Anomalies of geomagnetic field related to natural and technogenic events in Charvak area

Based on the long-term geomagnetic observations in the area of the Charvak reservoir,the analysis results of geomagnetic variations are presented in the article.It is revealed that local anomalies of geomagnetic field related to the change process of water volume in reservoir and local seismicity happen simultaneously.It is also considered that these results will be used for earthquake forecasting.

Assessment of the Regime of Functioning Agroecosystems Depending on the Climate and Technogenic Pollution of the Soils

Some results of monitoring (for the period from 1992 to 2005) related to transformations of carbon in agroecosystems of Baikal Siberia (Russia) characterized by unpolluted grey forest soils as well as the soils technogenically polluted with heavy metals are discussed with use the unique approach to integrated assessment of the agroecosystem’s functioning regime. The peculiarities of accumulation of carbon in soil microbial biomass and CO2 emission during the years differing in climate conditions are demonstrated. Analysis of formation of net-mineralized and (re)immobilized carbon is conducted, their ratio being used for the purpose of assessment of the level of influence upon the agroecosystem. The agroecosystems having technogenically polluted soils are characterized by processes of the soil microbial biomass reduction and by an obvious increase of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Negative changes, which are bound up with carbon transformation, are intensified under unfavorable climate conditions. Intensification of processes of carbon net mineralization and, vice versa, lowering the intensity of processes related to carbon (re)immobilization (especially under the effect of soil pollution and climate changes) provoke instability of the agroecosystem and cause formation of a new regime of its functioning.

Quality of Scots Pine Pollen Depending on the Aerotechnogenic Pollution Level with Emissions from Reftinskiy GRES Power Plant

The aim of the current study was to investigate the process of microgametogenesis and diagnostic of condition of the Pinus sylvestris male generative system in the tree stands exposed to the influence of Reftinskiy GRES power plant (RGpp) emission during ontogenesis in connection with the level of technogenic pollution. It was detected that in the impact area, smoke emissions from the RGpp in the south-west direction zones of technogenic pollution were formed. Those vary in qualitative composition of the snow pack pollutants and their quantitative characteristics. The content of water insoluble compounds in melt snow water and the compile suspended matter, decreases regularly at the longer distance from the source of air pollutants. The highest content of water soluble compounds in the melt snow water was indicated at the distances of 5, 8 and 14 km from the source of air pollutants, authentically lower in the nearest and farthest sampling points of the snow trials. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) pollen significative with high prognostic value in relation to the level of toxic load upon the eco-systems and the condition of male generative system were discovered. It was detected that the significative meanings of pollen with morphological abnormalities decreased, and the meanings of functional significatives increased at the longer distance from the source of air pollutants. Pollen fertility, pollen tube length and reserve substances content significative is negatively related to the presence of micro and macro elements in the snow water;those identify the toxic load level on the ecosystem probably to the highest degree. Pine male gametophyte elimination, while forming in the impact zone of the GRES power plant, takes place at the stage of pollen grain germination as well as pollen tubes’ growth stage.

Technosol made from coal waste as a strategy to plant growth and environmental control

Coal waste disposal areas demand proper rehabilitation activities because several environmental impacts are related to them,such as acid mine drainage,loss of biohabitats,water pollution,and soil degradation.The most common strategy is to cover them with an impermeable layer followed by a new soil layer as soon as possible,while maximizing plant growth and avoiding water and wind erosion.This study examines the possibility of transforming coal waste itself into a substrate for plant growth,namely technosol,assuming its own use for progressive rehabilitation and revegetation of waste deposits.The coal waste is amended with other residues in an integrated waste management approach:rice husk ash,steel slag,and sewage sludge to adjust physical structure,pH,and nutrient availability,respectively.The raw material composition,fertility,metals bioavailability,plant growth,and nutrients in plant tissue are analyzed after successive growth of lopsided oats(Avena strigosa)and maize(Zea mays).The results show that coal waste allows a fertile plant substrate after being amended in accordance to experimental conditions.The soil metal concentration is found to fall within the limits of natural variation for soils in the study area and nutrients in plant tissue are found to be consistent with lopsided oats and maize standards.The proposed waste mixture results in a technosol capable of adequately promoting plant growth,that is,it is a potential resource to accelerate revegetation and natural succession in coal waste disposal areas.

