China is a big producer and consumer of tea. A huge amount of tea waste is produced in China every year, resulting in environmental pollution and enormous natural resources waste. From the perspective of utilization w...China is a big producer and consumer of tea. A huge amount of tea waste is produced in China every year, resulting in environmental pollution and enormous natural resources waste. From the perspective of utilization way, this pa- per summarized the research progresses in tea waste as a raw material for ex- tracting active ingredients and preparing absorbent, activated carbon, bio-organic fer- tilizer, animal feed and nutrients for edible fungi cultivation. In addition, the develop- ment trend of comprehensive utilization of tea waste was prospected. It is found that the comprehensive utilization of tea waste using a variety of techniques can im- prove the utilization efficiency of tea waste and reduce production costs. Finally, a simple and practical comprehensive utilization program was proposed to provide a reference for practical application.展开更多
Bound phenolic compounds from the residue of Apocynum venetum(A.venetum)tea were released by alkaline digestion with sonication,followed by extraction using ethyl acetate(EtOAc).The fragment ions of compounds in free ...Bound phenolic compounds from the residue of Apocynum venetum(A.venetum)tea were released by alkaline digestion with sonication,followed by extraction using ethyl acetate(EtOAc).The fragment ions of compounds in free and bound forms were identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)in both positive and negative modes.Further investigation of chemical constituents in the EtOAc extract led to the isolation of eleven individual compounds,and their chemical structures were identified as(−)-epicatechin(1),(−)-loliolide(2),(−)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),alloside of benzyl alcohol(4),3-[(6-O-hexopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate(5),apocynoside I(6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8),[1-acetyloxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]hexadecanoate(9),1-stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol(10),and 3-hexene-l-O-β-D-glucoside(11)using a series of spectroscopic methods.Compounds 2–5 and 9–11 were isolated for the first time from A.venetum,while antioxidant experiments showed that compounds 1,7,and 8 displayed strong DPPH and ABTS+radical scavenging activities.This study represents the first investigation of bound phenolic compounds with potential health benefits in the residue of A.venetum tea.展开更多
基金Supported by Innovation Funds of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(20141CBS003)Jiangxi Provincial Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Research System(JXARS-02)~~
文摘China is a big producer and consumer of tea. A huge amount of tea waste is produced in China every year, resulting in environmental pollution and enormous natural resources waste. From the perspective of utilization way, this pa- per summarized the research progresses in tea waste as a raw material for ex- tracting active ingredients and preparing absorbent, activated carbon, bio-organic fer- tilizer, animal feed and nutrients for edible fungi cultivation. In addition, the develop- ment trend of comprehensive utilization of tea waste was prospected. It is found that the comprehensive utilization of tea waste using a variety of techniques can im- prove the utilization efficiency of tea waste and reduce production costs. Finally, a simple and practical comprehensive utilization program was proposed to provide a reference for practical application.
文摘Bound phenolic compounds from the residue of Apocynum venetum(A.venetum)tea were released by alkaline digestion with sonication,followed by extraction using ethyl acetate(EtOAc).The fragment ions of compounds in free and bound forms were identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)in both positive and negative modes.Further investigation of chemical constituents in the EtOAc extract led to the isolation of eleven individual compounds,and their chemical structures were identified as(−)-epicatechin(1),(−)-loliolide(2),(−)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),alloside of benzyl alcohol(4),3-[(6-O-hexopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate(5),apocynoside I(6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8),[1-acetyloxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]hexadecanoate(9),1-stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol(10),and 3-hexene-l-O-β-D-glucoside(11)using a series of spectroscopic methods.Compounds 2–5 and 9–11 were isolated for the first time from A.venetum,while antioxidant experiments showed that compounds 1,7,and 8 displayed strong DPPH and ABTS+radical scavenging activities.This study represents the first investigation of bound phenolic compounds with potential health benefits in the residue of A.venetum tea.
