A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Undergraduate nursing education in the United States

Nursing education in the United States began in the 1870s with hospital training schools modeled after the Nightingale plan. Presently there are three educational paths that students may take to become a registered nurse （RN）. These are the baccalaureate degree （BS）, the associate degree （AD） and the diploma. Accelerated nursing programs are also available for people who have a baccalaureate degree in another field. Nursing education and nursing practice in the United States is regulated by each of the 50 states. The focus of nursing education is the preparation of nurses who use critical thinking skills to provide comprehensive patient-centered care to a variety of clients. It is expected that nurses will function using evidence-based practice in a culturally competent, safe manner. Nursing schools must be approved by the state in which they exist. In addition to this, most nursing schools are also accredited, a voluntary process that is done by a non-governmental association. All graduates take the same licensing exam, a computer adaptive test that is from 75 to 265 items long educated graduates were first time test takers; 85.5% passed the exam. Trends in nursing education In 2008 almost 120,000 US include a focus on evidence based practice, an emphasis on safety and quality, patient education and management of chronic conditions, genetics and genomics and the use of simulation in nursing education

Development of Chinese Medicine Education in the United States:Two Examples of Pacific College of Health and Science New York and Eastern School of Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine

Chinese medicine originated in China and has taken root all over the world.In the United States,Chinese medicine belongs to the category of complementary and alternative medicine and has a history of over 50 years as a recognized profession.The education of Chinese medicine is undoubtedly the foundation for the development and growth of Chinese medicine practice.In this article,we briefly introduced the history of acupuncture profession and its development in the United States.Pacific College of Health and Science New York and Eastern School of Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine were discussed and analyzed.This article aims to discuss two examples of acupuncture schools in the United States to provide an overview of the history and current development of Chinese medicine education in the United States.

Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Between China and the United States

It is well-known that the United States,a highly developed country whether in high-tech.or higher education,is in a leading position in the world.Based on the comparison and analysis of higher education between China and the U.S.,this article highly affirms the advantages of American higher education,offers an objective comment on China's higher education reform in recent years,and earnestly indicates that China's higher education needs to be improved in order to facilitate greater development.

Factors associated with nursing students' willingness to care for older adults in Korea and the United States

Objective: Elderly health care needs increase and nurses' role for elderlies is vital.It is significant to identify nursing students' intention to care for elderlies.Thus,this study investigated nursing students' willingness to care for elderlies in Korea and the United States.Methods: The study was conducted with 437 undergraduate nursing students from Korea and the United States from May 25 to 31,2018.Participants completed a survey including frequency and quality of contact,anxiety about aging,empathy,attitude toward elderly,and willingness to care.Results: Study findings from the entire group showed that nursing students' willingness to care for the elderly was positively associated with contact quality (β =0.22,P<0.001) and empathy (β =0.12,P 0.009) but negatively associated with anxiety about aging (β =0.23,P < 0.001) and attitude toward the elderly (β =0.14,P =0.004).Contact quality (β=0.30,P < 0.001) was positively associated with the willingness to care in Korean students,whereas extended family living type (β =-0.15,P=0.012) and attitude toward the elderly (β =-0.18,P=0.005) negatively associated in US students.Conclusion: This study suggested that nursing educators reinforce contact quality and empathy but reduce anxiety about aging and attitude toward elderly to enhance future nurses' care quality.

Comparison of RN licensure examination: China and the United States

Having the two largest nursing workforces across the globe,both China and the United States have implemented licensure examinations to standardize the qualifications of registered nurse.China established the National Nursing Licensure Examination(NNLE)in 1995.Like the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses(NCLEX-RN)in the United States,the NNLE has become an important link in the nurse registration process and contributed a lot in quality assurance and development of nursing profession.It may be necessary for the NNLE to learn from NCLEX-RN in several aspects,including increasing the frequency of exam,providing examinees with individualized services,and continuing reforming exam content and format.By better aligning the content and format of the examination with the current nursing paradigm and clinical requirements,nurses may enter the healthcare field better prepared to care for patients.Considering the magnitude of their nursing workforce,both China and the United States have great potential to serve as a role model for other developing countries as they look towards establishing national nursing education programs.As new policies around standardized nurse education in China take form,we urge that the NNLE be included alongside curricular reforms.As these reforms are implemented,continued research will be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of curriculum and licensure exam regulations upon nurse preparedness and quality of nursing care in China.

Chinese Students in the United States:A study of Anxiety/Uncertainty Managing Behaviors

With The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management(AUM) Theory as framework,the paper had demonstrated an in-depth examination on Chinese students' anxiety/uncertainty managing behaviors and strategies when they are exposed to the new environment in the US.One-on-one interview was employed to analyze both the internal and external factors during their adaptation to new cultures.Further recommendations would be given for developing intercultural communication studies in Chinese students' oversea education or related other topics.

Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States at the start of 2023,during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of January 1,2023,in the United States(U.S.).The number of active LAcs as of January 1,2023 was 34,524,potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states,among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs[21.19%of the total]),New York(5024[14.55%])and Florida(2644[7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87%from 2018,and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037,or 20.75%.The overall LAc density in the U.S.Dmeasured as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36,less than in 2018.There were 56 active,accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing[entry-level],12 for an advanced practicing degree[advanced-level],and 14 for certifications).Broken down further,offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture,40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine,31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine),and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in AOM.The certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in CHM.Among these schools in 2023,institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42%in 2018)of the national total.California,Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%.There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in place.The data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the U.S.has been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Continuity of Natural Science Education in the System of“School-University”

At the present time,new state compulsory standards for school education,standard curricula,and curricula have been developed.The programs of higher and postgraduate education do not take into account changes in educational curricula of secondary education.The future specialists of pedagogical universities are teachers of the school.Therefore,graduates of universities on pedagogical specialties,including scientific direction,should be profoundly aware of the content of subjects studied in secondary education.It is very important to understand the need to ensure the continuity of educational curricula of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education.The relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of continuity in the educational programs of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education;discrepancy of professional competences of young pedagogical staff,graduates of higher educational institutions,to the conditions of the updated content of school education;the lack of fundamental and applied research to date,considering the theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring the continuity of natural science education in the“school-university”system in the context of updating the content of education;the need for the research in the context of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2019,which indicates an increase in the prestige of the profession of teachers and an increase in their quality.These theoretical and methodological bases for ensuring the continuity of educational programs of higher pedagogical and secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education will make it possible to introduce changes in the educational curricula of higher and postgraduate education for the training of pedagogical personnel.

On the Differences of Chinese and American Family Education from a Cultural Perspective

In essence, the international competition for talents is determined by the quality of family education. There are a number of family education systems in the world, and each has its distinctive feature, which reflects its unique culture. Although Chinese family education system is a successful one in general, problems appear in recent years. Through comparing some relevant aspects of family education between China and the U.S. from a cultural perspective, we can gain good experiences from American family education and promote the reform of Chinese family education.

Differences between Chinese and American University Education from the Perspective of Curriculum Design--Taking the University of Minnesota as an Example

More and more educational researchers pay attention to the differences between China and the United States.Although the educational concepts of China and the United States respect"student-centered",and are very close in educational system and institutional setting,they are still similar in curriculum design.Taking the University of Minnesota Twin Cities as an example,this paper makes a detailed comparative analysis from the four aspects of curriculum objectives,curriculum assessment,teaching activities and syllabus,finds out the essential differences between Chinese and American university curriculum design,and puts forward that the change of Chinese university curriculum design concept needs to start from basic education,and the cultivation of teachers'thinking and ability is the key influence of the reform factor.

美国教师专业标准的功能定位及其背景与动因

标准的功能定位是影响教师标准价值实现的关键因素。而教师标准应该如何进行功能定位不可抽象而论,应置于特定的时空环境中加以审视。在提升教育质量成为压倒性诉求、以问责制为主导话语的教育改革时代,美国却选择了发展导向的教师标准。美国之所以作出如此选择,背后有着教师地位不高进而影响教师供给的客观背景,职业专业主义的思想背景以及分权制背景下美国联邦政府期望透过发展导向教师标准干预教师质量提升的主观考量。

发达国家职业教育与产业发展的契合经验及对我国的启示——以德国、美国为例

职业教育发端于产业发展的需要,产业发展反过来又催生了职业教育的发展,要求职业教育与产业发展具有一致性、契合性。国家一系列政策都提出要推动职业教育融入产业发展的需要,发达国家职业教育与产业发展的契合性为我国提供了可资借鉴的经验,启示我国应通过全面加强政府引导、建构产教全面融合机制、提高职业教育学历层次、充分发挥企业特定作用、完善培养质量考核制度等措施,以有效增强我国职业教育与产业发展的契合性。

微认证:重塑教师数字素养的新引擎--来自美国的个案分析

教师数字素养是推动我国教育数字化转型的关键软实力,其培训与评价应指向实践取向、循证决策,然而目前现实情况却不容乐观。微认证体现了工作场景和实践能力指向的发展性评价理念,耦合了教师专业发展的复杂实践性和自我反思性的特征。本研究以美国“数字承诺”平台开发的教师数字素养微认证项目为例,深入剖析项目运行的内在逻辑,按照明确参与主体、培训谁、为什么培训、怎样培训、如何保证持续有效的递进关系,总结出微认证促进教师数字素养提升的实践路径:“分工明确、各司其职”“基于角色、微观设计”“需求导向、能力为本”“依据规范、坚持循证”“系统规划、绩效管理”,以期为我国开展教师数字素养培训与评价提供启示和借鉴。

