Not in Control,but Liable?Attributing Human Responsibility for Fully Automated Vehicle Accidents

Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making capabilities.For instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these cars.Normative ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their control.Here,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian injury.In contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi passengers.This dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless cars.Our findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.

Research on the Collaborative Governance of Social Responsibility in Online Audiovisual Enterprises

This paper aims to analyze the present conditions of the social responsibility ecosystem in online audiovisual enterprises in the digital age. It focuses on the governance of social responsibility in these enterprises and conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems and influencing factors related to the social responsibility aberrations of online audiovisual enterprises. Drawing upon social responsibility theory and collaborative governance theory, this research constructs a social responsibility guidance and governance system guided by the public, supported by the voluntary fulfillment of responsibilities by online audiovisual enterprises, and based on the collaborative participation of diverse stakeholders. It explores and optimizes the implementation pathways of this system, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable development of online audiovisual enterprises. Furthermore, it aims to contribute to the creation of a harmonious Internet ecosystem.

Practice and Exploration of Ideological and Political Education for Postgraduate Students Under the Mentor Responsibility System

This study aims to address the problems existing in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students,and combines the implementation of the mentor responsibility system to explore the role orientation,work content,and practical effects of mentors in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students.Through questionnaire surveys,interviews,and other research methods,the current situation of ideological and political education of postgraduate students under the mentor responsibility system is analyzed,and corresponding optimization strategies are proposed.

The Correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)and Chinese Family Enterprises in China

It is imperative to aggressively advocate for and transmit the ideas of corporate social responsibility as Chinese family enterprises transition into the phase of corporate inheritance.This study conducts a thorough examination of existing literature to elucidate the concept and model of western corporate social responsibility.It also analyses the current state of Chinese corporate social responsibility and highlights the fulfilment of corporate social responsibility by private enterprises.Furthermore,it specifically investigates the significance of family enterprises in promoting and preserving the culture of corporate responsibility.Lastly,it delves into the correlation between corporate social responsibility and family enterprises.This study presents the process of transmission and inheritance of Chinese family firms,focusing on the influence of Chinese traditional culture,the original purpose of enterprise development,and enterprise image.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Shipping Supply Chain Risks

This study aims to investigate whether Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)activities reduce supply chain disruptions by examining the impact of the Suez Canal obstruction on the Ever Given container ship in March 2021.This study conclude that the more responsible companies have higher returns and are less affected by this event than the less responsible companies;the less responsible companies have lower returns.The companies with better CSR have a lower impact on their supply chains when faced with disruptions in the supply chain.

Research on Corporate Social Responsibility Evaluation Based on Improved CRITIC-TOPSIS—A Case Study of Listed Companies in China’s Pharmaceutical Distribution Industry

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has garnered considerable attention from countries, institutions, enterprises and social groups. However, the lack of research on CSR evaluation system for industries has impeded its development and construction across various industries. Therefore, given the close association of pharmaceutical distribution enterprises with personal health, there exists a pressing need to explore the CSR in this domain. This paper establishes a CSR evaluation index system for pharmaceutical distribution enterprises, employing a combination of documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. This index system comprises 7 CSR criterion layers (e.g., responsible governance and employee responsibility) and 56 index layers. 25 listed companies in China’s pharmaceutical distribution industry are chosen as research objects, and this study also establishes an evaluation model for the CSR of pharmaceutical distribution companies through the improved Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method combined with The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The empirical analysis reveals that the responsible governance criterion layer and the social development criterion layer demonstrate the best performance, while the supplier, customer and patient responsibility criterion layer exhibit the worst performance.

Inter-Provincial Transaction Model in Two-Level ElectricityMarket Considering Carbon Emission and Consumption Responsibility Weights

In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key problem.The combined operation of intra-provincial and inter-provincial markets provides a new way for provincial power companies to optimize and clear the intra-provincial power market,complete the intra-provincial consumption responsibility weight index,and consume renewable energy across provinces and regions.This paper combines power generation and consumption within the province,uses inter-provincial renewable energy trading tomeet the load demand within the province and completes the index of intra-provincial consumption responsibility weights.The intra-provincial market trading and inter-provincial market clearing are respectively taken as the upper and lower levels of the model.Under the two-level electricity market operation framework,the upper-level model aims to minimize the expected total operating cost within the province considering the carbon emission cost and the weight of the consumption responsibility,while the lower-level model aims to minimize the inter-provincial renewable energy purchasing cost.Finally,the influence of inter-provincial transaction mechanism,risk aversion coefficient,voucher price,and responsibility weight on operating cost is analyzed.Simulation is used to verify that the proposed model can meet the requirements of the provincial load power consumption and the consumption responsibility weight index,and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

