Anode surface engineering of zinc-ion batteries using tellurium nanobelt as a protective layer for enhancing energy storage performance

Over the years,zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology because of their excellent safety,long cycling performance,eco-friendliness,and high-power density.However,issues,such as the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode,limited wet-tability,and lack of sufficient nucleation sites for Zn plating,have limited their practical application.The introduction of a protective layer comprising of tellurium(Te)nanobelts onto the surface of Zn anode has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and improve the electrochemical behav-ior by enhancing the safety and wettability of ZIBs,as well as providing numerous nucleation sites for Zn plating.In the presence of a Te-based protective layer,the energy power density of the surface-engineered Zn anode improved significantly(ranging from 310 to 144 W h kg^(-1),over a power density range of 270 to 1,800 W kg^(-1)),and the lifespan capability was extended.These results demonstrate that the proposed strategy of employing Te nanobelts as a protective layer holds great promise for enhancing the energy storage performance of zIBs,making them even more attractive as a viable energy storage solution forthefuture.

Chemical Scissors Tailored Nano‑Tellurium with High‑Entropy Morphology for Efficient Foam‑Hydrogel‑Based Solar Photothermal Evaporators

The development of tellurium(Te)-based semiconductor nanomaterials for efficient light-to-heat conversion may offer an effective means of harvesting sunlight to address global energy concerns.However,the nanosized Te(nano-Te)materials reported to date suffer from a series of drawbacks,including limited light absorption and a lack of surface structures.Herein,we report the preparation of nano-Te by electrochemical exfoliation using an electrolyzable room-temperature ionic liquid.Anions,cations,and their corresponding electrolytic products acting as chemical scissors can precisely intercalate and functionalize bulk Te.The resulting nano-Te has high morphological entropy,rich surface functional groups,and broad light absorption.We also constructed foam hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano-Te,which achieved an evaporation rate and energy efficiency of 4.11 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)and 128%,respectively,under 1 sun irradiation.Furthermore,the evaporation rate was maintained in the range 2.5-3.0 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)outdoors under 0.5-1.0 sun,providing highly efficient evaporation under low light conditions.

Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Petrochemical eigenvalues and diagrams for the identification of metamorphic rocks'protolith,taking the host rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit in China as an example

The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift.

中国稀散金属矿资源概况

中国稀散金属资源丰富,在全球占有重要的战略地位。对中国542处矿产地(包括759个矿床/点)的稀散金属资源调查数据分析表明,目前中国已查明稀散金属资源储量102.82万t,其中,镓矿44.65万t,锗矿1.39万t,铟矿2.52万t,铊矿2.96万t,镉矿47.12万t,硒矿2.56万t,碲矿1.53万t,铼矿893.00 t。中国稀散金属资源具有如下特征:①分布广泛,但主要集中在西南地区、中南地区和华北地区,云南、河南、广西、内蒙古、山西、贵州、广东等是稀散金属资源较丰富的省(区);②独立矿床极少,但资源储量占到全国稀散金属资源总量的6.64%;③矿床规模以中、小型为主,但大型矿床和超大型矿床资源储量占全国稀散金属资源总量的80%以上;④主要伴生在铅锌多金属矿、铝土矿和煤矿中,3类矿床中的稀散金属资源储量占全国稀散金属资源总量的80%左右;⑤总体综合利用率较低。中国镓、锗、铊资源的储备充足,但硒、碲、铼、铟、镉资源相对缺乏。

试论稀散金属矿产与新质生产力

稀散金属(锗、镓、铟、铊、铼、镉、硒、碲)并不被社会大众所熟悉,但在我国却属于优势矿产资源。稀散金属在传统产业中的用途比较局限,用量也不大,有的金属全世界一年也就用十几吨。但是,这8种金属个个“身怀绝技”,对战略性新兴产业和未来产业至关重要。比如,镓在液态金属、锗和铟在电子工业、镉在军工领域、铼在战机发动机、碲和硒在光电产业、硒和铊在生物医学领域都具有不可限量的发展潜力。战略性新兴产业和未来产业又是国际竞争的关键环节和焦点领域,需要新质生产力来支撑。加快形成与稀散金属密切相关的新质生产力,是实现高质量发展、构建新发展格局的重要路径,也是保障国家经济安全的客观需要。稀散金属也是我国矿产资源领域安全保障体系的重要组成部分。因此,加强对稀散金属矿产资源的勘查、开发与管理,理清稀散金属与新质生产力之间的内在逻辑,探索关键矿产找矿工作部署的战略构想,通过创新引领,加快新一轮找矿突破战略行动的实施步伐,加深社会各界对于稀散金属重要性的认知程度,鼓励全社会加大地质找矿投入的力度,对于保障能源资源安全、增强发展新动能具有重要的意义。

