Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the...Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.展开更多
Peanut is a main industrial crop in the eastern Henan region. Its benefits directly affect the economic income of local farmers. Therefore, scientific cultivation of peanuts is an important way to increase farmers'...Peanut is a main industrial crop in the eastern Henan region. Its benefits directly affect the economic income of local farmers. Therefore, scientific cultivation of peanuts is an important way to increase farmers' income in the eastern Henan region. This paper firstly introduced the key techniques for precise and quantitative, stable and high yield cultivation of peanuts in the eastern Henan region. From the field selection, scientific seed selection, precise quantitative sowing, fertilizer and water management, chemical control technologies, prevention and control of pests and diseases, and timely harvesting, it made an in-depth analysis. It is expected to provide data references for further improvement of stale and high yield cultivation technical system, and provide technical guidance for raising the peanut planting level of peanut growers.展开更多
<span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this paper, it was introduced that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;&...<span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this paper, it was introduced that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a traditional dual-</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">use edible and medicine crops in China, and the nutritional components and medicinal value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were described. Based on the published literature at home and abroad, a variety of chemical components found in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and their medicinal effects were reviewed. At the same time,</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the problems existing in the production of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were put forward. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the nutritional and health care value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has been paid more and more attention.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The problems of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in production were analyzed.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Some biological characteristics of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, especially its hygrophyte characteristics, were re-recognized, which is very important to increase the yield of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. In the paper, the key cultivation techniques for high and stable yield of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were also summarized. In order to obtain high quality, high and stable yield, we should adopt the new technical methods of “two wet, two dry and two water” in water management. At </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">same time, if artificial pollination is applied in the peak of flowering period, the seed setting rate and the yield will be increased.</span>展开更多
High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization comb...High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization combined with paired test cross, the fertility, yield and oil content of the three lines of cytoplasmic male sterility have been improved and a new hybrid variety Zhongyouza 8 with high oil yield was developed. It has been testified that the yield of Zhongyouza 8 was significantly higher than that of the control variety Zhongyou 821 with 9.82 and 10.64% increase in the regional trials of Hubei Province and nationwide, respectively. The oil content and oil yield of Zhongyouza 8 were the highest among all the lines involved in Hubei provincial trials, being 42.77% and 1 051.05 kg ha^-1 which was raised by 3% and 161.25 kg ha^-1 compared to the control Zhongyou 821, respectively. The genetic basis for the strong heterosis, and the factors contributing to the yield and oil content increase of Zhongyouza 8 as well as the strategy for high oil yielding variety improvement through increasing seed size were also discussed in this paper.展开更多
Groundnut,also known as peanut,has high economic and medicinal value. A member of the legume crops,it is rich in various nutrients and is one of the main oil crops for processing high-quality edible oil. Compared with...Groundnut,also known as peanut,has high economic and medicinal value. A member of the legume crops,it is rich in various nutrients and is one of the main oil crops for processing high-quality edible oil. Compared with other cash crops,planting peanuts can bring greater economic benefits to farmers. In this paper,we summarized techniques of cultivating spring peanut in open fields for years,and explored the problems and difficulties in the cultivation management process,in order to provide technical guidance for the farmers to carry out high-yield spring peanut production.展开更多
