Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes d...Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes depend on the M_(rr)component(e.g.,scalar moment(M_(0)),dip(δ),and slip(λ))and hypocenter depth of the focal mechanism,and hence can be easily used to constrain these parameters of the focal mechanism.In this study,we use the superconducting gravimeter(SG)records after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake to analyze the radial modes_(0)S_(0)and_(1)S_(0).Based on the solutions of the focal mechanism provided by the GCMT and USGS,we can obtain the theoretical amplitudes of these two radial modes.Comparing the theoretical amplitudes with the observation amplitudes,it is found that there are obvious differences between the former and the latter,which means that the GCMT and USGS focal mechanisms cannot well represent the real focal mechanism of the 2011 event.Taking the GCMT solution as a reference and changing the depth and the three parameters of the M_(rr)moment,the scalar moment(M_(0))and the dip(δ)have significant influences,but the effects of the slip(λ)and the depth are minor.After comparisons,we provide a new constraint(M_(0)=5.8±0.09×10^(22)N·m,δ=10.1±0.08°,λ=88°,and depth=20 km)for the focal mechanism of the 2011 event.In addition,we further determine the center frequency(1.631567±2.6e^(-6)mHz)and quality factor(2046.4±50.1)of the_(1)S_(0)mode.展开更多
This paper deals with the radial symmetry of positive solutions to the nonlocal problem(-Δ)_(γ)~su=b(x)f(u)in B_(1){0},u=h in R~N B_(1),where b:B_1→R is locally Holder continuous,radially symmetric and decreasing i...This paper deals with the radial symmetry of positive solutions to the nonlocal problem(-Δ)_(γ)~su=b(x)f(u)in B_(1){0},u=h in R~N B_(1),where b:B_1→R is locally Holder continuous,radially symmetric and decreasing in the|x|direction,F:R→R is a Lipschitz function,h:B_1→R is radially symmetric,decreasing with respect to|x|in R^(N)/B_(1),B_(1) is the unit ball centered at the origin,and(-Δ)_γ~s is the weighted fractional Laplacian with s∈(0,1),γ∈[0,2s)defined by(-△)^(s)_(γ)u(x)=CN,slimδ→0+∫R^(N)/B_(δ)(x)u(x)-u(y)/|x-y|N+2s|y|^(r)dy.We consider the radial symmetry of isolated singular positive solutions to the nonlocal problem in whole space(-Δ)_(γ)^(s)u(x)=b(x)f(u)in R^(N)\{0},under suitable additional assumptions on b and f.Our symmetry results are derived by the method of moving planes,where the main difficulty comes from the weighted fractional Laplacian.Our results could be applied to get a sharp asymptotic for semilinear problems with the fractional Hardy operators(-Δ)^(s)u+μ/(|x|^(2s))u=b(x)f(u)in B_(1)\{0},u=h in R^(N)\B_(1),under suitable additional assumptions on b,f and h.展开更多
The degradation of Mg alloys relates to the service performance of Mg alloy biodegradable implants.In order to investigate the degradation behavior of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials in the near service environm...The degradation of Mg alloys relates to the service performance of Mg alloy biodegradable implants.In order to investigate the degradation behavior of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials in the near service environment,the hot-extruded fine-grained Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy microtubes,which are employed to manufacture vascular stents,were tested under radial compressive stress in the dynamic Hanks'Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS).The results revealed that the high flow rate accelerates the degradation of Mg alloy microtubes and its degradation is sensitive to radial compressive stress.These results contribute to understanding the service performance of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials.展开更多
Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure...Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing device.Three crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are examined.Experimental results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture geometries.Four types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial boreholes.The vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole axis.An increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole axis.The azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole axis.Increasing the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress direction.The breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries observed.When the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown pressure.Decreasing the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown pressure.The extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown pressure.The research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
Global warming and frequent extreme drought events lead to tree death and extensive forest decline,but the underlying mechanism is not clear.In drought years,cambial development is more sensitive to climate change,but...Global warming and frequent extreme drought events lead to tree death and extensive forest decline,but the underlying mechanism is not clear.In drought years,cambial development is more sensitive to climate change,but in different phenological stages,the response rela-tionship is nonlinear.Therefore,the dynamic relationship between tree radial growth and climatic/environmental fac-tors needs to be studied.We thus continuously monitored radial growth of Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia Kom.)and environmental factors from January 2021 to November 2022 using point dendrometers and portable meteorological weather stations in the central area of the Qilian Mountains.The relationship and stability between the radial growth of Qinghai spruce and environmental factors were compared for different levels of drought in 2021 and 2022.The year 2022 had higher temperatures and less precipitation and was drier than 2021.Compared with 2021,the growing period in 2022 for Qinghai spruce was 10 days shorter,maximum growth rate(Grmax)was 4.5μm·d^(-1) slower,and the initiation of growth was 6 days later.Growth of Qinghai spruce was always restricted by drought,and the stem radial increment(SRI)was more sensitive to precipitation and air relative humidity.Seasonal changes in cumulative radial growth were divided into four phenological stages according to the time of growth onset,cessation,and maximum growth rate(Grmax)of Qinghai spruce.Stability responses of SRI to climate change were stronger in Stage 