Emerging molecules,tools,technology,and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.

Improving the Efficiency of Mechatronic Systems in Order to Ensure Intensive Reform“Industry-4.0”

The presented work will show the highest relevance of solving all the issues related to this problem and present the results of the analysis of the main expected potential problems,which may occur in the implementation of the INDUSTRY-4.0 reform.It is proved that the pace and level of development of this reform will be determined to a large extent by the effectiveness of the individual nodes used and the entire mechatronic system.It has also been established that as a result of systematic miniaturization of the nodes of radio-electronic equipment and microelectronic equipment and microelectronic technology,the main problem of these reforms and the implementation of complex technological processes is instrumental and technological support,especially with cutting micro-tools and equipment.Therefore,on the example of these investigations,methods for improving their performance are shown.

Research on the Mechanism of the Impact of Educational Gamification on Middle

This study presents an in-depth examination of the impact of educational gamification on middle school students’learning motivation through a mixed-methods approach.The integration of quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews and observations revealed that gamification significantly enhances intrinsic motivation by increasing interest and engagement in a learning environment.The study also found that gamification indirectly boosts extrinsic motivation through the augmentation of social interaction and learning engagement.Structural equation modeling underscored the direct and indirect effects of gamification on learning motivation.The findings suggest that educators should integrate gamification elements into their teaching designs,focus on fulfilling students’psychological needs for autonomy,competence,and relatedness,and leverage social interactions to foster motivation.The study’s contributions to the educational field include empirical evidence of gamification’s impact and a multidimensional perspective that strengthens the depth of understanding in the application of gamification.However,the study acknowledges limitations such as potential biases and a non-representative sample,calling for future research to address these issues through broader and longitudinal studies.

Kinetic study of complicated anti-solvent and cooling crystallization of disodium 5′-ribonucleotide

Disodium 5′-ribonucleotide,which is composed of disodium 5′-inosine(IMP)and disodium 5′-guanosine(GMP),is an important food additive.The lack of kinetic studies of it causes a lack of clarity in understanding the complicated multi-solute crystallization of IMP+GMP in ethanol-water.In this work,process analytical technology tools were used to obtain the thermodynamics and kinetic data from the experiments,the kinetic parameters of anti-solvent and cooling crystallization were investigated.The crystal form of IMP+GMP mixed crystal was determined,which was consistent with the IMP whether crystallized from pure water or ethanol-water.The effects of different anti-solvent addition rates and cooling rates on the metastable zone widths were studied,and the opposite effect on metastable zone width was found.The modified exponential empirical function was developed to correlate nucleation and growth kinetic equations under different conditions.The kinetic data were well fitted with adjusted correlation coefficient(adj-R^(2)>0.7),which is sufficient to provide a valid reference for process design and control.