The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using ...The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using less or even no fertilizers or pesticides,greatly reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution,thus achieving the " multiple use of water,multiple harvests in one field,grain and fishing winwin,ecological and high efficient use. " In this paper,the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice under the rice-fish intergrowth model in Chengdu was introduced from the aspects of selecting good paddy fields for fishing,using appropriate rice varieties,soaking disinfection,timely sowing and nurturing strong seedlings,reasonable close planting,reasonable fertilization,scientific water management,scientific pest control and rice harvests.展开更多
The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) dev...The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.展开更多
In main foxtail millet growing regions of China, natural disasters happen frequently, causing losses in production and finance. Therefore, it is urgently needed to breed new superior quality foxtail millet varieties w...In main foxtail millet growing regions of China, natural disasters happen frequently, causing losses in production and finance. Therefore, it is urgently needed to breed new superior quality foxtail millet varieties with stress resistance, stable and high production, and, so as to stabilize millet production and promote millet industry development. Jigu32, a new foxtail millet variety with stable, high-yield and superior qualities, was developed using Target Character Gene Bank breeding method, and its physiological mechanism was studied as well. Results showed that the prominent characteristics of Jigu32 were as follows: 1) strong stress resistance and stable yielding;2) high yielding;3) rich calcium content and superior qualities;4) excellent comprehensive characteristics. In 2010 National Foxtail Millet Regional Trials, the weather was tough. Severe drought occurred in some experimental stations while in some others, continuous rain, low temperature and little sunlight appeared. However, with the outstanding stress resistance, Jigu32 achieved the highest yields, and the yields were very stable under different conditions. Per unit yield of Jigu32 reached to5133.3 kg/hm2, which was the highest in the trials, increasing 9.42% compared with the controls. Calcium content of Jigu32 was 121 mg/kg in the grain, and the taste, nutrition and commodity qualities were optimal. Therefore, Jigu32 was rated as the national secondary superior quality foxtail millet. The study showed that the physiological mechanism of Jigu32’s merits was based on the improved activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH), and on its higher absorption ability and conversion efficiency of N, P, K. POD, SOD and G6PDH of Jigu32 were more active in each development phase, leading to higher resistance to adversity and aging;glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Jigu32 were more active, resulting in higher assimilation and transformation ability of nutrients. It is of great significance to promote the development of Jigu32, and it will be beneficial to sustainable, stable agricultural development, and thus orderly and stably boost the development of the millet industry in our country. The research on its physiological mechanism of stable and high yielding will provide theoretical support while breeding new stable and high-yield foxtail millet varieties later.展开更多
Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)belonging to the family Solanaceae is the second most consumed and cultivated vegetable globally.Since the ancient time of its domestication,thousands of cultivated tomato varieties have...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)belonging to the family Solanaceae is the second most consumed and cultivated vegetable globally.Since the ancient time of its domestication,thousands of cultivated tomato varieties have been developed targeting an array of aspects.Among which breeding for yield and yield-related traits are mostly focused.Cultivated tomato is extremely genetically poor and hence it is a victim for several biotic and abiotic stresses.Among the biotic stresses,the impact of viral diseases is critical all over tomato cultivating areas.Improvement of tomato still largely rely on conventional methods worldwide while molecular approaches,particularly Marker Assisted Selection(MAS)has become popular across the globe as a fast,low cost and precise tool which is essential in present day plant breeding.In this review paper,breeding tomato for high yield and viral disease resistance,particularly to tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease(TYLCVD)using conventional and molecular approaches will be discussed.Lining up of this set of information will be useful to those who are interested in tomato variety development with high yielding and TYLCVD resistance.展开更多
Based on the traditional way of abalone breeding,the technological process of industrial abalone breeding suitable for the coastal areas of southern China has been developed.The process is simple and easy to handle,an...Based on the traditional way of abalone breeding,the technological process of industrial abalone breeding suitable for the coastal areas of southern China has been developed.The process is simple and easy to handle,and results in a high yield of young abalones after being applied.展开更多