3 and Stage 4 of 2021 and stronger in Stage 1(initiation growth stage)and Stage 3 of 2022.The results provide important information on the growth of the trees in response to drought and for specific managing forests as the climate warms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses.Currently,there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage,despite the exist...BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses.Currently,there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage,despite the existence of several small compounds,Despite the objective of achieving full functional restoration by surgical intervention,the persistent challenge of inadequate functional recovery remains a significant concern in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.AIM To examine the impact of exosomes on the process of functional recovery following a complete radial nerve damage.METHODS A male individual,aged 24,who is right-hand dominant and an immigrant,arrived with an injury caused by a knife assault.The cut is located on the left arm,specifically below the elbow.The neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing reveal evidence of left radial nerve damage.The sural autograft was utilized for repair,followed by the application of 1 mL of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome,comprising 5 billion microvesicles.This exosome was split into four equal volumes of 0.25 mL each and delivered microsurgically to both the proximal and distal stumps using the subepineural pathway.The patient was subjected to a period of 180 d during which they had neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing.RESULTS The duration of the patient’s follow-up period was 180 d.An increasing Tinel’s sign and sensory-motor recovery were detected even at the 10th wk following nerve grafting.Upon the conclusion of the 6-mo post-treatment period,an evaluation was conducted to measure the extent of improvement in motor and sensory functions of the nerve.This assessment was based on the British Medical Research Council scale and the Mackinnon-Dellon scale.The results indicated that the level of improvement in motor function was classified as M5,denoting an excellent outcome.Additionally,the level of improvement in sensory function was classified as S3+,indicating a good outcome.It is noteworthy that these assessments were conducted in the absence of physical therapy.At the 10th wk post-injury,despite the persistence of substantial axonal damage,the nerve exhibited indications of nerve re-innervation as evidenced by control electromyography(EMG).In contrast to the preceding.EMG analysis revealed a significant electrophysiological enhancement in the EMG conducted at the 6th-mo follow-up,indicating ongoing regeneration.CONCLUSION Enhanced comprehension of the neurobiological ramifications associated with peripheral nerve damage,as well as the experimental and therapy approaches delineated in this investigation,holds the potential to catalyze future clinical progress.展开更多
Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude analysis.In this work,sphere-plane ...Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude analysis.In this work,sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra High Voltage(UHV)test base at an altitude of 2200 m.The experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current,electric field intensity and instantaneous optical power.The duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-toleader transition were obtained at high altitude.Based on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem,we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude,and calculated the stem temperature,stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader transition.Compared with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m,the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%,while the classical model was 6.97%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified model.From the comparisons and analysis,several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.展开更多
Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal d...Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.展开更多
This study introduces a novel method integrating CO_(2)flooding with radial borehole fracturing for enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2)underground storage,a solution to the limited vertical stimulation reservoir volume i...This study introduces a novel method integrating CO_(2)flooding with radial borehole fracturing for enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2)underground storage,a solution to the limited vertical stimulation reservoir volume in horizontal well fracturing.A numerical model is established to investigate the production rate,reservoir pressure field,and CO_(2)saturation distribution corresponding to changing time of CO_(2)flooding with radial borehole fracturing.A sensitivity analysis on the influence of CO_(2)injection location,layer spacing,pressure difference,borehole number,and hydraulic fractures on oil production and CO_(2)storage is conducted.The CO_(2)flooding process is divided into four stages.Reductions in layer spacing will significantly improve oil production rate and gas storage capacity.However,serious gas channeling can occur when the spacing is lower than 20 m.Increasing the pressure difference between the producer and injector,the borehole number,the hydraulic fracture height,and the fracture width can also increase the oil production rate and gas storage rate.Sensitivity analysis shows that layer spacing and fracture height greatly influence gas storage and oil production.Research outcomes are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient development of shale oil reservoirs in the vertical direction.展开更多
The paper generalizes the direct method of moving planes to the Logarithmic Laplacian system.Firstly,some key ingredients of the method are discussed,for example,Narrow region principle and Decay at infinity.Then,the ...The paper generalizes the direct method of moving planes to the Logarithmic Laplacian system.Firstly,some key ingredients of the method are discussed,for example,Narrow region principle and Decay at infinity.Then,the radial symmetry of the solution of the Logarithmic Laplacian system is obtained.展开更多
