Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model

Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimiza- tion method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China （CRRC） using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

The Real Option Game Model to the Technology Innovation Investment Strategy

The real option game theory is a new effective method to analyze the project investment decision containing uncertain factors in the incomplete competition circumstance. Based on the introduction of the development of real option game method, this paper puts forward a real option game model to research on the investment opportunity and investment strategy of technology innovation involved two competitors. The varies of the value of project bring on three kinds of game equilibrium, that is the corporate investment equilibrium strategy, the leader ＆ follower investment equilibrium strategy and the corporate delay equilibrium strategy.

Technological Options to Ameliorate Waste Treatment of Intensive Pig Production in China:An Analysis Based on Bio-Economic Model

Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.

Current Advanced Power Generation Technologies and Options for China(1)

In China, electricity consumption keeps growing at a high speed and installed capacity will be dou- bled in the next fifteen years. As the world second CO2 producer and also a member of Kyoto Protocol, how to balance energy needs and environmental protection responsibility in the future is a serious problem for China. As such, there are a number of technology choices for today's electric power generation. After discussing the current advanced power generation technologies based on Chinese energy structure and current conditions of power industry, this paper gives a reference to the technology options for China in the future.

Current Advanced Power Generation Technologies and Options for China (2)

In China, electricity consumption keeps growing at a high speed and installed capacity will be doubled in the next fifteen years. As the world second CO2 producer and also a member of Kyoto Protocol, how to balance energy needs and environmental protection responsibility in the future is a serious problem for China. As such, there are a number of technology choices for today's electric power generation. After discussing the current advanced power generation technologies based on Chinese energy structure and current conditions of power industry, this paper gives a reference to the technology options for China in the future. Here published is the second part of the paper.

Significance of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 on China's energy transition pathway: A multi-model comparison analysis

China has proposed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.Although previous studies have assessed net-zero emissions pathways in China,the diversity observed in these studies in terms of model construction and parameter setting has led to inconsistent conclusions on some key issues,such as energy transition.This study employs a multi-model comparison method to examine the significance of China's carbon neutrality target on its energy systems by assessing 67 carbon neutrality scenarios in China that are collected from the ADVANCE database,and identifying the differences between energy transition pathways under BEF60 scenarios(i.e.scenarios realising carbon neutrality by 2060)and AFT60 scenarios(i.e.scenarios realising carbon neutrality after 2060).Results show that China needs a larger deployment of low-carbon electricity,a higher electrification rate and more carbon sequestration amount under BEF60 scenarios than those under AFT60 scenarios.Meanwhile,the magnitude of the difference between the two categories of scenarios varies significantly in terms of different outcome indicators.Those that present significant disparities include the deployment scale of solar power(increasing by 160%),the electrification rate of the building sector(increasing by 27%)and the carbon sequestration amount of biomass power with carbon capture and storage(increasing by 380%).In addition,this study selects six indicators to present the technological and economic characteristics of various energy systems of China at the point of net-zero emissions.Exploring the relationships between characteristics,this research identifies the common features among various net-zero energy systems.A great share of non-biomass renewable power generation is always associated with a relatively high per capita energy use,implying that high renewables penetration may relax restrictions on energy consumption,which should be addressed for China when making efforts to promote energy transition.