Grain number per spike (GNPS) is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. The development of high GNPS germplasm is widely emphasized in wheat-yield breeding. This paper reported two high GNPS wheat germplasm lines, ...Grain number per spike (GNPS) is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. The development of high GNPS germplasm is widely emphasized in wheat-yield breeding. This paper reported two high GNPS wheat germplasm lines, Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504, which had a stable and wide adaptability to different ecological regions. By exploring a nested cross design with reciprocals using Pubing 3228 or Pubing 3504 as a common parent and investigating the GNPS phenotypes of F1 hybrids in 2007-2008 and F2 populations in 2008-2009 of different cross combinations, the narrow-sense GNPS heritability was up to 49.58 and 52.23%, respectively. Genetic model analysis predictions suggested that GNPS in Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504 was mainly controlled by additive genetic effects. Correlation analysis results between GNPS and 1 000- kernel weight (TKW) of F2 populations showed that TKW was not influenced with the increase of GNPS. The good coordination among three yield components of spike number per plant (SNPP), GNPS, and TKW in the F2 segregating population implied that selection of good candidate individuals in breeding programs would be relatively straightforward. Overall, our results indicated that Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504 are two potential germplasm lines for yield improvement of GNPS in pedigree selection of wheat breeding.展开更多
Using 18 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, the photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate's accumulation and transformation in heavy panicle type of rice(HPT)were studied. The results showed ...Using 18 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, the photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate's accumulation and transformation in heavy panicle type of rice(HPT)were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf in HPT after heading was obviously higher than that in medium panicle type(MPT)and light panicle type(LPT). The reason for the high net photosynthetic rate in HPT was the increase of Rubisco activities and chlorophyll content, and keeping high assimilate ability to CO2 under high and low light intensity, high temperature and low CO2 content, and light midday depression and wide adaptability to environmental conditions. The high net photosynthetic rate of HPT might be also the results of its excellent stomatal characteristics and higher total quantity of stomatal opening degrees(stomatal density X stomatal opening degrees). There was a large amount of dry matter production after heading and obvious high assimilate's transformation to panicle in HPT.展开更多
Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis t...Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis time,and C84,an indica-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility.This combination has the advantages of high yield potential,early maturity,excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and wide adaptability.It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in June,2018.The breeding process,main characteristics,cultivation techniques and seed production points of the combination were introduced.展开更多
A new breeding program"Creating new middle breedingmaterials by utilizing new techniques",cooperated byChina National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI)andJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sc...A new breeding program"Creating new middle breedingmaterials by utilizing new techniques",cooperated byChina National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI)andJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sci-ence(JIRCAS)",started in Hangzhou,China in 1999.展开更多
基金Supported by Agricultural Improved Variety Engineering Project of Shandong Province"Research on Super Wheat Breeding Technology"(LNLZ[2011]7,[2012]213)National Key Project for the Cultivation of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"Breeding of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"(2013ZX08002-003)Science and Technology Innovation Major Project of Tai an City"Breeding and Application of Breakthrough Wheat Varieties with High Yield,Wide Adaptability and Good Quality"(2022NYLZ06).
文摘Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(161100111000)Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Henan Province(SPAD012-05-G01)
文摘Peanut is a main industrial crop in the eastern Henan region. Its benefits directly affect the economic income of local farmers. Therefore, scientific cultivation of peanuts is an important way to increase farmers' income in the eastern Henan region. This paper firstly introduced the key techniques for precise and quantitative, stable and high yield cultivation of peanuts in the eastern Henan region. From the field selection, scientific seed selection, precise quantitative sowing, fertilizer and water management, chemical control technologies, prevention and control of pests and diseases, and timely harvesting, it made an in-depth analysis. It is expected to provide data references for further improvement of stale and high yield cultivation technical system, and provide technical guidance for raising the peanut planting level of peanut growers.
