Studies of the Variability of Primary Metabolites in the Epicarp, Mesocarp and Seed of Dacryodes edulis Fruit at Taste Maturity

The fruits of Dacryodes edulis are rich in biologically active substances, which makes them of great interest in terms of validation. In this study, we targeted the primary metabolites in the epicarp, the mesocarp and the seed of the fruit of Dacryodes edulis at taste maturity, which were selected for their nutritional quality and its appreciation throughout the Gulf of Guinea area, which is very popular because of its large size, texture and special taste. The evaluation of total carbohydrates, total lipids and soluble proteins in the epicarp, mesocarp and seed of the fruit at taste maturity was made from spectrophotometer measurements. The overall analysis of the results of the present study shows that total carbohydrates, total lipids and proteins accumulate more in the seed with respectively 251.33 ± 1.15 mg/g DM;9.92 ± 0.201 mg/g DM and 55.075 ± 0.024 mg/g DM. Likewise, the results indicate low concentrations of total carbohydrates and total lipids in the epicarp with respectively 245 ± 1 mg/g DM and 4.77 ± 0.047 mg/g DM, on the other hand, it is the mesocarp which presents the lowest content of soluble proteins: 28.075 ± 3.231 mg/g DM. This variation could be linked to the nature of the compartment, more particularly to the storage location. This comparative study could lead to the valorization of the seed of the fruit of Dacryodes edulis for its richness in metabolites and arouse significant interest in nutrition.

A Proposed Approach for Measuring Maturity Level of Software Delivery

Software delivery is vital for modern organizations, driving innovation and competitiveness. Measuring an organization’s maturity in software delivery is crucial for efficiency and quality. The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) framework provides a roadmap for improvement but assessing an organization’s CMM Level is challenging. This paper offers a quantitative approach tailored to the CMM framework, using Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) frame-works for each key process area (KPA). These frameworks include metrics and questions to compute maturity scores effectively. The study also refines practices into questions for a thorough assessment. The result is an Analysis Matrix that calculates weighted scores and an overall maturity score. This approach helps organizations assess and enhance their software delivery processes systematically, aiming for improved practices and growth.

Correlation analysis of interstitial maturity and prognosis of colorectal cancer:Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between interstitial maturity and prognosis of colorectal cancer.AIM To examine the correlation between interstitial maturity and the prognosis of colorectal cancer.METHODS The paper database PubMed,EMBASE,Cochranelibrary,Springerlink,CNKI,and Wanfang database were searched until December 2023."tumor stroma maturity""desmoplastic stroma reaction""desmoplastic reaction""stroma reaction""degree of stroma reaction""stroma classification""stroma density""colorectal cancer""colon cancer""rectal cancer""prognosis"were searched for the search terms.Two system assessors independently screened the literature quality according to the inclusion exclusion criteria,Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed for the included literatures,and meta-analysis was performed for randomized control trials included at using Review Manager 5.2 software.RESULTS Finally,data of 9849 patients with colorectal cancer from 19 cosets in 15 literatures were included,including 4339 patients with mature type(control group),3048 patients with intermediate type(intermediate group)and 2456 patients with immature type(immature group).The results of meta-analysis showed:Relapse-free survival[hazard ratio(HR)=2.66,95%confidence interval(CI):2.30-3.08;P<0.00001],disease-free survival(HR=3.68,95%CI:2.33-5.81;P<0.00001)and overall survival(HR=1.70,95%CI:1.53-1.87;P<0.00001)were significantly lower than those in mature group(control group);relapse-free survival(HR=1.36,95%CI:1.17-1.59;P<0.0001)and disease-free survival rate(HR=1.85,95%CI:1.53-2.24;P<0.0001)was significantly lower than the mature group(control group).CONCLUSION There is the correlation between tumor interstitial maturity and survival prognosis of colorectal cancer,and different degrees of tumor interstitial maturity have a certain impact on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients.

