为轻微至中度风险。与世界其他国家相比,发展中国家的茶园或农业用地重金属含量普遍较高,Cd、Hg是污染程度较为严重的元素。来源分析结果表明,第一、第二、第三、第四主成分分别为自然源、工业活动污染源、交通废气污染源、农业活动污染源,工农业活动是主要污染因素,Hg主要来自工业活动,Cd主要来自农业活动。

有机种植对茶园土壤微生物群落组成与多样性的影响

为揭示有机种植对土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的影响,以云南省勐腊县3座代表性古茶山(蛮砖、易武、攸乐)的古茶园、现代茶园、橡胶园、荒地4种类型土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq PE300高通量测序技术测定其细菌和真菌群落结构,分析有机种植及种植年限对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构特征与多样性的影响。结果表明,有机种植可促进土壤有机质积累和氮磷钾养分含量提高。3座茶山土壤细菌共有运算分类单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目为381个,其中,易武荒地特有OTU最多(293个),蛮砖橡胶园特有OTU最少(28个);而真菌共有OTU数目仅为24个,蛮砖古茶园特有OTU最多(337个),易武现代茶园特有OTU最少(55个)。细菌的Shannon多样性指数达5.88~6.62,明显高于真菌的2.71~4.30。茶园土壤优势细菌和真菌门与非茶园土壤基本相似,但酸微菌目(Acidimicrobiales)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、Varibacter属、黄色杆菌科(Xanthobacteraceae)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)、Bryobacter属、Acidibacter属、浮霉菌科(Planctomycetaceae)等在不同茶山和土地利用方式间的相对丰度差异显著;与荒地和橡胶园相比,茶园土壤真菌群落的毛壳菌科(Chaetomiaceae)、青霉菌属(Penicillium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)、伞菌目(Agaricales)和散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes)等的相对丰度较高。细菌群落丰度指数Chao1与土壤全氮和全磷呈显著正相关,3座茶山的细菌群落组成较真菌群落更为稳定。除个别茶园土壤外,有机种植下土壤细菌丰度随年限增加而上升,真菌丰度随年限增加先降低后升高,现代茶园和古茶园细菌与真菌的多样性水平则随种植年限增加而下降。

有机和常规管理对茶园土壤固碳的影响——以林地为对照

为探究有机和常规管理方式对茶园土壤有机碳的影响,选择云南省普洱市思茅区常规管理茶园、有机管理茶园和附近自然林地3种典型土地利用类型,通过测定0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、非活性有机碳(NLOC)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)和矿物结合态有机碳(MOC)含量,计算土壤各组分有机碳的分配比例以及土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI),研究3种土地利用方式下土壤有机碳各组分含量和质量的变化特征。结果显示:1)常规管理茶园的SOC含量和储量分别比自然林地低48.67%~51.94%和27.25%~35.71%(P<0.05),而有机管理茶园的SOC含量和储量比常规管理茶园分别高52.09%~62.86%、15.54%~20.26%(P<0.05)。2)常规管理茶园的EOC、NLOC、POC和MOC含量均低于自然林地(P<0.05),而有机管理茶园的EOC、NLOC、POC和MOC含量比常规管理茶园分别高出46.39%~57.89%、54.24%~66.15%、80.87%~121.01%和40.07%~46.28%(P<0.05)。3)与自然林地相比,常规管理茶园的POC/SOC、NLOC/SOC较低,有机管理茶园的POC/SOC、NLOC/SOC则高于常规管理茶园。4)常规管理茶园具有较高的CPAI和较低的CPMI,常规管理茶园的CPMI比自然林地低24.53%~46.12%,有机管理茶园的CPMI比常规管理茶园高67.88%~100.33%,其差异均显著(P<0.05)。以上研究结果表明,与自然林地相比,常规管理的茶园土壤有机碳含量和土壤碳库质量下降,存在一定程度的土地退化,而有机管理是提高茶园土壤碳库质量的有效措施。

林芝市茶园土壤肥力综合评价

为全面了解林芝市茶园土壤的肥力水平,本研究在波密县、察隅县、墨脱县、易贡茶场、察隅农场和鲁朗景区管理委员会6个茶叶主产区,从茶园及其附近农田、荒地取土91份,选取土壤有机质、pH值、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、有效钼、有效硫、有效硅和水溶性盐总量15个评价指标,以农田土壤为对照,综合评价林芝市茶园土壤肥力。结果表明:茶园土壤有机质高于附近农田土壤,茶园土壤pH值低于附近农田土壤,茶园全氮、有效磷、速效钾等土壤养分与附近农田土壤整体差异不大。茶园科学合理管理可在一定程度上提高土壤的保肥能力和缓冲性能,但长期种植茶叶会造成土壤酸化,降低土壤某些养分的有效性。