Dynamic model and driving strategy of corporate social responsibility

Corporate social responsibility is the inevitable requirement for the survival and development of enterprises in modern society,as well as the basic guarantee for the sustainable development of economy and society.In order to analyze the driving factors of corporate social responsibility from both internal and external aspects,the dynamic model of corporate social responsibility was constructed,and the driving strategies of corporate social responsibility were also suggested.The driving factors of corporate social responsibility include not only the external constraints of policies,regulations and stakeholders,but also the internal requirements of the sustainable development of enterprises.Only when the external driving force is transformed into the spontaneous and conscious responsibility behavior of the enterprise,can the enterprise achieve its due effect.Moreover,in order to better fulfill the social responsibility,enterprise should build a management system of social responsibility,enhance the awareness of social responsibility,and promote the effective implementation of social responsibility projects.The relevant department should strengthen the all-round supervision of corporate social responsibility,and further improve the policies,laws and regulations related to social responsibility.Enterprises should strengthen communication with stakeholders,actively disclose social responsibility information,and constantly improve social responsibility behavior.By implementing social responsibility,enterprise can improve its business environment,enhance corporate brand image and core competitiveness,and promote the sustainable development of economy and society.

Corporate Social Responsibility Perception and Happiness of Employees:Evidence From Disney Resort in China

In recent years,many scholars have discussed good corporate culture,such as corporate social responsibility.The study investigates the relationship between employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility(CSR)and happiness in China’s resort industry.Four types of corporate social responsibilities are economic,legal,ethical,and discretionary.The study is an empirical study conducted to survey full-time workers who are working in Disney Resort,China.257 effective samples have been collected.The result implicated that the Disney Resort employees’corporate social responsibility perception positively affects happiness.Economic,legal,ethical,and discretionary responsibility all positively affect happiness.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Green Innovation-The Mediating Effect of Financing Constraints

Green innovation has become a strategic direction for the country and enterprises,and it is an important facet in achieving high-quality economic development.Whether corporate social responsibility(CSR),as a key competitive strategy for achieving sustainable economic development,can promote corporate green innovation and the path of evolution has become a hot topic of current research.This paper takes Chinese manufacturing A share listed companies as its sample and uses Stata sofware to conduct regression analysis to test the relationship between CSR,financing constraints,and green innovation,respectively.It further distinguishes the sample into different technological properties and different regions to study the degree of differentiation of the mediating effect on financing constraints.The results show that CSR can not only directly promote corporate green innovation,but that it also can further positively influence corporate green innovation by alleviating financing constraints.Financing constraints play a mediating role in the relationship between CSR and green innovation,especially in enterprises with strong innovation demand and in regions with high levels of regional economic development.The findings enrich the research perspective on the relationship between CSR and green innovation and provide realistic data support for subsequent studies.

高速履带车辆横摆运动响应特性分析与试验验证

为研究高速履带车辆操纵特性,奠定高速电驱动履带车辆的操纵稳定性评价及控制的基础,建立了高速履带车辆非线性转向动力学模型及2自由度线性转向动力学模型,并对模型进行试验验证。利用2自由度线性模型推导了高速履带车辆横摆运动传递函数,基于此进行了高速履带车辆横摆运动时域和频域响应特性分析,提出履带车辆稳态横摆角速度增益及临界阻尼车速的定义。研究结果表明:履带车辆稳态横摆角速度增益均小于1,履带车辆具有不足转向特性;履带车辆系统阻尼比在1左右;当车速小于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为过阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间在0.2 s内;当车速等于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为临界阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间大于10 s;当车速大于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为欠阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间迅速减小至2~3 s。