High-resolution genome-wide association study of a large Czech collection of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) on fruit maturity and quality traits

In sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.),quantitative trait loci have been identified for fruit maturity,colour,firmness,and size to develop markers for marker-assisted selection.However,resolution is usually too low in those analyses to directly target candidate genes,and some associations are missed.In contrast,genome-wide association studies are performed on broad collections of accessions,and assemblies of reference sequences from Tieton and Satonishiki cultivars enable identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms after whole-genome sequencing,providing high marker density.Two hundred and thirty-five sweet cherry accessions were sequenced and phenotyped for harvest time and fruit colour,firmness,and size.Genome-wide association studies were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each trait,which were verified in breeding material consisting of 64 additional accessions.A total of 1767106 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified.At that density,significant single nucleotide polymorphisms could be linked to co-inherited haplotype blocks(median size∼10 kb).Thus,markers were tightly associated with respective phenotypes,and individual allelic combinations of particular single nucleotide polymorphisms provided links to distinct phenotypes.In addition,yellow-fruit accessions were sequenced,and a∼90-kb-deletion on chromosome 3 that included five MYB10 transcription factors was associated with the phenotype.Overall,the study confirmed numerous quantitative trait loci from bi-parental populations using high-diversity accession populations,identified novel associations,and genome-wide association studies reduced the size of trait-associated loci from megabases to kilobases and to a few candidate genes per locus.Thus,a framework is provided to develop molecular markers and evaluate and characterize genes underlying important agronomic traits.

ETL Maturity Model for Data Warehouse Systems:A CMMI Compliant Framework

The effectiveness of the Business Intelligence(BI)system mainly depends on the quality of knowledge it produces.The decision-making process is hindered,and the user’s trust is lost,if the knowledge offered is undesired or of poor quality.A Data Warehouse(DW)is a huge collection of data gathered from many sources and an important part of any BI solution to assist management in making better decisions.The Extract,Transform,and Load(ETL)process is the backbone of a DW system,and it is responsible for moving data from source systems into the DW system.The more mature the ETL process the more reliable the DW system.In this paper,we propose the ETL Maturity Model(EMM)that assists organizations in achieving a high-quality ETL system and thereby enhancing the quality of knowledge produced.The EMM is made up of five levels of maturity i.e.,Chaotic,Acceptable,Stable,Efficient and Reliable.Each level of maturity contains Key Process Areas(KPAs)that have been endorsed by industry experts and include all critical features of a good ETL system.Quality Objectives(QOs)are defined procedures that,when implemented,resulted in a high-quality ETL process.Each KPA has its own set of QOs,the execution of which meets the requirements of that KPA.Multiple brainstorming sessions with relevant industry experts helped to enhance the model.EMMwas deployed in two key projects utilizing multiple case studies to supplement the validation process and support our claim.This model can assist organizations in improving their current ETL process and transforming it into a more mature ETL system.This model can also provide high-quality information to assist users inmaking better decisions and gaining their trust.

Resin composition: An indicator of oil maturity as revealed by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

A pyrolysis experiment was carried out on a Dongying Depression kerogen sample to separate the resin from the oil. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with a positive-ion detector was used to detect the relative proportional changes in the compounds of the resin. During the whole pyrolysis experiment, the relative ratio of resin exceed 10% of the soluble component at each temperature point. Five compounds were detected from the resin: N1, N1O1, N1O_(2), O1, and O_(2). To research the changes in the proportions of the compounds during pyrolysis clearly, these five compounds were divided into three classes: N1, N1Ox, and Ox. The N1 class has the largest proportion in resin at the beginning of the pyrolysis, while Ox class has the least proportion. And the relationship between the number and the molecular mass of three classes compound was researched. With increasing maturity, the proportion of N1 and the N1Ox class decreased rapidly, while the Ox class increased slowly. Through researching these resin compounds, it was found that an inversion in the proportions of above three compounds appeared at the end of the oil window. At the same time, we found that the DBE and carbon number of resin compounds have changed obviously during the pyrolysis: the DBE increased, while the carbon number decreased significantly. And the details of the change of each compound have been researched. This research extends our knowledge of judging the maturity of crude oil during the pyrolysis through the characteristics of compounds in resin and provides the new index based on resin for the evaluation of thermal evolution stage and hydrocarbon generation capacity of source rocks.

