Analysis of the Current Situation of Spoken Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in Ethnic Regions

With the enhancement of friendship between different nations, foreign language learning has become more and more important. In particular, spoken language is playing a vital role in foreign language learning and practice. In order to improve foreign language teaching and learning proficiency in ethnic regions, the author analyses the current situation of spoken foreign language teaching and learning in ethnic regions and suggests some ways to solve the existing problems.

Differences between Spoken Language and Written Language and Their Influence in English Teaching

Spoken language and written language serve different functions in communication.It’s necessary for English teachers to know the differences between them in order to teach effectively.This thesis analyzes the differences between spoken language and written language in four respects and their influence in English teaching.

On Language Anxiety and Countermeasures in University Spoken Language Teaching

Language anxiety is the anxiety or disconcerted feeling felt by language learners when they need to express in foreign languages or second foreign language.Anxiety is very important emotional barrier in language learning,and it has important im pact on language learning,especially on spoken language learning.The general lack of spoken language capacity in university stu dents is an incontrovertible fact,and language anxiety is one of the important reasons that cause the imperfect effect of spoken lan guage teaching.This article generally talks about the main reasons for language anxiety,which include the barrier by self-esteem,risk-taking,competitiveness to spoken language learning of university students.This article also discusses a series of countermea sure to ease the language anxiety,so as to reduce the anxiety effectively to promote the teaching of university spoken English.

General Differences between Spoken and Written Language

The history of language study shows widely different attitudes concerning the relationship between spoken and written language. After a person's born,he or she learns spoken language before learning written language; therefore,many linguists consider written language a written form of spoken language,the function of which is to record the human sounds. Meanwhile,for centuries,the written language held a preeminent place. It was the medium of literature,which was felt to provide language with permanence and authority (David Crystal,2002). Therefore,what are the general differences between spoken and written language to make them present totally different functions? Accordingly,this essay will compare spoken language and written language to identify their general differences in three aspects.

Differentiate Written Language from Spoken Language by Analyzing Rich Features in Writings

The most important reason why an average writing is different from a good writing lies in whether the writing uses written language or spoken language. To tell the differences between them, the essay analyzes rich features such as lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and use of noun phrase of some examples. Therefore, students may learn how to write in a new point of view.

Using Communicative Language Teaching of English in Spoken English for the Major of International Economics and Trade

Enhancing the ability of oral communication is the general trend of language teaching in China. Through analyzing the characteristics of International Economics and Trade Major, this paper identifies and analyses contextual factors in English Language Teaching in the major, and discusses the practices of communicative language teaching which could be adapted to this context, in which learners are undergraduates of International Economics and Trade, then the importance and difficulties of the teaching approach has been highlighted.

Chinese spoken language understanding in SHTQS

Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.

A Situated Learning Practice for Language Teaching Classes： Teaching Spoken English With Authentic Sketches

SL （situated learning） is a term first proposed by Lave and Wenger （1991） as a model of learning in a community of practice. According to Lave and Wenger （1991）, learning should not be viewed as simply the transmission of abstract and decontextualised knowledge from one individual to another, but a social process whereby knowledge is co-constructed. The exposure to spoken language and cultural elements of foreign language is the best way of teaching the language itself rather than grammatical patterns and rules of the language. In this study, we aim to review ＂situational learning approach＂ in context with its role and efficiency of teaching spoken language. An experimental study was conducted on the university students in the preparatory classes at the School of Tourism of Erzincan University. Twelve male and 11 female students in the control group and 14 male and 10 female students in the experimental group took part in the research. The language levels of the students were determined by a language proficiency test which is used as pre-test of the study. Language proficiency test composed of mainly dialogues including spoken language patterns. After eight weeks of lectures with authentic sketches which were used as reading materials in experimental group and classical reading materials in control group, the students were given the same language proficiency test as post-test. When pre- and post-test results were evaluated, significant difference was found between the pre- and post-test results of the subjects on behalf of the students in the experimental group. It is concluded that spoken language can be achieved by authentic sketches which are designed to serve as a situated learning setting.