Congenital aortic stenosis(cAS)frequently requires intervention during the neonatal or infantile period.However,surgical repair is challenging because of the narrow surgical space.We performed bicuspidization using th...Congenital aortic stenosis(cAS)frequently requires intervention during the neonatal or infantile period.However,surgical repair is challenging because of the narrow surgical space.We performed bicuspidization using the open-sleeve technique for cAS with a unicuspid aortic valve in two patients.Postoperatively,the patients were doing well without reintervention for the aortic valve for 8 and 6 years,respectively.Their aortic annular diameter increased along with somatic growth.Bicuspidization for neonates or infancy can be performed safely using the open-sleeve technique as its midterm results have been satisfactory.展开更多
It has been evidenced that shallow gas hydrate resources are abundant in deep oceans worldwide.Their geological back-ground,occurrence,and other characteristics differ significantly from deep-seated hydrates.Because o...It has been evidenced that shallow gas hydrate resources are abundant in deep oceans worldwide.Their geological back-ground,occurrence,and other characteristics differ significantly from deep-seated hydrates.Because of the high risk of well construction and low production efficiency,they are difficult to be recovered by using conventional oil production methods.As a result,this paper proposes an alternative design based on a combination of radial drilling,heat injection,and backfilling methods.Multi-branch holes are used to penetrate shallow gas hydrate reservoirs to expand the depressurization area,and heat injection is utilized as a supplement to improve gas production.Geotechnical information collected from an investigation site close to the offshore production well in the South China Sea is used to assess the essential components of this plan,including well construction stability and gas production behavior.It demonstrates that the hydraulic fracturing of the 60mbsf overburden layer can be prevented by regulating the drilling fluid densities.However,the traditional well structure is unstable,and the suction anchor is advised for better mechanical performance.The gas produc-tion rate can be significantly increased by combining hot water injection and depressurization methods.Additionally,the suitable produc-tion equipment already in use is discussed.展开更多
Rechargeable battery cycling performance and related safety have been persistent concerns.It is crucial to decipher the capacity fading induced by electrode material failure via a range of techniques.Among these,synch...Rechargeable battery cycling performance and related safety have been persistent concerns.It is crucial to decipher the capacity fading induced by electrode material failure via a range of techniques.Among these,synchrotron-based X-ray techniques with high flux and brightness play a key role in understanding degradation mechanisms.In this comprehensive review,we summarize recent advancements in degra-dation modes and mechanisms that were revealed by synchrotron X-ray methodologies.Subsequently,an overview of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray scattering techniques is introduced for charac-terizing failure phenomena at local coordination atomic environment and long-range order crystal struc-ture scale,respectively.At last,we envision the future of exploring material failure mechanism.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the Chan–Vese(C-V)model for image segmentation and obtain its numerical solution accurately and efficiently.For this purpose,we present a local radial basis function method based on a Gaussi...In this paper,we consider the Chan–Vese(C-V)model for image segmentation and obtain its numerical solution accurately and efficiently.For this purpose,we present a local radial basis function method based on a Gaussian kernel(GA-LRBF)for spatial discretization.Compared to the standard radial basis functionmethod,this approach consumes less CPU time and maintains good stability because it uses only a small subset of points in the whole computational domain.Additionally,since the Gaussian function has the property of dimensional separation,the GA-LRBF method is suitable for dealing with isotropic images.Finally,a numerical scheme that couples GA-LRBF with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is applied to the C-V model,and a comparison of some numerical results demonstrates that this scheme achieves much more reliable image segmentation.展开更多
The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness...The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things.展开更多
Recognizing handwritten characters remains a critical and formidable challenge within the realm of computervision. Although considerable strides have been made in enhancing English handwritten character recognitionthr...Recognizing handwritten characters remains a critical and formidable challenge within the realm of computervision. Although considerable strides have been made in enhancing English handwritten character recognitionthrough various techniques, deciphering Arabic handwritten characters is particularly intricate. This complexityarises from the diverse array of writing styles among individuals, coupled with the various shapes that a singlecharacter can take when positioned differently within document images, rendering the task more perplexing. Inthis study, a novel segmentation method for Arabic handwritten scripts is suggested. This work aims to locatethe local minima of the vertical and diagonal word image densities to precisely identify the segmentation pointsbetween the cursive letters. The proposed method starts with pre-processing the word image without affectingits main features, then calculates the directions pixel density of the word image by scanning it vertically and fromangles 30° to 90° to count the pixel density fromall directions and address the problem of overlapping letters, whichis a commonly attitude in writing Arabic texts by many people. Local minima and thresholds are also determinedto identify the ideal segmentation area. The proposed technique is tested on samples obtained fromtwo datasets: Aself-curated image dataset and the IFN/ENIT dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achievesa significant improvement in the proportions of cursive segmentation of 92.96% on our dataset, as well as 89.37%on the IFN/ENIT dataset.展开更多