Enrichment conditions and distribution characteristics of lacustrine medium-to-high maturity shale oil in China

Successful breakthroughs have been made in shale oil exploration in several lacustrine basins in China,indicating a promising future for shale oil exploration and production.Current exploration results have revealed the following major conditions of lacustrine shale oil accumulation:(1)stable and widely distributed shale with a high organic abundance and appropriate thermal maturity acts as a fundamental basis for shale oil retention.This shale exhibits several critical parameters,such as total organic carbon content greater than 2%,with optimal values ranging from 3% to 4%,kerogen Ⅰ and Ⅱ_(1) as the dominant organic matter types,and vitrinite reflectance(R_(o))values greater than 0.9%(0.8% for brackish water environments).(2)Various types of reservoirs exhibiting brittleness and a certain volume of micro-nanoscale pores are critical conditions for shale oil accumulation,and these reservoirs have porosities greater than 3% to 6%.Moreover,when diagenesis is incipient,pure shales are not favorable for medium-to-high maturity shale oil enrichment,whereas tight sandstone and hybrid rocks with clay content less than 20% are favorable;however,for medium-to-late-stage diagenesis,pure shales with a clay content of 40% are favorable.(3)The retention of a large amount of high-quality hydrocarbons is the factor that best guarantees shale oil accumulation with good mobility.Free hydrocarbon content exceeding a threshold value of 2 mg/g is generally required,and the optimum value is 4 mg/g to 6 mg/g.Moreover,a gas-oil ratio exceeding a threshold value of 80 m^(3)/m^(3) is required,with the optimal value ranging from 150 m^(3)/m^(3) to 300 m^(3)/m^(3).(4)High-quality roof and floor sealing conditions are essential for the shale oil enrichment interval to maintain the overpressure and retain a sufficient amount of hydrocarbons with good quality.Lacustrine shale oil distributions exhibit the following characteristics:(1)major enrichment areas of shale oil are located in semi-deep to deep lacustrine depositional areas with external materials,such as volcanic ash fallout,hydrothermal solutions,and radioactive substances with catalytic action,as inputs;(2)intervals with“four high values and one preservation condition”govern the distribution of shale oil enrichment intervals;and(3)favorable assemblages of lithofacies/lithologies determine the distribution of enrichment area.According to preliminary estimates,China has 131×10^(8) to 163×10^(8) t of total shale oil resources with medium-to-high thermal maturity,among which 67×10^(8) to 84×10^(8) t is commercial.These resources are primarily located in the Chang 7^(1+2) interval in the Ordos Basin,Qing 1+2 members in Gulong sag in the Songliao Basin,Kongdian and Shahejie formations of Cangdong sag,Qikou sag and the Jiyang depression in the Bohai Bay Basin,and Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin.

Lamellar Bodies Count (LBC) as a Predictor of Fetal Lung Maturity in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Compared to Neonatal Assessment

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 1% of all live births and 10% of all preterm infants. Lamellar bodies represent a storage form of pulmonary surfactant within Type II pneumocytes, secretion of which increases with advancing gestational age, thus enabling prediction of the degree of FLM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates approximately 1/3 of all preterm births. Birth within 1 week is the most likely outcome for any patient with PPROM in the absence of adjunctive treatments. Respiratory distress has been reported to be the most common complication of preterm birth. Sepsis, intraventricular haemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis also are associated with prematurity, but these are less common near to term. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in the emergency ward from January 2019 to September 2019. It included 106 women with singleton pregnancies, gestational age from 28 - 36 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membranes. This study is designed to assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting (LBC) from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Results: The current study revealed a highly significant increase in the lamellar body count in cases giving birth to neonates without RDS compared to that cases giving birth to neonates with RDS. Also, no statistically significant difference between LBC and age, parity and number of previous miscarriages in the mother was found. Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower among cases with respiratory distress. Steroid administration was significantly less frequent among cases with respiratory distress. However, lamellar bodies had high diagnostic performance in the prediction of respiratory distress. Conclusion: Lamellar body count (LBC) is an effective, safe, easy, and cost-effective method to assess fetal lung maturity (FLM). It does not need a highly equipped laboratory or specially trained personnel, it just needs the conventional blood count analyzer. Measurement of LBC is now replacing the conventional Lecithin/Sphyngomyelin L/S ratio. LBC cut-off value of ≤42.5 × 103/μL can be used safely to decide fetal lung maturity with sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 97.6%.

