Topographic tear film trend and new parameters for noninvasive break up time test

AIM:To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative results of the noninvasive tear film break-up time(NI-BUT)test and investigate the predictive ability of the new NIBUT parameter in discriminating between normal Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI;scores≤12)and abnormal OSDI(scores≥13).METHODS:A total of 341 eyes of 341 volunteers who applied for routine eye outpatient control were included in the prospective study.All participants'noninvasive first tear film break-up time(NIF-BUT),noninvasive average tear film break-up time(NIAvg-BUT)and average value of the first three break-up time(A3F-BUT)were analyzed.A3F-BUT,the new NI-BUT parameter,is calculated by adding the NIF-BUT value to the 2^(nd )break-up time value that has a difference of at most 1 second from the NIF-BUT value and to the 3^(rd) break-up time and then dividing the respective sum by 3.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and forward logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the parameter that had the best predictive ability between the OSDI groups.RESULTS:The NI-BUT values of 255 eyes of 255 volunteers included in the study were analyzed statistically.The mean NIF-BUT,NIAvg-BUT,and A3F-BUT values were calculated as 5.3±3.0,8±3.1,and 5.8±3.0 seconds,respectively.All three parameters were found to be significantly lower in the abnormal OSDI group(P=0.014,0.034,and 0.011,respectively).The area under the curve(AUC)of the A3F-BUT to predict abnormal OSDI was AUC=0.625(0.529-0.720),P=0.011 and NIF-BUT was AUC=0.599(0.502-0.696),P=0.043.The A3F-BUT parameter and NIF-BUT parameters were found to be significantly efficient in discriminating abnormal OSDI.CONCLUSION:The new parameter for the NI-BUT test has more predictive ability in the discrimination of OSDI groups.

干眼患者基于泪膜动态变化的图像特征分析

目的:探讨干眼患者角膜荧光素染色后泪膜破裂动态变化和泪膜脂质层动态变化的图像特征及其对干眼的诊断价值。方法:前瞻性研究。选取我院2019-09/2020-12收治的干眼患者66例132眼,根据荧光素染色后泪膜破裂形态的不同分为片状破裂组(17例28眼)、类圆形破裂组(20例27眼)、线状破裂组(25例28眼)、点状破裂组(21例24眼)和不规则破裂组(20例25眼),比较各组患者泪膜破裂动态变化图像特征、泪膜脂质层动态变化图像特征及泪膜首次破裂时间(NIBUTf)、泪膜平均破裂时间(NIBUTav)、泪河高度(TMH)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分的差异。结果:各组患者NIBUTf有差异(P<0.001),除点状破裂组和不规则破裂组间无差异(7.56±1.54s vs 8.02±1.86s,P=0.881),其余各组两两比较均有差异(P<0.05)。各组间NIBUTav有差异(P<0.001),除点状破裂组和不规则破裂组间无差异(9.54±2.12s vs 9.73±1.94s,P=0.997),其余各组两两比较均有差异(P<0.05)。各组间TMH比较有差异(P<0.001),除类圆形破裂组和线状破裂组间无差异(0.16±0.03mm vs 0.17±0.03mm,P=0.986)、点状破裂组和不规则破裂组间无差异(0.22±0.03mm vs 0.21±0.05mm,P=0.993),其余各组两两比较均有差异(P<0.05)。各组患者FL评分和泪膜脂质层分级均有差异(P<0.001)。结论:通过分析荧光素染色泪膜破裂的动态图像和脂质层扩散的动态图像特征,并结合其他泪膜静态检查参数,发现不同荧光素染色泪膜破裂形态可以直观反映干眼患者泪膜各层结构的变化,有助于临床医生识别干眼亚型,这对于干眼的诊断和分类具有潜在的临床价值。

基于泪膜破裂方式的干眼诊断新思路

泪膜的不同组成成分通过相互作用共同维持眼球表面的湿润,从而维持眼部健康。当这些组成成分出现病理性改变,将会不同程度的影响泪膜稳态,从而导致干眼的发生。而瞬目运动一定程度上影响着泪膜组成成分的分布,随着对干眼相关机制研究的逐步深入,以泪膜为导向的诊断(tearfilm-oriented diagnosis,TFOD)的新概念被提出,并被逐渐被接受。我们可以通过泪膜破裂方式来确定眼球表面所缺乏的组成成分,并在此基础上对干眼进行诊断,从而定向补充泪膜缺失成分,重新恢复泪膜稳态。本文将着重分析瞬目、泪膜形成及泪膜破裂机制之间的关系,从而进一步明确泪膜定向诊断的新概念及发展方向。

Ocular surface changes in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To detect and analyze the changes on ocular surface and tear function in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy(DR), using conventional ophthalmic tests and the high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy.METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with type II diabetes were selected. Based on the diagnostic criteria and stage classification of DR, the patients were divided into the non-DR(NDR) group and the PDR group. Thirty-six patients with cataract but no other ocular and systemic disease were included as non-diabetic controls. All the patients were subjected to the conventional clinical tests of corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and corneal fluorescein staining. The non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT) and tear interferometry were conducted by a Tearscope Plus. The morphology of corneal epithelia and nerve fibers was examined using the high-resolution confocal microscopy.RESULTS: The NDR group exhibited significantly declined corneal sensitivity and Schirmer I test value, as compared to the non-diabetic controls(P 【0.001). The PDR group showed significantly reduced corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test value, and NIBUT in comparison to the non-diabetic controls(P 【0.001).Corneal fluorescein staining revealed the progressively injured corneal epithelia in the PDR patients. Moreover,significant decrease in the corneal epithelial density andmorphological abnormalities in the corneal epithelia and nerve fibers were also observed in the PDR patients.CONCLUSION: Ocular surface changes, including blunted corneal sensitivity, reduced tear secretion, tear film dysfunction, progressive loss of corneal epithelia and degeneration of nerve fibers, are common in type II diabetic patients, particularly in the diabetic patients with PDR. The corneal sensitivity, fluorescein staining scores,and the density of corneal epithelial cells and nerve fibers in the diabetic patients correlate with the duration of diabetes. Therefore, ocular surface of the patients with PDR should be examined regularly by conventional approaches and confocal microscopy to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of keratopathy.

泪液成分异常与不同泪膜破裂方式的研究进展

泪膜是覆盖于眼球表面的一层液体薄膜,从内而外分为黏液层、水液层和脂质层,每层成分的改变都会导致泪膜不稳定,进而导致干眼的发生。在研究泪膜破裂方式及相关泪液成分改变的基础上,学者Yokoi及其团队分别在2012年和2013年提出了有关干眼治疗和诊断的新概念,称为泪膜导向治疗(tear film-oriented therapy,TFOT)和泪膜导向诊断(tear film-oriented diagnosis,TFOD),就是根据泪膜破裂模式(tear film break-up pattern,TFBUP)的不同,推断出相应的泪膜成分改变,补充不足的泪膜成分,这种诊疗方法目前正逐渐被接受。本文对不同泪膜破裂方式与泪膜成分改变的关系做了汇总分析,旨在为干眼的诊断和治疗提供更为科学实用的指导方案。