Origin of the Dashuigou Independent Tellurium Deposit at the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Based on the Abundances of Trace Elements in the Country Rocks

Through a detailed study of the abundances and spatial-temporal distribution patterns of Te,Bi,As,Se,Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,and Ag in the rock types of different geological epochs in the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit,and in combination with other research findings of previous researchers in this area,the authors conclude as follows:Abundances of the main ore-forming elements Te,Bi,As,Se,Au,and Ag are not high in the regional geological background,generally lower or close to their respective crustal Clark values,but almost all altered country rocks contain high levels of ore-forming elements.This indicates that the deposit’s ore-forming elements do not come from the country rocks.This also indicates that the geological thermal events that cause alteration and mineralization originate from depths and may be related to mantle plumes.Considering the distribution pattern of these ore-forming elements in the ore bodies’hanging wall and footwall,the metallogenic mechanism may be as follows:Mineralization is not achieved through lateral secretion in the horizontal or near horizontal direction,but rather through the upward movement and emplacement of deep ore-forming elements driven by geological processes such as mantle plumes.In addition,the migration of deep ore-forming elements is not achieved through dispersed infiltration between overlying rock particles,but through non widespread concentrated penetrating channels.This type of channel is likely to be the expansion structures where faults from different directions intersect,or where linear faults intersect with circular structures.

基于大数据的中国稀散金属矿成矿规律定量研究

地质大数据推动地球科学研究逐渐从定性研究向半定量研究、定量研究迈进。稀散金属(锗、镓、铟、铊、铼、镉、硒、碲)是我国的优势矿产资源,因传统用途局限,研究相对不足。本文通过对759处稀散金属矿床(点)资料的系统梳理,定量分析了542处稀散金属矿产地(含矿点)的成矿密度、成矿强度及各成矿期稀散金属矿的成矿强度问题。研究结果表明:中国稀散金属矿床空间分布广泛但相对集中,可划分为七大主要资源集中区;广西、云南矿床(点)数量最多(61处),云南资源储量最大(24×10^(4)t),河南是稀散金属矿成矿密度最大、成矿强度最强的省份(3.4处/10^(4)km^(2)、8100 t/10^(4)km^(2))。中国稀散金属矿床时间分布不平衡,燕山期是主要成矿阶段,成矿密度最大达2.3处/Ma,而喜马拉雅期成矿强度最强,稀散金属资源储量超4000 t/Ma。划分了18个稀散金属矿集区,兰坪-普洱(DM-J13)成矿强度最大。今后应加强稀散金属综合研究,加强其地质找矿与开发利用,促进新质生产力的形成与发展。

中国碲资源特征及勘查开发利用现状

碲(Te)是重要的战略性新兴产业矿产资源,在现代国防和工业及新兴领域具有广泛的用途。本文在《中国矿产地质志·稀散金属矿卷》研编的基础上,对中国碲矿资源特征和勘查开发利用现状进行了系统梳理和总结,提出中国碲矿以伴生矿为主,独立碲矿床仅1个(四川大水沟);已查明碲矿资源储量集中分布在广东、江西和甘肃,3省碲资源量占全国资源总量的93.08%;伴生大型、超大型碲矿(大宝山、城门山、金川和白家咀子)具有较大的成矿潜力和找矿空间;目前,中国碲工业发展仍处于初级阶段,开发利用严重依赖于寄主矿床。随着太阳能电池、航空航天等技术的快速发展,碲矿资源需求将逐步加大,碲资源供应缺口即将来临。为了确保中国乃至全球碲资源的可持续供应,中国应加大碲资源的勘查力度,提高碲矿的提取技术,从而提高自身的碲产量和供应能力,推动碲产业的发展,减少对外依赖。这不仅有助于保障国家经济发展的需要,也有利于加速中国在碲相关产业领域的技术进步和国际竞争力的提升。