美国博士生教学能力培养课程的特征与启示——明尼苏达大学“未来师资准备项目”案例分析

无论为了促进博士生学术成长,还是为博士生的学术职业生涯做准备,亦或是为了确保本科教育的质量,都有必要对博士生进行教学能力的培养。美国明尼苏达大学“未来师资准备项目”的开展主要以课程为依托,包括基于基本教学能力培养的核心课程和面向未来教师发展的选修课程,并将“以学生为中心”作为课程设计原则,基于博士生教学能力生成逻辑组织课程结构,将“情境化的实践与反思”嵌入课程实施,注重多元学习共同体的构建和重视博士生个人教学理念的形成。分析该案例,可为中国博士生教学能力培养提供一些启示:正视并重视博士生教学能力;根据高校自身特色和博士生培养现状,基于博士生教学能力培养的具体目标,制定系统的个性的培养计划;重视教学能力培养的课程建设。

Lessons from the British Early Childhood Education and Qualification Certification System for Early Childhood Education in China

This paper explores the early childhood education systems in the United Kingdom(UK)and China,providing valuable insights and lessons for improving early childhood education in China.It discusses key aspects of education philosophy,teacher training and professional development,qualification certification and standards,policy recommendations,and future prospects.The UK’s emphasis on child-centered education,the use of play-based learning methods,and the recognition of the importance of social and emotional development serve as valuable lessons for China’s early childhood education system.Additionally,the paper highlights the need for unified national standards and certification,higher entry requirements for teachers,ongoing professional development,practical experience for teachers,and diverse certification pathways.The future of early childhood education in China includes raising the social status of early childhood educators,integrating digital education and technology,promoting interdisciplinary education,enhancing collaboration between families and schools,and addressing the needs of special children.

虚拟现实技术赋能美国教师教育实践训练的历程、效果、走向及启示

虚拟现实技术作为一种能够将学习者置身于虚拟环境中的革命性工具,正在重塑教育的生态与未来。美国最早开始运用虚拟现实技术辅助教师教育实践训练,这一过程经历了虚拟现实技术与教育的初步结合、深度交融及催生专业平台新形态3个阶段。在实践效果上,教师教育实训专业平台通过多元主体的交互性提升了实训真实感、依靠虚拟情境的多感知性营造了实训沉浸感、凭借实践过程的自主性提高了自我效能感。展望未来,虚拟现实技术赋能美国教师教育实践训练的趋向包括实训模式的智能化、实训理论的多样化、实训内容的个性化和实训评价的二元化。世界各国都在积极应对和推动教育教学智能化。在未来较长时间里,智能化教育教学将是我国教育改革的重点方向,而虚拟现实技术赋能则是这一改革的重要基础与路径。

高质量发展视域下美国生涯与技术教育评价指标体系构建与启示

为实现高质量发展目标,美国生涯与技术教育亟需考察经费投入效果,转变问责评价重点,并构建了以“评价维度—评价要素—评价标准”为核心的三级评价指标体系。该指标体系具有评价维度立足多视角和全方位,评价要素体现全纳性和公平性,评价标准重视以学生为中心等特征。借鉴其基本思路,我国职业教育评价指标体系的构建,需树立全面的高质量评价观、关注多元化的评价主体需求、设计以人为本的评价内容。

美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系构建:历程、特征与挑战

流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的构建是提升家庭教育质量、实现社会公平的必然要求。美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的构建历经起步阶段政府介入服务到发展阶段形成流动儿童家庭教育指导服务框架,再到全面完善阶段构建流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的三个历史阶段,呈现出服务理念从机会公平走向结果公平、服务对象从单一主体转为家庭整体训练、服务主体从各司其职趋向多方协同共治、服务手段从信息共享转为精准技术治理的显著特征。美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的发展已趋于成熟,但仍存在贫困与就业困难阻碍流动儿童家庭教育指导服务效果、移民增多与地方竞争增加财政压力以及信息和政策壁垒制约流动儿童家庭教育指导服务获得等挑战。

新世纪中美高等农业教育的应变行动

2009年,美国国家科学院国家研究委员会出版了《农业教育转型:面对变化的世界》,这是继1992年《农业与本科教育》之后,又一部关注农业教育的国家层面报告,可称之为“美版新农科”。该报告通过分析学生、院校、高等教育、农业、职场五个方面的变化,提出了促进农业教育转型的九项建议,对中国正在开展的新农科建设具有参考价值。南京农业大学翻译出版了该报告中文版。