Feasibility study of assessing cotton fiber maturity from near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique

Background Fiber maturity is a key cotton quality property,and its variability in a sample impacts fiber processing and dyeing performance.Currently,the maturity is determined by using established protocols in laboratories under a controlled environment.There is an increasing need to measure fiber maturity using low-cost(in general less than $20000)and small portable systems.In this study,a laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the ability of the shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging(SWIR HSI)technique for determining the conditioned fiber maturity,and as a comparison,a bench-top commercial and expensive(in general greater than $60000)near infrared(NIR)instrument was used.Results Although SWIR HSI and NIR represent different measurement technologies,consistent spectral characteristics were observed between the two instruments when they were used to measure the maturity of the locule fiber samples in seed cotton and of the well-defined fiber samples,respectively.Partial least squares(PLS)models were established using different spectral preprocessing parameters to predict fiber maturity.The high prediction precision was observed by a lower root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)(<0.046),higher R_(p)^(2)(>0.518),and greater percentage(97.0%)of samples within the 95% agreement range in the entire NIR region(1000-2500 nm)without the moisture band at 1940 nm.Conclusion SWIR HSI has a good potential for assessing cotton fiber maturity in a laboratory environment.

荷斯坦奶牛初乳与常乳代谢物差异分析

【目的】基于非靶向代谢组学技术,对荷斯坦奶牛初乳和常乳中的代谢物进行鉴定与分析。【方法】选择年龄、体况及预产期相近、胎次相同的健康围产期经产荷斯坦奶牛12头,分别于分娩后1 h和21 d采集乳汁,离心并收集乳清,依次记为初乳组(C_0)和常乳组(C_21)。采用代谢组学技术对初乳组和常乳组乳清进行分析,结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和学生t检验,以变量投影重要度(variable importance in the projection,VIP)>1,P<0.05为标准筛选差异代谢物,并对筛选出的差异代谢物进行聚类分析、显著差异代谢物筛选和KEGG通路分析。【结果】在荷斯坦奶牛初乳组(C_0)和常乳组(C_21)共筛选到97种差异代谢物,通过聚类热图可以看出,大多数代谢物在初乳组的含量高于常乳组;差异代谢物随机森林图显示,排名靠前的9种显著差异代谢物分别为乌头酸、柠康酸、龙胆酸、泛酸、牛磺酸、氧戊二酸、柠檬酸、6’唾液酸乳糖和精胺。KEGG通路富集分析显示,8条主要的代谢通路分别为酮体的合成与降解、牛磺酸与次黄嘌呤代谢、丙酮酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、嘧啶代谢、氨基糖与核苷酸糖代谢、三羧酸循环和丁酸代谢。【结论】荷斯坦奶牛初乳中脂质、氨基酸和核苷酸代谢物的含量高于常乳,而常乳中糖类代谢物含量高于初乳,初乳与常乳中代谢物水平的差异为后续代谢物机制的研究奠定了理论基础。

福红李三个成熟阶段果实营养品质与香气特征分析

为明确福红李果实成熟期营养品质与香气特征,本研究采用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)和气相色谱离子迁移谱联用仪(GC-IMS)分析了福红李三个成熟阶段果肉中糖类、有机酸、氨基酸和挥发性成分的组成和含量。结果表明,蔗糖是福红李中的主要糖类,占可溶性糖总量高达49.28%,其次是葡萄糖和果糖;苹果酸是主要的有机酸,占有机酸总量高达88.76%,其余有机酸含量均较低;福红李可溶性糖、蔗糖含量和糖酸比随着果实成熟不断积累。福红李中9种非必需氨基酸和7种必需氨基酸含量范围分别为11.58~357.47、55.59~176.63μg·g^(-1),其中,在必需氨基酸中,含量最高的是亮氨酸,其次是赖氨酸和苏氨酸,含量最低的是蛋氨酸,大部分氨基酸主要在成熟后期即花后140 d和花后150 d积累得更多。福红李的主要挥发性成分是醛类、酯类和醇类等,己醛和2-己烯-1-醇峰强度较高,挥发性成分在三个成熟阶段存在差异。本研究初步分析了福红李主要品质成分及成熟阶段变化规律,可为李优质育种提供理论依据。