油气田刺激响应性材料应用现状及前景展望

油田化学品在钻井完井、压裂酸化、调剖堵水、乳化降黏、油水分离等环节发挥关键作用,但低渗透、高温、高盐、极端pH及使用过程中温度、pH变化等苛刻油气藏环境,给应用于油田化学品的聚合物和表面活性剂的研发带来了严峻的挑战。引入磺酸基等抗温抗盐基团或增大驱油剂相对分子质量等传统方式已难以满足油田需求。该文介绍了温度敏感聚合物、pH敏感聚合物、磁响应聚合物、CO_(2)敏感聚合物及表面活性剂、盐度敏感聚合物响应环境变化的刺激响应原理和性能;综述了5种刺激响应性材料在钻井完井、提高采收率、乳化破乳、压裂酸化、调剖堵水、油水分离等方向的应用,展望了刺激响应性材料在油气开采中的发展前景。

Research on the Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Corporate Environmental Responsibility

The significance of human resource management in enterprise management is steadily growing,especially as businesses today are expected to shoulder their share of social responsibility.Among these responsibilities,corporate environmental responsibility assumes a pivotal role.This paper aims to investigate the interplay between human resource management practices and corporate environmental responsibility.The study employs various factors of human resource management practices as independent variables,using the current environmental status quo and environmental innovation capacity as intermediary variables,and adopts multiple regression analysis to scrutinize the influencing factors of corporate environmental responsibility.The findings underscore that when the working environment is favorable,enterprise human resource management practices can effectively enhance corporate environmental responsibility.Furthermore,when supported by environmentally responsible behavior,these human resources practices exhibit a positive influence on a company’s environmental responsibility.Consequently,this study provides practical recommendations for enhancing corporate environmental responsibility.

考虑源荷不确定性及用户响应行为的电力系统低碳经济调度

电力系统是未来实现碳中和目标的重要领域,随着源-荷不确定性的加剧,基于确定性模型的低碳经济调度方法无法准确描述不确定因素对碳排放的影响。针对上述问题,该文首先从系统层面构建考虑不确定性的低碳鲁棒优化模型,利用概率模型对源荷不确定因素进行建模,并采用机会约束对目标满足期望的显著性水平进行描述,通过最大化不确定因素的置信水平得出风险规避策略下的鲁棒调度方案。接着从用户层面构建基于事件驱动的用户低碳响应模型,根据系统层计算结果,通过设定事件触发的碳排放阈值定义碳排放超额事件,并以价格形式引导用户的低碳用能行为。最后通过算例分析,验证所提模型能有效量化评估系统的低碳经济调度不确定性水平,充分发挥用户侧降碳能力,实现源荷双侧低碳目标的协同。

基层应急治理能力提升:类型、梗阻与策略——基于“主体—情境—技术”分析框架

基层应急治理能力体系是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,基层应急治理能力直接彰显了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。主体、情境与技术是基层应急治理能力提升的关键要素,通过建构“主体—情境—技术”分析框架,将实践案例归结为主体协同型、情境主导型与技术主导型三种基层应急治理实践类型。在基层应急治理能力提升过程中,仍面临“科层—社会”存在张力与应急信任合作机制缺失,常态预防预警能力欠缺与非常态响应机制运转不畅,数据共享链条易被阻断与“技术决定论”思维固化等现实困境。为切实提升基层应急治理能力,需要打造“一核多元”协同应急格局,灵活调适“常态—非常态”应急治理重心,增强基层智慧应急治理实效。

计及多重需求响应的综合能源系统多时间尺度低碳运行

为挖掘需求侧资源响应潜力,文中提出一种计及多重需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)多时间尺度低碳调度策略。首先,考虑到需求侧资源在不同时间尺度下的响应差异性,建立计及价格型和激励型的多重综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)模型。然后,为减少源、荷预测误差对IES运行的影响,分别构建日前低碳经济调度模型和日内双时间尺度滚动优化平抑模型。最后,算例仿真设置不同场景进行对比分析。结果表明,相比传统IDR,多重IDR能有效挖掘用户响应潜力,提升系统经济性。此外,计及多重IDR的多时间尺度调度策略能有效缓解源、荷误差带来的功率波动并降低系统碳排放量,实现IES低碳、经济和稳定运行。