Hypoparathyroidism is one of the main complications after total thyroidectomy,severely affecting patients’quality of life.How to effectively protect parathyroid function after surgery and reduce the incidence of hypo...Hypoparathyroidism is one of the main complications after total thyroidectomy,severely affecting patients’quality of life.How to effectively protect parathyroid function after surgery and reduce the incidence of hypoparathyroidism has always been a key research area in thyroid surgery.Therefore,precise localization of parathyroid glands during surgery,effective imaging,and accurate surgical resection have become hot topics of concern for thyroid surgeons.In response to this clinical phenomenon,this study compared several different imaging methods for parathyroid surgery,including nanocarbon,indocyanine green,near-infrared imaging techniques,and technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile combined with gamma probe imaging technology.The advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed,providing scientific recommendations for future parathyroid imaging.In recent years,some related basic and clinical research has also been conducted in thyroid surgery.This article reviewed relevant literature and provided an overview of the practical application progress of various imaging techniques in parathyroid surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND The magnetic compression technique has been used to establish an animal model of tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF),but the commonly shaped magnets present limitations of poor homogeneity of TEF and poor model ...BACKGROUND The magnetic compression technique has been used to establish an animal model of tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF),but the commonly shaped magnets present limitations of poor homogeneity of TEF and poor model control.We designed a Tshaped magnet system to overcome these problems and verified its effectiveness via animal experiments.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of a T-shaped magnet system for establishing a TEF model in beagle dogs.METHODS Twelve beagles were randomly assigned to groups in which magnets of the Tshaped scheme(study group,n=6)or normal magnets(control group,n=6)were implanted into the trachea and esophagus separately under gastroscopy.Operation time,operation success rate,and accidental injury were recorded.After operation,the presence and timing of cough and the time of magnet shedding were observed.Dogs in the control group were euthanized after X-ray and gastroscopy to confirm establishment of TEFs after coughing,and gross specimens of TEFs were obtained.Dogs in the study group were euthanized after X-ray and gastroscopy 2 wk after surgery,and gross specimens were obtained.Fistula size was measured in all animals,and then harvested fistula specimens were examined by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS The operation success rate was 100%for both groups.Operation time did not differ between the study group(5.25 min±1.29 min)and the control group(4.75 min±1.70 min;P=0.331).No bleeding,perforation,or unplanned magnet attraction occurred in any animal during the operation.In the early postoperative period,all dogs ate freely and were generally in good condition.Dogs in the control group had severe cough after drinking water at 6-9 d after surgery.X-ray indicated that the magnets had entered the stomach,and gastroscopy showed TEF formation.Gross specimens of TEFs from the control group showed the formation of fistulas with a diameter of 4.94 mm±1.29 mm(range,3.52-6.56 mm).HE and Masson trichrome staining showed scar tissue formation and hierarchical structural disorder at the fistulas.Dogs in the study group did not exhibit obvious coughing after surgery.X-ray examination 2 wk after surgery indicated fixed magnet positioning,and gastroscopy showed no change in magnet positioning.The magnets were removed using a snare under endoscopy,and TEF was observed.Gross specimens showed well-formed fistulas with a diameter of 6.11 mm±0.16 mm(range,5.92-6.36 mm),which exceeded that in the control group(P<0.001).Scar formation was observed on the internal surface of fistulas by HE and Masson trichrome staining,and the structure was more regular than that in the control group.CONCLUSION Use of the modified T-shaped magnet scheme is safe and feasible for establishing TEF and can achieve a more stable and uniform fistula size compared with ordinary magnets.Most importantly,this model offers better controllability,which improves the flexibility of follow-up studies.展开更多
When a customer uses the software, then it is possible to occur defects that can be removed in the updated versions of the software. Hence, in the present work, a robust examination of cross-project software defect pr...When a customer uses the software, then it is possible to occur defects that can be removed in the updated versions of the software. Hence, in the present work, a robust examination of cross-project software defect prediction is elaborated through an innovative hybrid machine learning framework. The proposed technique combines an advanced deep neural network architecture with ensemble models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost. The study evaluates the performance by considering multiple software projects like CM1, JM1, KC1, and PC1 using datasets from the PROMISE Software Engineering Repository. The three hybrid models that are compared are Hybrid Model-1 (SVM, RandomForest, XGBoost, Neural Network), Hybrid Model-2 (GradientBoosting, DecisionTree, LogisticRegression, Neural Network), and Hybrid Model-3 (KNeighbors, GaussianNB, Support Vector Classification (SVC), Neural Network), and the Hybrid Model 3 surpasses the others in terms of recall, F1-score, accuracy, ROC AUC, and precision. The presented work offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of hybrid techniques for cross-project defect prediction, providing a comparative perspective on early defect identification and mitigation strategies. .展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital duodenal webs are rare in adults and can lead to various symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,and postprandial fullness.The treatment for this disease is mostly surgical.Endoscopic treatment techniqu...BACKGROUND Congenital duodenal webs are rare in adults and can lead to various symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,and postprandial fullness.The treatment for this disease is mostly surgical.Endoscopic treatment techniques have been developed and attempted for this disease.Endoscopic radial incision and cutting(RIC)techniques are reportedly very effective in benign anastomotic stricture.This case report highlights the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic RIC as a minimally invasive treatment for adult congenital duodenal webs.