心脏数字化单光子发射型电子计算机断层扫描设备质量控制研究

目的:研究心脏数字化单光子发射型电子计算机断层扫描(SPECT)设备质量控制方法,为制定数字化SPECT设备质量控制标准提供参考。方法:依据美国电器制造商协会《伽玛照相机性能测试》(NEMA NU1-2018)和心脏数字化SPECT设备相关厂家执行的设备日常质量保证的测试方法,采用一种通用质量控制方法,适用于使用半导体碲锌镉(CZT)材料且扫描时探头多角度转动的心脏数字化SPECT设备的质量控制。检测内容包括设备系统能量分辨率、系统均匀性、系统扫描灵敏度、带散射的断层空间分辨力和系统最大计数率5个检测项目。结果:检测结果与厂家要求相比较,系统能量分辨率、系统均匀性、系统扫描灵敏度、带散射的断层空间分辨力和系统最大计数率等5个项目的第1次检测结果分别为5.8%、8%、67811计数/(min·MBq)、4.91 mm和1.8×10^(6)s^(-1),第2次检测结果分别为5.6%、6%、68297计数/(min·MBq)、4.96mm和1.8×10^(6)s^(-1),均符合厂家指标的要求。结论:采用的质量控制方法能够科学并客观评价此类设备的运行状态,可为制定数字化SPECT设备质量控制标准提供数据支持。

安徽庐枞矿集区沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床中硒、碲的赋存状态及富集规律研究

硒和碲是重要的战略性关键金属,在现代工业和国防建设中有着广泛的应用。硒和碲通常很难形成独立矿床,目前全球大部分硒和碲来自斑岩型铜金矿床。长江中下游成矿带是我国东部重要的斑岩-矽卡岩型铜金矿床成矿带之一,前人虽然对成矿带内矽卡岩型矿床中伴生关键金属已开展了相关研究,但对成矿带内斑岩矿床中关键金属的赋存状态、分布和富集规律尚关注较少。本次工作以成矿带内沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床为研究对象,系统采集了矿床不同深度、不同类型的岩矿石样品,通过扫描电子显微镜、全岩化学分析、TIMA及矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量成分测试等分析技术方法对矿床中硒和碲等关键金属开展了系统的研究。结果表明,沙溪矿床中硒和碲元素发生显著富集,与主成矿元素铜具有明显的正相关关系。估算矿床中伴生硒资源量约为1196t、碲资源量约为96.6t,其中硒达到大型规模,具有潜在利用价值。与成矿带内其他典型矽卡岩矿床(包括斑岩-矽卡岩矿床)相比,沙溪斑岩型矿床中硒和碲的含量明显偏低,这可能是深部成矿岩浆演化过程的差异导致的。矿床中有91.64%的硒、87.48%的碲是以独立矿物形式存在。沙溪矿床硒、碲与主成矿元素铜和金的富集规律一致,流体混合过程中氧逸度的变化可能是硒和碲的主要的沉淀机制。

基于黏性蒸馏-气相分离的冶金级粗碲提纯方法

开发一种基于黏性蒸馏-气相分离的高纯碲材料制备方法。通过调节冷凝器结构和冷凝温度,达到黏性蒸馏、控制碲优势冷凝区的目的,使挥发性差的物质留在残留物中,而硒在气相中与碲分离,实现冶金级粗碲的提纯。研究饱和蒸气压、碲分子平均自由程、不同冷凝位置的杂质分布特征以及冷凝物形貌。500 g级的实验结果表明,在5 Pa、773 K和90 min的最佳实验条件下,碲的直收率为83.40%,纯度高于99.9996%,碲优势冷凝区冷凝物中硒含量降低至2.76×10^(-4)%(质量分数)。

Sequential removal of selenium and tellurium from copper anode slime with high nickel content