文摘<span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this paper, it was introduced that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a traditional dual-</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">use edible and medicine crops in China, and the nutritional components and medicinal value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were described. Based on the published literature at home and abroad, a variety of chemical components found in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and their medicinal effects were reviewed. At the same time,</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the problems existing in the production of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were put forward. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the nutritional and health care value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has been paid more and more attention.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The problems of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in production were analyzed.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Some biological characteristics of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, especially its hygrophyte characteristics, were re-recognized, which is very important to increase the yield of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. In the paper, the key cultivation techniques for high and stable yield of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Coix lacryma-jobi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were also summarized. In order to obtain high quality, high and stable yield, we should adopt the new technical methods of “two wet, two dry and two water” in water management. At </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">same time, if artificial pollination is applied in the peak of flowering period, the seed setting rate and the yield will be increased.</span>
文摘High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization combined with paired test cross, the fertility, yield and oil content of the three lines of cytoplasmic male sterility have been improved and a new hybrid variety Zhongyouza 8 with high oil yield was developed. It has been testified that the yield of Zhongyouza 8 was significantly higher than that of the control variety Zhongyou 821 with 9.82 and 10.64% increase in the regional trials of Hubei Province and nationwide, respectively. The oil content and oil yield of Zhongyouza 8 were the highest among all the lines involved in Hubei provincial trials, being 42.77% and 1 051.05 kg ha^-1 which was raised by 3% and 161.25 kg ha^-1 compared to the control Zhongyou 821, respectively. The genetic basis for the strong heterosis, and the factors contributing to the yield and oil content increase of Zhongyouza 8 as well as the strategy for high oil yielding variety improvement through increasing seed size were also discussed in this paper.
基金Supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(16100111000)the Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Henan Province(SPAD012-05-G01)
文摘Groundnut,also known as peanut,has high economic and medicinal value. A member of the legume crops,it is rich in various nutrients and is one of the main oil crops for processing high-quality edible oil. Compared with other cash crops,planting peanuts can bring greater economic benefits to farmers. In this paper,we summarized techniques of cultivating spring peanut in open fields for years,and explored the problems and difficulties in the cultivation management process,in order to provide technical guidance for the farmers to carry out high-yield spring peanut production.
文摘The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using less or even no fertilizers or pesticides,greatly reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution,thus achieving the " multiple use of water,multiple harvests in one field,grain and fishing winwin,ecological and high efficient use. " In this paper,the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice under the rice-fish intergrowth model in Chengdu was introduced from the aspects of selecting good paddy fields for fishing,using appropriate rice varieties,soaking disinfection,timely sowing and nurturing strong seedlings,reasonable close planting,reasonable fertilization,scientific water management,scientific pest control and rice harvests.
基金funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA101101) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Science Foundation Project (30570996)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology (#2011-G2B) from the Ministry of Agriculture of Chinathe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Project (OPP51587)
文摘The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.
文摘In main foxtail millet growing regions of China, natural disasters happen frequently, causing losses in production and finance. Therefore, it is urgently needed to breed new superior quality foxtail millet varieties with stress resistance, stable and high production, and, so as to stabilize millet production and promote millet industry development. Jigu32, a new foxtail millet variety with stable, high-yield and superior qualities, was developed using Target Character Gene Bank breeding method, and its physiological mechanism was studied as well. Results showed that the prominent characteristics of Jigu32 were as follows: 1) strong stress resistance and stable yielding;2) high yielding;3) rich calcium content and superior qualities;4) excellent comprehensive characteristics. In 2010 National Foxtail Millet Regional Trials, the weather was tough. Severe drought occurred in some experimental stations while in some others, continuous rain, low temperature and little sunlight appeared. However, with the outstanding stress resistance, Jigu32 achieved the highest yields, and the yields were very stable under different conditions. Per unit yield of Jigu32 reached to5133.3 kg/hm2, which was the highest in the trials, increasing 9.42% compared with the controls. Calcium content of Jigu32 was 121 mg/kg in the grain, and the taste, nutrition and commodity qualities were optimal. Therefore, Jigu32 was rated as the national secondary superior quality foxtail millet. The study showed that the physiological mechanism of Jigu32’s merits was based on the improved activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH), and on its higher absorption ability and conversion efficiency of N, P, K. POD, SOD and G6PDH of Jigu32 were more active in each development phase, leading to higher resistance to adversity and aging;glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Jigu32 were more active, resulting in higher assimilation and transformation ability of nutrients. It is of great significance to promote the development of Jigu32, and it will be beneficial to sustainable, stable agricultural development, and thus orderly and stably boost the development of the millet industry in our country. The research on its physiological mechanism of stable and high yielding will provide theoretical support while breeding new stable and high-yield foxtail millet varieties later.