The role of community nursing in family rehabilitation of stroke patients with impaired spoken language

Objective To observe the role of community nursing in family rehabilitation of stro ke patients with impaired spoken lan guage.Methods34patients were divided into 17pair s according to similar principle.In each pair,patient went into control or rehabilitation group randomly.Patients in control group received nerve drug treatment,while patients in rehabilitation group r eceived spoken language training co urse as well as nerve drug treatment.The a ssessment was made after 6and 12mont hs of treatment.Results The capability of language expression and comprehension in training group were significantly improved than in control(P <0.01).Conclusions Community nursing plays an im-portant role in the rehabilitation o f stroke patients with impaired spok en language.

Formulaic Language in Spoken EFL Teaching

This paper discusses the role of formulaic language in the teaching of English as a foreign language,and in particular in the decoding of the spoken production of native speakers(NSs).

Research of Spoken Language Learning Strategy in the Second Language Communication Process

Spoken language learning strategy study is everlasting and often fresh topic, which can come to different conclusions from different point of views. This paper focuses on the second language communication process, trying to find out the possible spoken language phenomenon and the corresponding spoken language learning strategies. At the same time, the factors influencing the learners＇ adoption of spoken language learning strategy as well as the hints for teaching spoken language in class are hopefully to be summarized.

Research on the Construction and Practice of College English Spoken Language Network Training Camp under the “Let’s talk” Model

Based on the"Understandable Output Hypothesis"a practical study on the construction of college oral English network training camp is set up,through speech learning and imitation,building language input in natural environment,exploring effective output mode based on information technology platform,providing foreign language learners with opportunities to express language and get feedback.Students use relevant resources on the Internet to complete the oral activities of"thematic activities"together,so as to cultivate students'cooperative learning,communication skills,team spirit and language communication ability.

《国家通用语言文字法》研究的回顾与思考

《国家通用语言文字法》是中国语言生活依法治理的基础。该法自公布、施行至今25年,对该法的研究可分为法律解读、“良法”讨论、“善治”转向3个时期,呈现语言研究和法律研究两类视角。学界对该法的角色地位、主要功能、对象范围、特点原则等达成了基本共识,在以下方面则尚存争论:“国家通用语言文字”的概念及界定,汉语拼音的地位性质与使用范围,语言权利和义务,“软法”属性,“非通用语言文字”立法,外国语言文字的使用及其规范。面对新时代语言文字法治建设要求,需要在以下方面做好《国家通用语言文字法》的修订工作:(1)科学研判,深究法理依据;(2)与时俱进,修订法律规定;(3)系统落地,对接执法司法;(4)共享共治,增强法治意识。

Probe into the Spoken English Teaching Reform of the Contemporary University

At present,in the English teaching of college,students' reading and writing skills can be passed,but conversational and interpersonal skills are very poor.This article aims to propose a solution to the analysis of this phenomenon,for the purpose of the improvement of China's college students' English.

SHTQS: a telephonebased Chinese spoken dialogue system

SHTQS is an intelligent telephone-besed spoken dialyze system providing the infomation about the best route between two sites in Shanghai. Instead of separated parts of speech decoding and language parsing, a close cool,ration is carded out in SHTQS by integrating automatic speech recognizer （AS,R）, language understanding, dialogue management and speech generatot. In such a way, the erroneous analysis and uncertainty happening in the preceding stages would be recovered and determined acourately with high-level knowledge, Moreover, instead of shallow word-level analysis or simply keyword or key phrase matching, a deeper analysis is performed in our system by integrating a robust parser and a semantic interpreter. The robust parser is particularly important for spontanecos speech inputs because most of the inquiry sentences/phrases are ill-formed. In addition, in designinga mixed-initiative dialogue system, understanding users＇ inquiries is essential; however, simply matching keywords and/or key phrases can hardly achieve this. Therefore, a semantic interpreter is incorporated in oar system. The performnce of is also evaluated. The dialogue efficiency is 4.4 sentences per query on an average and the case precision rate of language understanding module is up to 81%. The results are satisfactory.