Radioecological Assessment of the Uranium Tailings in Tuyuk-Suu （Kyrgyzstan）

Radioecological Assessment of the Uranium Tailings in Tuyuk-Suu （Kyrgyzstan）. The aim of our research is the radioecological assessment of the current state of uranium tailings in Tuyuk-Suu. The methods of field and laboratory analysis were conducted with the modem radiological and nuclear physics equipment. Gamma survey was shown that the surface of the tailings Tuyuk-Suu and Taldy-Bulak may effectively reduce the exposure dose of gamma radiation, the body Tuyuk Suu is flooding with water flowing near the river in a concrete channel, so it should be constantly monitoring the state of the tailings and the river Tuyuk-Suu. In this article is given the analysis and estimates of the current radiation condition of the tailings dam and Min-Kush settlement. It was for the first time made the radiological analysis after closing of the uranium tailings in a body of the most tail material and it is estimated states possible pollution to environment.

Transformation Mechanism of Ore Matter in the Weathering

Grain-size class redistribution of non-ferrous, precious metals and iron in copper-nickel ores tailings from Norilsk industrial region was after artificial weathering investigated. Possible mechanisms of metal redistribution were suggested.

Regularities of Seismicity of Western and Central Uzbekistan (Southwestern Part of Western Tien-Shan Region)

The paper discusses the spatial and temporal distribution of seismic activity in the southwestern part of the Western Tien Shan. The study identifies four groups of strong earthquakes that occurred in Western and Central Uzbekistan. The regularity of redistribution of the accumulated tectonic energy in the form of shuttle migration of seismicity with the recurrence rate of a group of strong earthquakes has been revealed. The synchronicity of periods of seismic activation of the Western Tien Shan (regional structure) and the Asian part of the Mediterranean-Asian seismic belt (structure of a large-regional scale) was found. At the same time, deviations from synchronicity are noted in the form of delays in the periods of seismic activation between the considered structures. The seismicity study revealed a deviation from the regularity of grouping of strong earthquakes in the seismic regime of the region. This was observed in the Gazli earthquakes. The strongest triple Gazli earthquakes of 1976 and 1984 with М = 7.0 - 7.3 were preceded by natural and technogenic triggers. Natural triggers included active fracturing (large fractures up to 100 km in length) in the north of Tamdybulak area, the absence any of tangible earthquakes in the epicentral area of Gazli for more than 40 years, and the appearance of small mud volcanoes—griffins before a strong earthquake. The technogenic triggers included a 40-year gas pumping at the Gazli fields and two underground nuclear explosions in 1966 (#273) and 1968 (#142) produced near the epicenter of the tectonic Gazli earthquakes of 1976 and 1984.

寒区岩屑堆中汞化合物行为研究(英文)

At gold mining in the 19th～20th centuries on technogenous deposits of cryolitozone, considerable amounts of mercury-containing elements (amalgams) have been accumulated. Urgency of their utilization is caused by necessity of providing safe vital activity. It can be achieved when elaborating up-to-date technologies providing self-support of utilization as a consequence of extracting precious metals. Difficulty of this problem realization is caused by the absence of theoretical and applied elaborations of making the appropriate works in cryolitozone. The main trends of the problem solving on the grounds of creating scientific method foundations for investigating the cryolitozone amalgams transformation have been considered in the paper. Dynamics has been shown and the revealed regularities of their transformation, testifying of the occurrence of hydrometallurgic processes in cryolitozone massifs in situ, resulted in the decline of gold reserves at decreasing dispersity and increasing hallmarking, have been analyzed.

Estimation of Natural-Technogeneous Pollution of Underground Waters in Horezm Region of Uzbekistan

Nowadays,the resources of underground water present itself as a valuable mineral and are to be the most important and in many regions one and only source of economic-drinking water-supply.For the past years,in connection with fast development of industry and agriculture,there occurred the tendency of increasing necessity in usage of underground water resources for production-technical needs,irrigation of