南疆地区复种早熟粮饲兼用玉米叶绿素荧光特征分析

【目的】为明确南疆地区复种早熟粮饲兼用玉米品种最佳种植密度以及不同密度下叶绿素荧光特征参数变化规律及其与产量形成的关系,为南疆地区复播玉米种植技术的提升提供参考依据。【方法】以自育早熟粮饲兼用玉米杂交新品种XL1822和XL1903为材料,设置高、低两种密度(9.00×10^(4)和11.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)),研究两个玉米品种高、低密度下叶片叶绿素荧光特征参数、主要农艺性状、干物质积累及产量结构等的差异。【结果】XL1822低密度处理在拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期叶片实际光量子产量[Y(Ⅱ)]、光化学淬灭系数(qL)、PSⅡ反应中心活性较高;XL1903高密度处理在拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期叶片Y(Ⅱ)、qL较高。XL1822低密度处理在吐丝期、灌浆期、成熟期叶片SPAD值略高于高密度。XL1903高密度处理全生育期叶片的SPAD值较高。XL1822低密度籽率产量为9250 kg/hm^(2)、干物质积累量为15590 kg/hm^(2),显著高于高密度处理。XL1903高密度籽率产量为9065 kg/hm^(2)、干物质积累量为19095 kg/hm^(2),显著高于低密度处理。【结论】较高的叶绿素荧光特征参数和SAPD值为玉米产量形成和干物质积累奠定基础。极早熟品种XL1822低密度处理、早熟玉米品种XL1903高密度处理在关键生育时期植株Y(Ⅱ)、qL、PSⅡ反应中心活性较高,因此XL1822种植密度为9×10^(4)株/hm^(2),XL1903种植密度为11.25×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时在南疆地区可获得较高产量。

中熟杏新品种国锦的选育

国锦是以中国地方品种串枝红为母本、国外育成品种金太阳为父本人工杂交选育而成的中熟杏新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量112.0 g,大果质量138.2 g;果顶平或微凹,梗洼浅而广,缝合线中深;果皮底色橙色,果实盖色红色;果肉橙色,硬溶质,风味浓郁、酸甜适中,品质上;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为13.6%,可溶性糖含量为9.4%,可滴定酸含量为1.3%,维生素C含量为6.4 mg·100 g^(-1),硬度为2.0 kg·cm^(-2),常温下可贮藏5~7 d。在辽宁省熊岳地区4月上旬开花,6月下旬果实成熟,果实发育期75 d左右。以短果枝结果为主,萌芽率55.7%,成枝力弱。中抗细菌性穿孔病和流胶病,抗寒性强。适宜在辽宁以南的全国杏产区栽培,早期丰产性好,4年生树进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量可达2398kg,连续丰产能力强。

基于改进YOLOv7的油茶果实成熟度检测

为确保油茶果实处于最佳成熟度进行采摘,提高油茶果实的出油率及茶油品质,该研究针对自然环境下油茶果实多被遮挡的问题,以原始YOLOv7模型为基础进行改进,提出一种油茶果实成熟度检测方法。首先,在主干网络中引入十字交叉注意力机制(criss-cross attention,CCA)加强对被枝叶遮挡果实成熟度特征的提取能力;其次,使用基于距离和交并比的非极大值抑制(distance-iou non-maximum suppression,DIoU-NMS)算法代替传统非极大值抑制(nonmaximum suppression,NMS)算法,从而加强模型对相互遮挡果实的检测能力;最后,以训练集中3 098张油茶果实图像训练改进的YOLOv7模型,验证集中442张图像用于在训练过程中评估模型,并对测试集中885张图像进行测试。改进后的YOLOv7模型在测试集下的精确率P为93.52%,召回率R为90.25%,F1分数为91.86%,平均精度均值mAP为94.60%,平均检测时间为0.77 s,模型权重大小为82.6 M。与Faster R-CNN、EfficientDet、YOLOv3、YOLOv5l和原始YOLOv7模型相比,平均精度均值mAP分别提升7.51、5.89、4.21、4.21和2.91个百分点。试验证明,改进的YOLOv7模型为实现油茶果实的智能化采摘提供理论依据。

