Identification of Technology Catch-up Path from the Perspective of Technology Leapfrogging

Objective To propose a method to identify the shortest catch-up path by using patent data based on the perspective of technology leapfrogging so as to provide a reference for the catch-up strategy formulation by the governments of the developing countries.Methods Firstly,the international patent classification(IPC)co-occurrence network was used to screen key technologies,and the TOP 5 countries and China were located from the aspects of technology life cycle and technological innovation capabilities.Next,the technology development path based on the ordered clustering algorithm and the main IPC number was set up.Finally,the Dijkstra algorithm was applied to identify the shortest catch-up path.Results and Conclusion Applying this method to the current biopharmaceutical industry with the most potential for development,the shortest catch-up paths are found in the selected C12N15,C07K14 and C12Q1 technology fields,proving the feasibility of the method.

Leapfrog Technology and How It Applies to Trackless Tram

Rapid innovation and development of modern technology has brought about the opportunity for developing economies to technological leapfrog. In particular, rather than going through all the learning curve and costly process experienced by developed countries, emerging economies instead can take advantage of the opportunities presented by technological shifts. However, inadequate infrastructure is the cause of most challenges that these developing economies presently face. Energy, road, transport and telecommunication networks are the most critical infrastructure needed to drive a sustainable development and economic growth. As seen in many emerging economies, small private cars are still dominating the public transport sector, even though it is evident that they are congesting the poorly managed and crumbling road infrastructure. Most emerging economies’ cities are currently experiencing rapid urbanisation that is leading to massive population explosion. These rapidly growing cities should adopt latest technologies, such as Trackless Trams Systems (TTS). There is no doubt that TTS can probably help in dealing with most of the transport problems experienced in rapidly growing urban areas within emerging economies. This paper seeks to explore the opportunities presented by TTS to bring about the needed technological leapfrogging for the developing countries that are resource constrained to build modern and expensive mass public transport infrastructure. An ideal example of a recent successful technological leapfrog in emerging economies is the low-cost mobile phones and increasingly expanding wireless access in urban areas. As such, countries have been able to eliminate the challenge of building fixed-line telecommunications infrastructure, which is capital-intensive. In this study we are undertaking a literature appraisal on technological leapfrogging, and demonstrate how TTS measure up as a potential technology to aid the leapfrogging for the urban transport systems more so in developing countries. The study discusses the features, quality, and proficiencies of the new technology. To consider technology for leapfrogging, it ought to be economical enough, less technical, lends itself to partnership, lends itself to community engagement, allows co-development, and fulfils sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper is organized into four sections, the introduction, literature appraisal, experiential evidence and debate on Trackless Trams, and conclusion.