A Discussion of Foreign Language Listening Problems and Their Causes among Intermediate EFL learners in Chinese universities

Listening has been considered as the most important language skill by many researchers but in Chinese context it has been overlooked for years.The Foreign Language(FL)listening problems gradually reveal when students attend to the Listening Course in universities or colleges.This paper at first illustrates the importance of listening in foreign language learning and provides a discussion on the top-down and bottom-up processes with the analysis of Anderson's three-model of language comprehension[9]as well as the factors affecting listening comprehension in Foreign Language in general,aiming at the illustration of the necessity on one of the bottom-up processes-the Spoken Word Recognition(SWR).The analysis of two issued official guiding documents for Chinese university students and the current situation of English listening teaching in Chinese universities are followed,providing a general background on English listening teaching in Chinese context.Three possible foreign language listening problems and their causes are proposed,followed by the pedagogical suggestions to EFL learners who are improving their listening skills and instructors who are advancing their teaching procedures.

Children’s Learning Mother Tongue Versus Foreign Language Teaching

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Confucian Heritage and Spoken English Anxiety in China

In order to promote learners’spoken English proficiency,a further understanding of the impact of Confucian tradition,as a historically dominant ethical and philosophical system,on learner anxiety and eventually on learning efficiency in a spoken English class is generated,and a theoretical analysis is conducted,from the perspectives of second language acquisition and intercultural communication.Some Confucian values including self-restraint,propriety observation,paying reverence to teachers and face-keeping principle may increase learner anxiety in oral English class,hindering the development of their spoken English proficiency.Accordingly,a set of teaching strategies to help control culture-related anxiety in spoken English class are systematically presented.

联合多意图识别与语义槽填充的双向交互模型

意图识别与语义槽填充是口语理解的两个主要任务,两者具有高度相关性,通常进行联合训练。随着口语理解任务的深入,研究发现用户在现实场景中的话语往往含有多个意图。但部分联合模型只能识别用户话语中的单个意图,未能充分建模多个意图和语义槽之间的关联性。考虑到话语中多个意图的信息可以引导语义槽填充,语义槽信息也可以帮助意图更好的识别,模型采用图注意力网络建立意图和语义槽之间的双向交互。具体的,将两个任务双向关联以便模型能够挖掘多个意图与语义槽之间的关系,同时引入两个任务的标签信息使模型能够学习到话语上下文和标签的关系,从而提高意图识别与语义槽填充的准确率,优化口语理解的整体性能。实验表明,模型在MixATIS和MixSNIPS两个多意图数据集上对比其他模型性能得到了显著提升。

新时代民族地区国家通用语言文字普及工作的推进策略——以四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州为例

党的二十大报告提出了中国式现代化进程中我国经济社会高质量发展的本质要求,明确了新时代语言文字事业主动与国家发展战略对接、深度融入国家发展格局的中心任务。本文围绕国家通用语言文字普及提升与铸牢中华民族共同体意识、民族地区国家通用语言文字能力建设等目标任务,对四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州国家通用语言文字普及的深度和广度、推广的水平和质量开展全面调查,探讨新时代民族地区国家通用语言文字工作进一步拓展深化的推进策略。同时,把握国家通用语言文字普及提升工作的新特点、新规律,为民族地区语言文字治理体系和治理能力现代化提供政策建议。未来,须加强语言文字事业顶层设计,完善普及提升工作管理机制;巩固提升地区推普攻坚水平,助力区域协调发展战略实施;接续实施推普扶智结对帮扶,聚力语言经济发展语言产业;持续推进语言教育体系建设,拓展优质均衡语言教育成果。从而使国家通用语言文字普及提升工程服务民族地区全面建成小康社会、服务国家长治久安大局。