基金the Long-term Research Grant Scheme(LRGS),Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia,Project No.LRGS/1/2019/UKM/5,Vote No.6300242 for the financial support to conduct activities on this research program.
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)belonging to the family Solanaceae is the second most consumed and cultivated vegetable globally.Since the ancient time of its domestication,thousands of cultivated tomato varieties have been developed targeting an array of aspects.Among which breeding for yield and yield-related traits are mostly focused.Cultivated tomato is extremely genetically poor and hence it is a victim for several biotic and abiotic stresses.Among the biotic stresses,the impact of viral diseases is critical all over tomato cultivating areas.Improvement of tomato still largely rely on conventional methods worldwide while molecular approaches,particularly Marker Assisted Selection(MAS)has become popular across the globe as a fast,low cost and precise tool which is essential in present day plant breeding.In this review paper,breeding tomato for high yield and viral disease resistance,particularly to tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease(TYLCVD)using conventional and molecular approaches will be discussed.Lining up of this set of information will be useful to those who are interested in tomato variety development with high yielding and TYLCVD resistance.
文摘Based on the traditional way of abalone breeding,the technological process of industrial abalone breeding suitable for the coastal areas of southern China has been developed.The process is simple and easy to handle,and results in a high yield of young abalones after being applied.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071416)the National High Technology R&D Program of China (2006AA10Z174)
文摘Grain number per spike (GNPS) is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. The development of high GNPS germplasm is widely emphasized in wheat-yield breeding. This paper reported two high GNPS wheat germplasm lines, Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504, which had a stable and wide adaptability to different ecological regions. By exploring a nested cross design with reciprocals using Pubing 3228 or Pubing 3504 as a common parent and investigating the GNPS phenotypes of F1 hybrids in 2007-2008 and F2 populations in 2008-2009 of different cross combinations, the narrow-sense GNPS heritability was up to 49.58 and 52.23%, respectively. Genetic model analysis predictions suggested that GNPS in Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504 was mainly controlled by additive genetic effects. Correlation analysis results between GNPS and 1 000- kernel weight (TKW) of F2 populations showed that TKW was not influenced with the increase of GNPS. The good coordination among three yield components of spike number per plant (SNPP), GNPS, and TKW in the F2 segregating population implied that selection of good candidate individuals in breeding programs would be relatively straightforward. Overall, our results indicated that Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504 are two potential germplasm lines for yield improvement of GNPS in pedigree selection of wheat breeding.
文摘Using 18 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, the photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate's accumulation and transformation in heavy panicle type of rice(HPT)were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf in HPT after heading was obviously higher than that in medium panicle type(MPT)and light panicle type(LPT). The reason for the high net photosynthetic rate in HPT was the increase of Rubisco activities and chlorophyll content, and keeping high assimilate ability to CO2 under high and low light intensity, high temperature and low CO2 content, and light midday depression and wide adaptability to environmental conditions. The high net photosynthetic rate of HPT might be also the results of its excellent stomatal characteristics and higher total quantity of stomatal opening degrees(stomatal density X stomatal opening degrees). There was a large amount of dry matter production after heading and obvious high assimilate's transformation to panicle in HPT.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0100405)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-201X-CNRRI)+3 种基金Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology(2017ZZKT10204)the Major Scientific Technological Project of New Varieties of Agriculture(Grain)of Zhejiang Province(2016C02050-5-1)the Fundamental Research Fund for China National Rice Research Institute(2017RG003-1)Breeding of High-yield Genetically Modified Rice Varieties(2016ZX08001004-001)
文摘Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis time,and C84,an indica-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility.This combination has the advantages of high yield potential,early maturity,excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and wide adaptability.It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in June,2018.The breeding process,main characteristics,cultivation techniques and seed production points of the combination were introduced.
文摘A new breeding program"Creating new middle breedingmaterials by utilizing new techniques",cooperated byChina National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI)andJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sci-ence(JIRCAS)",started in Hangzhou,China in 1999.