炭基肥对老茶园土壤有机碳矿化温度敏感性的影响

采取室内恒温培养法,以施用炭基肥(BF)、不施炭基肥(CK)的40a茶园土壤为研究对象,设定15℃、25℃和35℃共3种不同温度场景,连续监测土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)矿化特征并分析有机碳矿化温度敏感性,为评估老茶园固碳减排及障碍消减提供参考。结果表明:(1)炭基肥提升了温变场景下茶园土壤pH值和SOC含量。15℃、25℃和35℃培养温度下,BF处理的土壤pH值较CK处理分别增加0.45、0.07和0.28个单位;BF处理的SOC含量较CK处理分别提高22.19%、16.65%和25.50%。(2)炭基肥增加了温变场景下茶园SOC累计矿化量、潜在矿化势(C_(S))及土壤呼吸强度,对SOC矿化呈现正激发效应。15℃、25℃和35℃培养温度下,BF处理的SOC累计矿化量较CK处理分别提高15.61%、46.51%和36.89%。BF处理的C_(S)值随温度升高呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势,25℃培养温度下BF处理的C_(S)值较15℃和35℃培养温度下分别提高147.11%和29.21%。(3)炭基肥降低温度升高处理下茶园SOC矿化温度敏感性。25~35℃温度范围内,BF处理的Q_(10)(土壤有机碳矿化温度敏感性)值较CK处理降低6.25%;BF处理在25~35℃温度范围内Q_(10)值较15~25℃温度范围内的Q_(10)值降低25%。说明施用炭基肥可有效改良40a茶园土壤理化性质,增加土壤固碳,并提升茶园土壤碳库应对温度变化的稳定性,炭基肥利于优化低产老龄茶园可持续生产管理。

杭州余杭径山茶园土壤养分状况及肥力质量评价

深入了解余杭区茶园土壤养分状况与肥力水平,可为该区径山茶园土壤改良、精准施肥以及优质径山茶叶生产提供科学依据。本研究对余杭区径山茶园面积集中的7个镇街进行实地调查和布点采样,采集并分析了36个样点径山茶园土壤,检测6个肥力指标,既土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,并采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型,通过计算土壤肥力综合指数(IFI),对余杭区土壤养分状况进行数值化综合评价。结果表明:余杭径山茶园土壤有酸化趋势;茶园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量整体丰富,平均值均达到I级优质标准;91.7%的径山茶园土壤肥力综合指数IFI达到I级优质标准,8.3%达到II级标准,余杭径山茶园土壤适宜种植径山茶树。

栽培管理措施对幼龄茶园生境的影响

研究4种栽培管理措施(间作周年绿肥、可降解除草布覆盖处理、不可降解除草布覆盖处理、常规管理)对幼龄茶园杂草生长密度、高度和生物量以及茶园土壤物理性状和养分含量等的影响。结果表明,杂草防控方面,除草布覆盖处理防控效果最佳,不同季节杂草几乎无生长;间作周年绿肥处理不同季节杂草平均株高、生物量和发生密度均小于对照处理,尤其是杂草生长旺盛的夏季,平均株高、生物量、发生密度分别只有对照的53.12%、10.00%、30.90%;土壤物理性状方面,间作周年绿肥处理土壤含水量较高,比常规管理高9.29%~11.24%,土壤容重低而孔隙度大,2020、2021年变化趋势一致;土壤养分方面,土壤pH和全氮、全磷、全钾各处理间变化不大,但间作周年绿肥处理土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量较高。幼龄茶园宜采用间作周年绿肥的方式,既可以改良茶园土壤理化性状,还能有效抑制杂草的生长,为幼龄茶苗生长提供健康的生态环境。

茶园土壤重金属污染特征及迁移行为研究进展

茶园土壤重金属污染是近年来备受关注的环境问题之一。随着茶叶产业的快速发展,土壤中的重金属污染成为制约茶叶质量和农产品安全的重要因素。茶植物作为一种喜酸性植物,对土壤中重金属的吸收具有一定的选择性,而这种选择性会影响茶叶中重金属的含量。对茶园土壤中重金属的迁移、转化行为进行研究,有助于制定科学合理的土壤管理措施,减轻重金属对生态环境和人体健康的潜在影响。茶园土壤中重金属的迁移转化受多种因素影响,包括土壤因素、植物因素、环境因素和农业管理等。仍然存在一些亟待解决的问题。未来的研究可以深入探讨研究土壤-茶树系统中的微观机制、系统性阐明降雨和灌溉等因素导致的水体传播机制、辨明茶叶品质与茶园土壤中重金属含量之间的关联关系,为茶叶产业的可持续发展提供更为科学的支持。

茶园土壤板结成因及改良措施研究进展

茶树的生长习性决定了我国茶园大部分处在丘陵山区并且区域内降雨量较大,雨水对地表的冲刷作用强,容易发生水土流失,土壤自然沉降加上不合理的耕作、施肥方式以及人为踩踏和机械压实的作用导致茶园土壤板结现象日益严重。土壤板结引起的茶园土壤退化导致茶叶品质下降、茶叶产量降低、茶园土壤理化性质变差、茶园生态系统阈值减小以及茶园管理和施肥成本升高,这些问题一直困扰着我国茶产业的发展。解决茶园土壤板结问题的主要措施有合理的耕作措施、搭配科学的施肥用量、增施有机肥、使用土壤改良剂、茶树绿肥套种、秸秆覆盖还田等。