A process using soda roasting-alkaline leaching-acid leaching to remove selenium, tellurium and copper sequentially from the copper anode slime with high content of Ni was tested. The mechanism of this process was outlined based on thermodynamic analysis and the change in the XRD patterns of different intermediate products. During soda roasting, copper which occurs as Cu4SeTe in the slime was oxidized to CuO and Cu3TeO6, while selenium and tellurium were oxidized to Ag2SeO4 and Cu3TeO6, respectively. Ag2SeO4 in the calcine is easily leached in the subsequent alkaline leaching, but CuTeO3 resulted from the decomposition of CCu3TeO6 remains inactive in this process through which selenium is leached out in preference to tellurium. The CuTeO3 and Cu O in the alkaline leaching residue can be leached in the following sulfuric acid leaching process. More than 97% of selenium was leached with little tellurium leached under the optimal condition. Then, more than 96% of copper and almost all the tellurium were leached out in the following acid leaching process.

掺WO_(3)对碲酸盐玻璃热稳定性改善和Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)掺杂碲钨酸盐玻璃光谱性能的研究

为得到热稳定性能良好且高强度发光的碲酸盐玻璃,通过在TeO_(2)-ZnO-Na_(2)O系统中掺入WO_(3),以提高玻璃的抗析晶和热稳定性能。研究结果表明,碲酸盐玻璃的ΔT从不掺WO_(3)的110℃增加到了WO_(3)含量为20 mol%时的142℃。在热稳定性研究的基础上,进一步分别研究了单掺Er^(3+)和Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺的碲钨酸盐玻璃的光谱性质。研究结果表明,在Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺条件下,Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)之间的能量传递提高了Er^(3+)离子对980 nm泵浦光的吸收效率,增强了1.5μm波段发光强度,最终得到了具有高强度1.5μm波段发光的Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺碲钨酸盐玻璃,初步证明共掺方式是实现1.5μm波段高强度发光的有效方法。

高工作温度碲镉汞红外探测器杜瓦结构研究

随着第三代红外探测器技术的快速发展,高工作温度红外探测器成为重要的发展方向。本文报道了在高工作温度碲镉汞红外探测器杜瓦结构小型化、低功耗、高可靠性方面的研究进展。通过杜瓦结构的优化设计,搭配旋转整体式低温制冷机K562S short,制备出组件体积为80 mm×61 mm×39 mm,重量为212 g,启动时间为2.5 min,工作温度达到150 K的高工作温度中波碲镉汞红外探测器,并初步完成了组件可靠性试验验证,为高工作温度碲镉汞红外探测器的工程化应用奠定了一定的基础,对高工作温度碲镉汞红外探测器的小型化、低功耗、高可靠性研究具有一定的指导意义。

无定形硫属单质分子结构的研究进展

硫属单质(硫、硒、碲)是自然界中一类十分重要的物质,在光电材料、电池及半导体等领域有着广泛的应用.硫属单质均具有晶态和无定形态两种结构形态,其中晶态硫属单质的分子结构已经得到了深入的研究,但无定形硫属单质的分子结构研究还处于初级阶段.为了更好地发掘无定形硫属单质的应用潜力,对其结构与性质进行深入研究十分必要.本文概述了无定形硫属单质分子结构研究方面的最新进展,并展望了未来可能的研究方向.这些工作将有助于更全面地了解无定形硫属单质的性质,并推动其在不同领域中的应用.

Leaching kinetics of selenium from selenium-tellurium-rich materials in sodium sulfite solutions

The leaching kinetics of selenium from selenium-tellurium-rich materials in sodium sulfite solutions was studied. The morphologies of selenium-tellurium-rich materials are mainly spheroid and columnar bodies and the range of particle size of selenium-tellurium-rich materials is between 17.77μm and 56.58μm, which contain 41.73%selenium and 40.96%tellurium. The ranges of experimental elements are 126-315 g/L of sodium sulfite concentration, 100-400 r/min of agitation speed, 23-95 ℃ of reaction temperature, 7：1-14：1 of liquid-solid ratio and 17.77-56.58μm of average particle size. The results show that the leaching rate increases with increasing the sodium sulfite concentration, agitation speed, reaction temperature or liquid-solid ratio and the leaching rate decreases with increasing the particle size. The reaction temperature has the significant effects on the selenium leaching rate which increases from 21%to 67%with increasing temperature from 23 ℃ to 95 ℃. The experimental data agree quite well with the Avrami model for leaching, with model parameter of 0.235 and apparent activation energy of 20.847 kJ/mol.