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old female patient with indigestion was referred to a tertiary hospital.The patient complained of postprandial fullness in the epigastric region.Previous physical examinations or blood tests indicated no abnormalities.Computed tomography revealed an eccentric broad-based delayed-enhancing mass-like lesion in the second portion of the duodenum.Endoscopy showed an enlarged gastric cavity and a significantly dilated duodenal bulb;a very small hole was observed in the distal part of the second portion,and scope passage was not possible.Gastrografin upper gastrointestinal series was performed,revealing an intraduodenal barium contrast-filled sac with a curvilinear narrow radiolucent rim,a typical"windsock"sign.Endoscopic RIC was performed on the duodenal web.The patient recovered uneventfully.Follow-up endoscopy showed a patent duodenal lumen without any residual stenosis.The patient reported complete resolution of symptoms at the 18-month follow-up.CONCLUSION Endoscopic RIC may be an effective treatment for congenital duodenal webs in adults.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants:41974022 and 42192531)the Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China(Grant:2020CFA109)+1 种基金the Special Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(grant#220100002)Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University(grant#210204)。
文摘Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes depend on the M_(rr)component(e.g.,scalar moment(M_(0)),dip(δ),and slip(λ))and hypocenter depth of the focal mechanism,and hence can be easily used to constrain these parameters of the focal mechanism.In this study,we use the superconducting gravimeter(SG)records after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake to analyze the radial modes_(0)S_(0)and_(1)S_(0).Based on the solutions of the focal mechanism provided by the GCMT and USGS,we can obtain the theoretical amplitudes of these two radial modes.Comparing the theoretical amplitudes with the observation amplitudes,it is found that there are obvious differences between the former and the latter,which means that the GCMT and USGS focal mechanisms cannot well represent the real focal mechanism of the 2011 event.Taking the GCMT solution as a reference and changing the depth and the three parameters of the M_(rr)moment,the scalar moment(M_(0))and the dip(δ)have significant influences,but the effects of the slip(λ)and the depth are minor.After comparisons,we provide a new constraint(M_(0)=5.8±0.09×10^(22)N·m,δ=10.1±0.08°,λ=88°,and depth=20 km)for the focal mechanism of the 2011 event.In addition,we further determine the center frequency(1.631567±2.6e^(-6)mHz)and quality factor(2046.4±50.1)of the_(1)S_(0)mode.
基金supported by the NSFC(12001252)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232ACB211001)。
文摘This paper deals with the radial symmetry of positive solutions to the nonlocal problem(-Δ)_(γ)~su=b(x)f(u)in B_(1){0},u=h in R~N B_(1),where b:B_1→R is locally Holder continuous,radially symmetric and decreasing in the|x|direction,F:R→R is a Lipschitz function,h:B_1→R is radially symmetric,decreasing with respect to|x|in R^(N)/B_(1),B_(1) is the unit ball centered at the origin,and(-Δ)_γ~s is the weighted fractional Laplacian with s∈(0,1),γ∈[0,2s)defined by(-△)^(s)_(γ)u(x)=CN,slimδ→0+∫R^(N)/B_(δ)(x)u(x)-u(y)/|x-y|N+2s|y|^(r)dy.We consider the radial symmetry of isolated singular positive solutions to the nonlocal problem in whole space(-Δ)_(γ)^(s)u(x)=b(x)f(u)in R^(N)\{0},under suitable additional assumptions on b and f.Our symmetry results are derived by the method of moving planes,where the main difficulty comes from the weighted fractional Laplacian.Our results could be applied to get a sharp asymptotic for semilinear problems with the fractional Hardy operators(-Δ)^(s)u+μ/(|x|^(2s))u=b(x)f(u)in B_(1)\{0},u=h in R^(N)\B_(1),under suitable additional assumptions on b,f and h.
基金the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1106703)the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1804251)。
文摘The degradation of Mg alloys relates to the service performance of Mg alloy biodegradable implants.In order to investigate the degradation behavior of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials in the near service environment,the hot-extruded fine-grained Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy microtubes,which are employed to manufacture vascular stents,were tested under radial compressive stress in the dynamic Hanks'Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS).The results revealed that the high flow rate accelerates the degradation of Mg alloy microtubes and its degradation is sensitive to radial compressive stress.These results contribute to understanding the service performance of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(No.ZLZX2020-01)the National Key Scientific Research Instrument Research Project of NSFC(No.51827804).
文摘Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing device.Three crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are examined.Experimental results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture geometries.Four types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial boreholes.The vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole axis.An increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole axis.The azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole axis.Increasing the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress direction.The breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries observed.When the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown pressure.Decreasing the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown pressure.The extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown pressure.The research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and gas reservoirs.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Gansu (No.21JR7RA111)CAS Light of West China Program (2020XBZG-XBQNXZ-A)the 2022 Major scientific Research Project Cultivation Plan of Northwest Normal University (WNU-LKZD2022-04).