茶园阴坡和阳坡土壤微生物群落结构与土壤理化因子的关系

采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术探究茶园阴坡和阳坡土壤细菌、真菌群落结构特点,并开展土壤理化因子对土壤细菌、真菌群落结构的影响分析。结果表明,茶园阴坡土壤细菌和真菌分类操作单元数量均高于阳坡。在门分类水平上,阴坡土壤中相对丰度最高的细菌门为酸杆菌门,阳坡为变形菌门,而阴坡和阳坡土壤中相对丰度最高的真菌门均为子囊菌门,相对丰度均超过55.00%;在目分类水平上,茶园阴坡和阳坡土壤相对丰度最高的细菌、真菌均不同。物种多样性分析结果显示,阴坡和阳坡茶园土壤间细菌和真菌物种多样性和物种相对丰度均无显著差异。阴坡和阳坡富集的细菌不同,而富集的真菌较为相似。冗余分析结果显示,细菌受土壤因子的影响大于真菌,且土壤速效磷含量是影响土壤细菌和真菌群落最主要的环境因子。

Soil Microbial Community Structure in Diverse Land Use Systems:A Comparative Study Using Biolog,DGGE,and PLFA Analyses

Biolog,16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) ,and phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) analyses were used to assess soil microbial community characteristics in a chronosequence of tea garden systems(8-,50-,and 90-year-old tea gardens) ,an adjacent wasteland,and a 90-year-old forest. Biolog analysis showed that the average well color development(AWCD) of all carbon sources and the functional diversity based on the Shannon index decreased(P < 0.05) in the following order:wasteland > forest > tea garden. For the DGGE analysis,the genetic diversity based on the Shannon index was significantly lower in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland. However,compared to the 90-year-old forest,the tea garden soils showed significantly higher genetic diversity. PLFA analysis showed that the ratio of Gram positive bacteria to Gram negative bacteria was significantly higher in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland,and the highest value was found in the 90-year-old forest. Both the fungal PLFA and the ratio of fungi to bacteria were significantly higher in the three tea garden soils than in the wasteland and forest,indicating that fungal PLFA was significantly affected by land-use change. Based on cluster analysis of the soil microbial community structure,all three analytical methods showed that land-use change had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure than tea garden age.

茶园间作绿肥对土壤微生物群落代谢功能差异的影响

采用Biolog-ECO技术研究间作绿肥对茶园土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明茶园间作绿肥处理的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)高于对照(未间作绿肥处理),土壤微生物利用的碳源主要是羧酸类、氨基酸类和聚合物类化合物,间作处理对聚合物的利用强度显著高于对照。土壤微生物群落的PCA分析表明,间作绿肥处理和对照在主成分坐标体系中差异明显,间作绿肥处理集中在第一主成分正方向,而对照则集中在第一主成分负方向,表明两种处理土壤微生物存在一定的代谢差异性,茶园间作绿肥有利于土壤微生物群落结构的改善。

不同施肥措施对重庆茶园土壤微生物学特性的影响

为探讨长期不同施肥措施对茶园土壤微生物学特性的影响,通过定位施肥试验,于春茶、夏茶、秋茶和冬管期,采集施用菌渣、生物炭+复合肥、有机肥、生物炭有机肥和复合肥(对照)为基肥,脲甲醛缓释肥为追肥的茶园土壤,研究不同施肥措施对重庆茶园土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量和β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-纤维二糖苷酶(CBH)、蔗糖酶(INV)和脲酶(URE)4种碳氮转化酶活性的影响。结果表明:土壤MBC、MBN含量和酶活性均随茶叶不同生长期表现出明显的动态变化,与对照相比,有机肥配施缓释肥显著提高了春茶期土壤MBC含量,提高幅度为50.34%;生物炭有机肥配施缓释肥处理显著提高了春茶期和夏茶期土壤MBN含量,提高幅度分别为61.16%和25.27%;菌渣配施缓释肥对春茶期BG、URE活性提升效果最佳,较对照提升幅度分别为45.56%、44.32%,而CBH活性受到抑制,不同施肥措施INV活性在茶叶不同生长期均受到抑制。通径分析表明,土壤有效磷、NO_(3)^(-)-N直接影响土壤MBC、MBN含量,同时土壤可溶性有机氮还直接影响土壤BG活性,土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N则直接影响土壤CBH、URE和INV活性。因此,重庆地区茶园追肥施用脲甲醛缓释肥时,基肥选用商品有机肥或菌渣有利于提升土壤MBC、MBN含量,并维持相关转化酶活性。