^(124)I的制备、抗体标记及标记化合物的Micro-PET/CT显像

为使用医用回旋加速器生产^(124)I及研究^(124)I标记提供方法,本研究通过124Te(p,n)^(124)I核反应制备^(124)I,首先压制得到124TeO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)靶片,利用回旋加速器轰击3~8 h后,放置12 h去除副反应产生的杂质核素,最后通过碘升华-放化分离法得到Na^(124)I溶液。分析Na^(124)I的纯度并且标记抗间皮素(mesothelin,MSLN)抗体后,对KM小鼠进行尾静脉注射观察^(124)I-anti-MSLN的分布。结果显示,压制得到的124TeO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)靶片经过12.5 MeV能量,20μA质子束轰击后得到340.4~1121.1 MBq核素产品,经纯化后得274.2~758.5 MBq高纯度Na^(124)I溶液,其放射性浓度>54840 Bq/μL。使用该Na^(124)I溶液对抗MSLN抗体标记得到放化纯度>99%的^(124)I-anti-MSLN探针,经尾静脉注射入KM小鼠体内,通过Micro-PET/CT显像可以观察到小鼠甲状腺部位有明显的探针摄取,且该摄取可以被提前3 d喂食0.5%KI溶液阻断,代谢行为符合^(124)I标记的抗体探针在KM鼠体内的代谢规律。本研究总结了25次^(124)I的制备过程中涉及的设备、方法及纯化后Na^(124)I的使用等情况,结果表明,经过纯化得到的^(124)I具有较高的核纯度和化学纯度,满足放射性标记的需求,且平均回收率高于70%,自动纯化过程安全可靠。

Te含量对Ag/SnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)电接触材料组织及电接触性能的影响

采用合金内氧化法制备了不同Te含量的Ag/SnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)电接触材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光学显微镜(OM)分析了Ag/SnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)微观组织,利用JF04C触点测试系统测试了铆钉型触点的电接触性能,分析了Ag/SnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)电接触材料的转移损耗情况,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)对电接触材料动静触点电弧侵蚀形貌进行了分析,分析Te的添加对材料性能和燃弧机制的影响。结果表明:Te的添加有助于细化晶粒,并且随着Te含量增加,Ag/SnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)材料形成了波浪状组织,Te的加入未对Ag、SnO_(2)和In_(2)O_(3)的存在形式造成影响,材料的相组成包括Ag、SnO_(2)、In_(2)O_(3)、TeO_(2)和单质Te。随着Te含量增加,材料的接触电阻呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势,当Te的添加量为0.75%时,接触电阻最低且最稳定,熔焊力平均值为26.6 cN,低于常规模拟继电器30.6 cN的分断力。Te的添加改变了材料转移模式,减少了电弧侵蚀表面喷溅状侵蚀形貌的出现,当Te的添加量为0.75%时,电弧侵蚀表面产生的“猪网油”状的网状结构和“桑葚”状结构,对Ag/SnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)材料在持续高频直流场合抗材料定向转移及抗熔焊性能方面改善显著,过量添加则会恶化触点性能。

Preparation of high pure tellurium from raw tellurium containing Cu and Se by chemical method

High pure tellurium was prepared from raw tellurium containing copper and selenium by chemical method containing oxidation with concentrated nitric acid, leaching with hydrochloric acid, reducing with sulfur dioxide and treating in hydrogen atmosphere at high temperature. Removal ratio of Cu in raw tellurium reaches 99% after raw tellurium is oxidized and leached with HNO3（69%） under the following conditions： 0.96 times stoichiometric quantity of concentrated nitric acid, 4：1 of ratio of liquid to solid, 20 °C of reaction temperature and 30 min of reaction time. Leaching ratio of Te reaches 99% after Te is leached with hydrochloric acid under the following conditions： 1.67 times stoichiometric quantity of hydrochloric acid, 4：1 of ratio of liquid to solid, 20 °C of reaction temperature and 30 min of reaction time. Tellurium powder（99.95%） is obtained when Te（IV） in leachate is reduced with sulfur dioxide. The purity of tellurium increases from 99.954% to 99.999 6% after tellurium（99.95%） is treated in hydrogen atmosphere at 723.15 K for 30 min.