文摘Global warming and frequent extreme drought events lead to tree death and extensive forest decline,but the underlying mechanism is not clear.In drought years,cambial development is more sensitive to climate change,but in different phenological stages,the response rela-tionship is nonlinear.Therefore,the dynamic relationship between tree radial growth and climatic/environmental fac-tors needs to be studied.We thus continuously monitored radial growth of Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia Kom.)and environmental factors from January 2021 to November 2022 using point dendrometers and portable meteorological weather stations in the central area of the Qilian Mountains.The relationship and stability between the radial growth of Qinghai spruce and environmental factors were compared for different levels of drought in 2021 and 2022.The year 2022 had higher temperatures and less precipitation and was drier than 2021.Compared with 2021,the growing period in 2022 for Qinghai spruce was 10 days shorter,maximum growth rate(Grmax)was 4.5μm·d^(-1) slower,and the initiation of growth was 6 days later.Growth of Qinghai spruce was always restricted by drought,and the stem radial increment(SRI)was more sensitive to precipitation and air relative humidity.Seasonal changes in cumulative radial growth were divided into four phenological stages according to the time of growth onset,cessation,and maximum growth rate(Grmax)of Qinghai spruce.Stability responses of SRI to climate change were stronger in Stage 3 and Stage 4 of 2021 and stronger in Stage 1(initiation growth stage)and Stage 3 of 2022.The results provide important information on the growth of the trees in response to drought and for specific managing forests as the climate warms.
基金approved by the medical ethics committee of the authors’institution(protocol number:56733164-203-E.5863).
文摘BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses.Currently,there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage,despite the existence of several small compounds,Despite the objective of achieving full functional restoration by surgical intervention,the persistent challenge of inadequate functional recovery remains a significant concern in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.AIM To examine the impact of exosomes on the process of functional recovery following a complete radial nerve damage.METHODS A male individual,aged 24,who is right-hand dominant and an immigrant,arrived with an injury caused by a knife assault.The cut is located on the left arm,specifically below the elbow.The neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing reveal evidence of left radial nerve damage.The sural autograft was utilized for repair,followed by the application of 1 mL of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome,comprising 5 billion microvesicles.This exosome was split into four equal volumes of 0.25 mL each and delivered microsurgically to both the proximal and distal stumps using the subepineural pathway.The patient was subjected to a period of 180 d during which they had neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing.RESULTS The duration of the patient’s follow-up period was 180 d.An increasing Tinel’s sign and sensory-motor recovery were detected even at the 10th wk following nerve grafting.Upon the conclusion of the 6-mo post-treatment period,an evaluation was conducted to measure the extent of improvement in motor and sensory functions of the nerve.This assessment was based on the British Medical Research Council scale and the Mackinnon-Dellon scale.The results indicated that the level of improvement in motor function was classified as M5,denoting an excellent outcome.Additionally,the level of improvement in sensory function was classified as S3+,indicating a good outcome.It is noteworthy that these assessments were conducted in the absence of physical therapy.At the 10th wk post-injury,despite the persistence of substantial axonal damage,the nerve exhibited indications of nerve re-innervation as evidenced by control electromyography(EMG).In contrast to the preceding.EMG analysis revealed a significant electrophysiological enhancement in the EMG conducted at the 6th-mo follow-up,indicating ongoing regeneration.CONCLUSION Enhanced comprehension of the neurobiological ramifications associated with peripheral nerve damage,as well as the experimental and therapy approaches delineated in this investigation,holds the potential to catalyze future clinical progress.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Scientific Funds for Young Scientists)(No.52007064)。
文摘Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude analysis.In this work,sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra High Voltage(UHV)test base at an altitude of 2200 m.The experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current,electric field intensity and instantaneous optical power.The duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-toleader transition were obtained at high altitude.Based on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem,we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude,and calculated the stem temperature,stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader transition.Compared with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m,the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%,while the classical model was 6.97%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified model.From the comparisons and analysis,several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China,Nos.2022NSFSC1545 (to YG),2022NSFSC1387 (to ZF)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China,Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0038,cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0035 (both to XT)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001378 (to XT)the Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023QNXM009 (to XT)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China,No.KJQN202200435 (to XT)the Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project,No.CQYC202005014 (to XT)。
文摘Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.
基金This study has been funded by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52204063)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC025).Moreover,we would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the Computational Geosciences group in the Department of Mathematics and Cybernetics at SINTEF Digital for developing and providing the free open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox(MRST)used in this research.
文摘This study introduces a novel method integrating CO_(2)flooding with radial borehole fracturing for enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2)underground storage,a solution to the limited vertical stimulation reservoir volume in horizontal well fracturing.A numerical model is established to investigate the production rate,reservoir pressure field,and CO_(2)saturation distribution corresponding to changing time of CO_(2)flooding with radial borehole fracturing.A sensitivity analysis on the influence of CO_(2)injection location,layer spacing,pressure difference,borehole number,and hydraulic fractures on oil production and CO_(2)storage is conducted.The CO_(2)flooding process is divided into four stages.Reductions in layer spacing will significantly improve oil production rate and gas storage capacity.However,serious gas channeling can occur when the spacing is lower than 20 m.Increasing the pressure difference between the producer and injector,the borehole number,the hydraulic fracture height,and the fracture width can also increase the oil production rate and gas storage rate.Sensitivity analysis shows that layer spacing and fracture height greatly influence gas storage and oil production.Research outcomes are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient development of shale oil reservoirs in the vertical direction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11501342,12001344)。
文摘The paper generalizes the direct method of moving planes to the Logarithmic Laplacian system.Firstly,some key ingredients of the method are discussed,for example,Narrow region principle and Decay at infinity.Then,the radial symmetry of the solution of the Logarithmic Laplacian system is obtained.