播期对不同熟期组大豆品质的影响

为明确不同播期对大豆品质的影响,本研究以东北地区不同熟期组(早、中、晚)的20个大豆品种为试材,探讨了不同播期(5月13日、5月23日、6月2日、6月12日和6月22日)条件下大豆蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、蛋脂总量等品质指标的变化规律。结果表明:整体而言,播期推迟在10 d以内,对大豆品质影响较小,推迟10~20 d,对蛋白质含量的影响大于对脂肪含量影响,推迟20 d以上,各项品质指标与第1期差异达到显著或极显著水平,推迟40 d时,蛋白质含量和脂肪含量均极显著下降,达到最低值。本研究进一步分析了不同熟期组大豆品质对播期推迟的响应。结果表明:大豆品质指标随播期推迟而变化的趋势与品种的生育日数(即熟期)密切相关,不同熟期组间存在较大差异,播期推迟越晚导致早熟组大豆平均蛋白质含量降低的幅度越大,第3期(6月2日)及以后各期蛋白质含量较第1期(5月13日)下降达到显著、极显著水平,中熟组和晚熟组大豆的蛋白质含量分别在6月2日和6月12日前,差异不显著;晚熟组大豆脂肪含量随播期推迟显著下降,且下降幅度逐渐扩大,早熟组和中熟组大豆的脂肪含量分别在6月2日和6月12日下降未达显著水平;不同熟期组的大豆蛋脂总量总体上随播期的推迟而下降,其下降趋势与蛋白质含量的变化规律基本一致,即早熟组大豆在晚播10 d以上时,蛋脂总量显著下降,而中熟组、晚熟组大豆蛋脂总量分别在6月12日和6月2日播种,蛋脂总量相对稳定;不同熟期组大豆晚播30 d以上时,各项品质指标均会出现严重下降。本研究为沈阳地区晚播大豆的品质预测提供重要参考依据。

成熟恒牙牙髓切断术的疗效及影像学评价

目的:观察不同年龄患者牙髓切断术的临床疗效,探讨牙髓钙化发生的情况和特点。方法:选择2019年10月到2022年8月就诊于北京大学口腔医院综合科龋源性露髓的成年恒前磨牙、恒磨牙行牙髓切断术的患者共77例,使用iRoot BP Plus生物陶瓷类材料作为盖髓剂,一次法完成牙髓切断术。将患者按年龄分为3组,青少年组(11~20岁)25例,平均年龄(15.88±2.19)岁;中年组(21~50岁)27例,平均年龄(34.59±8.67)岁;老年组(51~83岁)25例,平均年龄(63.84±7.40)岁。术后1年复查,评价临床疗效,记录钙化桥形成、钙化桥厚度,以及牙髓钙化指数(pulp calcification index,PCI)。结果:3组患者在性别、牙列及牙位分布上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年随访率为85.71%(66/77),其中青少年组随访率为88.00%(22/25),中年组随访率为85.19%(23/27),老年组随访率为84.00%(21/25)。3组病例1年复查临床成功率分别为95.45%(21/22)、91.30%(21/23)、95.24%(20/21),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床成功病例中,钙化桥出现率青少年组12例(57.14%,12/21),中年组8例(38.10%,8/21),老年组3例(15.00%,3/20),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.810,P=0.020<0.05)。3组间钙化桥厚度比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.434,P=0.020<0.05)。钙化桥厚度与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.516,P<0.05)。3组间PCI变化(ΔPCI)分别为0.67±0.58、0.43±0.51、0.25±0.52,差异有统计学意义(F=3.404,P=0.040<0.05)。结论:老年患者龋源性露髓牙髓切断术同样能够获得较高的成功率;牙髓切断术后钙化桥的发生率以及牙髓钙化的加速程度与年龄相关;青少年组更易形成钙化桥,同时也出现更明显的根管钙化加速现象。