计及灾后恢复全过程储能应急响应能力的配电网韧性规划

储能因响应快、灵活性高的特点,已成为可再生能源发展必不可少的支撑技术,不仅具有削峰填谷、改善电能质量的作用,在灾后恢复过程中的应急响应能力同样不可忽视。提出了一种计及灾后恢复全过程储能应急响应能力的配电网韧性规划方法,构建了同时考虑网架增强和储能配置策略的配电网韧性增强双层规划模型,系统地刻画了极端灾害发生后配电网网架重构、设备抢修及复电等灾后恢复全过程的源-网-荷-储互动模式场景。最后,通过IEEE33节点系统的算例分析表明,所提方法能更充分地挖掘储能的应急响应潜力,有效提高增强性规划决策的精准度,获得更佳的投资回报。

中国式刑事证明结构:分段包干与选择性接力

1979年颁行的《刑事诉讼法》确立了我国分段包干与选择性接力的证明结构。它既体现在侦诉审关系中,也体现在上下审关系中。在这一结构中,公检法在各自主导的诉讼阶段只有调查程序和方式的差异,并无查证责任和目标的差异。后端办案机关有接力查证的责任。接力者具有依照法定证明标准选择是否接力的判断权,也有选择接力主体、范围和方法的裁量权。《刑事诉讼法》虽然历经多次修改,但均朝着优化结构的方向前行。我国刑事证明结构具有如下鲜明特色:一是事实认定权力的去中心主义,二是专门机关查证责任的同质化,三是查证范围认定权的单元化,四是“调查”真相演变为“接着查”真相,五是作为查明真相协助者的辩方。

气候变化和人类活动对中国生态敏感性的影响分析与改善路径——基于响应曲面法

生态敏感性是指生态系统对外界干扰的反应程度。随着气候变化和人类活动日益加剧,二者分别以单独和交互作用的方式影响生态敏感性,进而暴露出整体或区域性的人口、资源与环境问题。因此,厘清气候变化和人类活动对生态敏感性的影响程度,并分级进行改善,有利于提升地区生态环境的韧性和可持续发展水平。该研究以中国31个省份为研究对象,基于2001—2020年的气象、遥感和统计数据,构建气候变化、人类活动和生态敏感性指标体系,运用主成分分析提取气候变化和人类活动的影响因子,利用响应曲面法(response surface methodology,RSM)分析各地区气候变化和人类活动单因子及交互作用对生态敏感性的影响,并以包含生态和气候敏感性的复合敏感值为依据,划分优化区、管控区和治理区,探究了敏感值较高的治理区的改善路径。结果表明:(1)中国生态敏感值在时间上呈波动下降态势,2001—2020年总体下降了2.2%;空间上呈现出“西高东低、北高南低”的空间布局,与2001年相比,2020年重度敏感及以上的省份数量减少了7.1%。(2)经济发展、气候变化、人口规模对不同省份生态敏感性的影响存在差异,受单因子影响的省份占比分别为77.4%、67.7%和54.8%;因子交互作用中,负交互效应占比为69.6%,说明大部分因子对另一因子影响生态敏感性的效应产生反向作用。(3)为减少气候变化对生态敏感性的负面影响,针对治理区内自然条件和发展速度不同的区域,需要有针对性地协调经济发展或人口增长,以确保在生态承载范围内推动经济社会可持续发展。

苯磺酸瑞马唑仑联合舒芬太尼对宫腔镜手术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响

目的评价苯磺酸瑞马唑仑麻醉对宫腔镜手术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法选取择期行宫腔镜手术患者94例,应用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各47例。对照组给予丙泊酚联合舒芬太尼,研究组给予苯磺酸瑞马唑仑联合舒芬太尼。比较两组血流动力学、应激反应指标、疼痛和镇静情况,以及不良反应发生情况。结果两组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)在置入喉罩时(T_(1))、扩张宫颈时(T_(2))、拔除喉罩时(T_(3))与麻醉诱导前(T_(0))比较均明显降低(P<0.05),对照组血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))在T_(1)与T_(0)比较明显降低(P<0.05)。研究组T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时点HR、MAP明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后2、12、48 h肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)与术前比较均明显升高(P<0.05),且研究组E、NE、Cor明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后2、12 h静息VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),Ramsay评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后不良反应发生率(6.38%)明显低于对照组(29.79%,P<0.05)。结论与丙泊酚联合舒芬太尼相比,苯磺酸瑞马唑仑联合舒芬太尼在宫腔镜手术中血流动力学更稳定,术后应激反应与疼痛更低,镇静效果良好,不良反应少。