Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed t...Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.展开更多
The tea from tea plants,a kind of traditional leaf plant,is deeply loved by people,but the production of tea fruit and its important functional value have been seriously underestimated for a long time.To this end,the ...The tea from tea plants,a kind of traditional leaf plant,is deeply loved by people,but the production of tea fruit and its important functional value have been seriously underestimated for a long time.To this end,the oil plant function and comprehensive utilization value of tea oil from tea fruit were introduced,and a set of new standardized cultivation technique of tea plants that could fully exert the potential of tea seed yield was put forward.The technique could increase the tea seed yield per mu from less than 50kg in traditional tea gardens to more than 200 kg,which broke through the production mode of single leaf picking in traditional tea gardens,gave play to the natural reproductive growth advantages of tea plants,achieved"leaf-seed dual harvest",and promoted the improvement of tea industry quality and efficiency,thereby creating a new path to achieve the"leaf-fruit dual use"of tea plants.展开更多
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TA...Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TAC was obtained from tea seed shells via a one-step chemical method using ZnCl2 as an agent. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the total pore volumes of the obtained TAC were found to be 1 530.67 mg2/g and 0.7826 cm3/g, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption results were complied with Langmuir isotherm model and its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 324.7 mg/g for methylene blue. Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the pseudosecond-order model yielded the best fit for the kinetic data. An intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamics studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process. These results indicate that tea seed shells could be utilized as a renewable resource to develop activated carbon which is a potential adsorbent for methylene blue.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (31272472)project grants from Meat & Livestock Australia,Fisheries and Forestry in Australia and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)。
文摘Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.
基金Supported by the Project for the Research of Zhejiang Province,China(LGN18C160009)The Key Science and Technology Program of Jinhua City,China(2018-2-001).
文摘The tea from tea plants,a kind of traditional leaf plant,is deeply loved by people,but the production of tea fruit and its important functional value have been seriously underestimated for a long time.To this end,the oil plant function and comprehensive utilization value of tea oil from tea fruit were introduced,and a set of new standardized cultivation technique of tea plants that could fully exert the potential of tea seed yield was put forward.The technique could increase the tea seed yield per mu from less than 50kg in traditional tea gardens to more than 200 kg,which broke through the production mode of single leaf picking in traditional tea gardens,gave play to the natural reproductive growth advantages of tea plants,achieved"leaf-seed dual harvest",and promoted the improvement of tea industry quality and efficiency,thereby creating a new path to achieve the"leaf-fruit dual use"of tea plants.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (No. 2010C32051)the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2011BAD01B03-5-1), China
文摘Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TAC was obtained from tea seed shells via a one-step chemical method using ZnCl2 as an agent. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the total pore volumes of the obtained TAC were found to be 1 530.67 mg2/g and 0.7826 cm3/g, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption results were complied with Langmuir isotherm model and its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 324.7 mg/g for methylene blue. Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the pseudosecond-order model yielded the best fit for the kinetic data. An intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamics studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process. These results indicate that tea seed shells could be utilized as a renewable resource to develop activated carbon which is a potential adsorbent for methylene blue.