中晚熟甜樱桃新品种福阳的选育

福阳是由黑珍珠×(萨米脱+先锋)杂交选育出的中晚熟甜樱桃新品种。果实心脏形,果皮紫黑色、有光泽,果顶稍凹陷,果肉、果汁深红色;果肉脆硬,味甜。平均单果质量9.7 g,最大单果质量14.1 g;果柄中短,柄长3.45 cm;核小,果实可食率94.6%。果肉可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)18.7%,总糖含量11.62%,总酸含量0.61%;鲜食品质上。果实在鲜红至紫红色时,口感即好,挂果时间长。果实生育期55 d左右,烟台地区6月上中旬成熟;树势健壮,萌芽率高(98.2%),成枝力强,成花易。福阳耐贮运,早实、丰产、稳产,4年生树每666.7 m^(2)产量268 kg,综合性状优良。适宜在山东省甜樱桃适栽区推广种植。

不同热解温度稻壳生物炭对羊粪堆肥腐熟度及温室气体排放的影响

为优化羊粪堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排协同的技术工艺参数,以2种不同热解温度制备的稻壳生物炭为堆肥辅料,与羊粪、食用菌渣混合,进行了43 d的堆肥试验。设置了3个处理,羊粪与食用菌渣质量比9∶1混合体作为预备物料,在预备物料上分别添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物炭(占预备物料质量百分比15%)为BC450、BC650处理,在预备物料上添加未热解炭化的稻壳(与稻壳生物炭同等体积)为CK处理。监测了堆肥温度、腐熟度指标(NH_(4)^(+)-N/NO_(3)^(-)-N、EC值、种子发芽指数)、温室气体(CH_(4)、CO_(2)、N_(2)O)排放的变化动态,分析了不同热解温度稻壳生物炭对堆肥腐熟度与温室气体减排的协同效果。结果表明:添加450、650℃热解的稻壳生物炭,缩短了堆肥体NH_(4)^(+)-N/NO_(3)^(-)-N、T值、EC值及种子发芽指数达到腐熟度推荐值的所需时间,与CK处理相比,BC450、BC650处理的腐熟周期分别缩短了15.0%、32.5%;羊粪堆置43 d后,BC450、BC650处理的综合温室效应较CK处理分别显著降低了6.56%、24.36%,且BC650处理综合温室效应比BC450处理显著降低了19.05%(P<0.05);添加稻壳生物炭对羊粪堆肥腐熟度及温室气体减排具有协同促进作用,建议优选650℃制备的稻壳生物炭。

早熟离核油桃优系“4-24-1”选育初报

“4-24-1”桃是以“丰光”为母本,“070507(天仙红×中油5号)”为父本杂交选育成的早熟离核油桃优系。该优系树势中庸,树姿较开张,在武汉地区3月上中旬开花,6月上旬果实成熟,平均单果质量81.64 g,最大130 g;果实近圆形,果底白,果面光滑无毛,红色,果肉白色;果肉脆,离核,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量12%~14%,可滴定酸0.16%~0.29%,果实品质优。丰产稳产性好,平均产量30.0 t/hm^(2)以上。

早熟优质李新品种吉早丰的选育

吉早丰李是以吉红为母本、88-5-14为父本人工杂交育出的早熟李品种。果实椭圆形,离核,平均单果质量45g,果实较对称,底色黄绿色,部分着紫红色,果肉黄色,肉质松软,汁液含量多,味酸甜,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)平均为16.6%,可滴定酸含量为0.92%、可溶性糖含量为9.19%。公主岭地区4月下旬开花,7月下旬果实成熟,10月下旬落叶。树体生长势中等,树姿半开张,抗寒性强,可在吉林省无霜期≥130d、≥10℃有效积温2800℃以上的地区引种或试栽。