文摘Congenital aortic stenosis(cAS)frequently requires intervention during the neonatal or infantile period.However,surgical repair is challenging because of the narrow surgical space.We performed bicuspidization using the open-sleeve technique for cAS with a unicuspid aortic valve in two patients.Postoperatively,the patients were doing well without reintervention for the aortic valve for 8 and 6 years,respectively.Their aortic annular diameter increased along with somatic growth.Bicuspidization for neonates or infancy can be performed safely using the open-sleeve technique as its midterm results have been satisfactory.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR202011030013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976205)+1 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2021QNLM020002)the China Geological Survey Program(No.DD20221704).
文摘It has been evidenced that shallow gas hydrate resources are abundant in deep oceans worldwide.Their geological back-ground,occurrence,and other characteristics differ significantly from deep-seated hydrates.Because of the high risk of well construction and low production efficiency,they are difficult to be recovered by using conventional oil production methods.As a result,this paper proposes an alternative design based on a combination of radial drilling,heat injection,and backfilling methods.Multi-branch holes are used to penetrate shallow gas hydrate reservoirs to expand the depressurization area,and heat injection is utilized as a supplement to improve gas production.Geotechnical information collected from an investigation site close to the offshore production well in the South China Sea is used to assess the essential components of this plan,including well construction stability and gas production behavior.It demonstrates that the hydraulic fracturing of the 60mbsf overburden layer can be prevented by regulating the drilling fluid densities.However,the traditional well structure is unstable,and the suction anchor is advised for better mechanical performance.The gas produc-tion rate can be significantly increased by combining hot water injection and depressurization methods.Additionally,the suitable produc-tion equipment already in use is discussed.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation (2208972,2120559,and 2323117)
文摘Rechargeable battery cycling performance and related safety have been persistent concerns.It is crucial to decipher the capacity fading induced by electrode material failure via a range of techniques.Among these,synchrotron-based X-ray techniques with high flux and brightness play a key role in understanding degradation mechanisms.In this comprehensive review,we summarize recent advancements in degra-dation modes and mechanisms that were revealed by synchrotron X-ray methodologies.Subsequently,an overview of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray scattering techniques is introduced for charac-terizing failure phenomena at local coordination atomic environment and long-range order crystal struc-ture scale,respectively.At last,we envision the future of exploring material failure mechanism.
基金sponsored by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2021A1515110680Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research under Grant No.202102020340.
文摘In this paper,we consider the Chan–Vese(C-V)model for image segmentation and obtain its numerical solution accurately and efficiently.For this purpose,we present a local radial basis function method based on a Gaussian kernel(GA-LRBF)for spatial discretization.Compared to the standard radial basis functionmethod,this approach consumes less CPU time and maintains good stability because it uses only a small subset of points in the whole computational domain.Additionally,since the Gaussian function has the property of dimensional separation,the GA-LRBF method is suitable for dealing with isotropic images.Finally,a numerical scheme that couples GA-LRBF with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is applied to the C-V model,and a comparison of some numerical results demonstrates that this scheme achieves much more reliable image segmentation.
文摘The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things.
文摘Recognizing handwritten characters remains a critical and formidable challenge within the realm of computervision. Although considerable strides have been made in enhancing English handwritten character recognitionthrough various techniques, deciphering Arabic handwritten characters is particularly intricate. This complexityarises from the diverse array of writing styles among individuals, coupled with the various shapes that a singlecharacter can take when positioned differently within document images, rendering the task more perplexing. Inthis study, a novel segmentation method for Arabic handwritten scripts is suggested. This work aims to locatethe local minima of the vertical and diagonal word image densities to precisely identify the segmentation pointsbetween the cursive letters. The proposed method starts with pre-processing the word image without affectingits main features, then calculates the directions pixel density of the word image by scanning it vertically and fromangles 30° to 90° to count the pixel density fromall directions and address the problem of overlapping letters, whichis a commonly attitude in writing Arabic texts by many people. Local minima and thresholds are also determinedto identify the ideal segmentation area. The proposed technique is tested on samples obtained fromtwo datasets: Aself-curated image dataset and the IFN/ENIT dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achievesa significant improvement in the proportions of cursive segmentation of 92.96% on our dataset, as well as 89.37%on the IFN/ENIT dataset.
基金Supported by The 2024 Hospital Research Funding,No.KYQ2024008.
文摘Hypoparathyroidism is one of the main complications after total thyroidectomy,severely affecting patients’quality of life.How to effectively protect parathyroid function after surgery and reduce the incidence of hypoparathyroidism has always been a key research area in thyroid surgery.Therefore,precise localization of parathyroid glands during surgery,effective imaging,and accurate surgical resection have become hot topics of concern for thyroid surgeons.In response to this clinical phenomenon,this study compared several different imaging methods for parathyroid surgery,including nanocarbon,indocyanine green,near-infrared imaging techniques,and technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile combined with gamma probe imaging technology.The advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed,providing scientific recommendations for future parathyroid imaging.In recent years,some related basic and clinical research has also been conducted in thyroid surgery.This article reviewed relevant literature and provided an overview of the practical application progress of various imaging techniques in parathyroid surgery.
基金Supported by the Key Research&Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China,No.2024SF-YBXM-447Institutional Foundation of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,No.2022MS-07+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy022023068Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,No.2023-JC-QN-0814.
文摘BACKGROUND The magnetic compression technique has been used to establish an animal model of tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF),but the commonly shaped magnets present limitations of poor homogeneity of TEF and poor model control.We designed a Tshaped magnet system to overcome these problems and verified its effectiveness via animal experiments.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of a T-shaped magnet system for establishing a TEF model in beagle dogs.METHODS Twelve beagles were randomly assigned to groups in which magnets of the Tshaped scheme(study group,n=6)or normal magnets(control group,n=6)were implanted into the trachea and esophagus separately under gastroscopy.Operation time,operation success rate,and accidental injury were recorded.After operation,the presence and timing of cough and the time of magnet shedding were observed.Dogs in the control group were euthanized after X-ray and gastroscopy to confirm establishment of TEFs after coughing,and gross specimens of TEFs were obtained.Dogs in the study group were euthanized after X-ray and gastroscopy 2 wk after surgery,and gross specimens were obtained.Fistula size was measured in all animals,and then harvested fistula specimens were examined by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS The operation success rate was 100%for both groups.Operation time did not differ between the study group(5.25 min±1.29 min)and the control group(4.75 min±1.70 min;P=0.331).No bleeding,perforation,or unplanned magnet attraction occurred in any animal during the operation.In the early postoperative period,all dogs ate freely and were generally in good condition.Dogs in the control group had severe cough after drinking water at 6-9 d after surgery.X-ray indicated that the magnets had entered the stomach,and gastroscopy showed TEF formation.Gross specimens of TEFs from the control group showed the formation of fistulas with a diameter of 4.94 mm±1.29 mm(range,3.52-6.56 mm).HE and Masson trichrome staining showed scar tissue formation and hierarchical structural disorder at the fistulas.Dogs in the study group did not exhibit obvious coughing after surgery.X-ray examination 2 wk after surgery indicated fixed magnet positioning,and gastroscopy showed no change in magnet positioning.The magnets were removed using a snare under endoscopy,and TEF was observed.Gross specimens showed well-formed fistulas with a diameter of 6.11 mm±0.16 mm(range,5.92-6.36 mm),which exceeded that in the control group(P<0.001).Scar formation was observed on the internal surface of fistulas by HE and Masson trichrome staining,and the structure was more regular than that in the control group.CONCLUSION Use of the modified T-shaped magnet scheme is safe and feasible for establishing TEF and can achieve a more stable and uniform fistula size compared with ordinary magnets.Most importantly,this model offers better controllability,which improves the flexibility of follow-up studies.
文摘When a customer uses the software, then it is possible to occur defects that can be removed in the updated versions of the software. Hence, in the present work, a robust examination of cross-project software defect prediction is elaborated through an innovative hybrid machine learning framework. The proposed technique combines an advanced deep neural network architecture with ensemble models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost. The study evaluates the performance by considering multiple software projects like CM1, JM1, KC1, and PC1 using datasets from the PROMISE Software Engineering Repository. The three hybrid models that are compared are Hybrid Model-1 (SVM, RandomForest, XGBoost, Neural Network), Hybrid Model-2 (GradientBoosting, DecisionTree, LogisticRegression, Neural Network), and Hybrid Model-3 (KNeighbors, GaussianNB, Support Vector Classification (SVC), Neural Network), and the Hybrid Model 3 surpasses the others in terms of recall, F1-score, accuracy, ROC AUC, and precision. The presented work offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of hybrid techniques for cross-project defect prediction, providing a comparative perspective on early defect identification and mitigation strategies. .
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital duodenal webs are rare in adults and can lead to various symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,and postprandial fullness.The treatment for this disease is mostly surgical.Endoscopic treatment techniques have been developed and attempted for this disease.Endoscopic radial incision and cutting(RIC)techniques are reportedly very effective in benign anastomotic stricture.This case report highlights the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic RIC as a minimally invasive treatment for adult congenital duodenal webs.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old female patient with indigestion was referred to a tertiary hospital.The patient complained of postprandial fullness in the epigastric region.Previous physical examinations or blood tests indicated no abnormalities.Computed tomography revealed an eccentric broad-based delayed-enhancing mass-like lesion in the second portion of the duodenum.Endoscopy showed an enlarged gastric cavity and a significantly dilated duodenal bulb;a very small hole was observed in the distal part of the second portion,and scope passage was not possible.Gastrografin upper gastrointestinal series was performed,revealing an intraduodenal barium contrast-filled sac with a curvilinear narrow radiolucent rim,a typical"windsock"sign.Endoscopic RIC was performed on the duodenal web.The patient recovered uneventfully.Follow-up endoscopy showed a patent duodenal lumen without any residual stenosis.The patient reported complete resolution of symptoms at the 18-month follow-up.CONCLUSION Endoscopic RIC may be an effective treatment for congenital duodenal webs in adults.