Hydrogen energy is a resuscitated clean energy source and its sensitive detection in air is crucial due to its very low explosive limit.Metal oxide decorated with noble metal nanoparticles has been used for the enhanc...Hydrogen energy is a resuscitated clean energy source and its sensitive detection in air is crucial due to its very low explosive limit.Metal oxide decorated with noble metal nanoparticles has been used for the enhancement of gas detection and exhibits superior sensitivity.Understanding the intrinsic mechanism of the detection and the enhancement mechanism is thus becoming a fundamental issue for the further development of novel metal/oxide compound gas-sensing materials.However,the correlation between the microstructural evolution,the charge transport and the complex sensing process has not yet been directly revealed and its atomic mechanism is still debatable.In this study,an Au/WO_(2.7) compound was synthesized and exhibited a strongly enhanced gas sensitivity to many reductive gases,especially H2.Aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the atomic-scale microstructural evolution in situ during the reaction between H_(2) and Au/WO_(2.7) compound.Swing and sintering processes of the Au particles on the WO_(2.7) surface were observed under heating and gaseous environments,and no injection of hydrogen atoms was suggested.First principle calculations verified the swing and sintering processes,and they can be explained by the enhancement of H2 sensitivity.展开更多
原子尺度原位研究金属纳米颗粒的氧化过程,对理解金属氧化反应机理和合理设计金属纳米材料有重要意义。长期以来,研究人员通过热重分析、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等手段对金属块体材料和薄膜材料的氧化行为和反应机理开展了广泛研究...原子尺度原位研究金属纳米颗粒的氧化过程,对理解金属氧化反应机理和合理设计金属纳米材料有重要意义。长期以来,研究人员通过热重分析、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等手段对金属块体材料和薄膜材料的氧化行为和反应机理开展了广泛研究。但当金属的尺寸缩小到纳米尺度时,其比表面积、电子结构都与块体材料显著不同,从而导致其氧化行为和反应机理也与块体材料产生差异。由于纳米颗粒体积小,氧化速率快,传统方法很难对其微观的氧化机理进行原位研究。受益于环境控制的电子显微镜技术(atmosphere controlled TEM technologies)的发展,人们有机会在原子尺度对金属纳米颗粒的氧化行为进行系统研究,包括柯肯达尔效应、氧化动力学过程等。然而目前对金属纳米颗粒氧化的研究仍然处于初期阶段,其氧化初期的形核过程仍有待揭示,温度、氧气分压、载体作用对金属纳米颗粒氧化的影响仍有待进一步研究。本文主要以近几年利用原位TEM研究金属纳米颗粒氧化的工作为例,简要介绍这些工作在认识金属氧化理论和推进反应机理的理解方面的最新进展,并探讨了未来研究的机遇和挑战。展开更多
Abstract This paper conducts a simulation study of a novel aircraft environmental control system based on membrane dehumidification （MD-ECS）, and compares the system with the up-to-date four-wheel high pressure de-w...Abstract This paper conducts a simulation study of a novel aircraft environmental control system based on membrane dehumidification （MD-ECS）, and compares the system with the up-to-date four-wheel high pressure de-water system （4WHPDW-ECS）. Mathematical models for the two sys- tems are established, and a system simulation using a numerical technique is performed to analyze and compare the cooling performance of the two systems. Simulation results show that the cooling capacity of MD-ECS is much higher than that of 4WHPDW-ECS under the same working conditions, indicating that the novel system is theoretically feasible and promising. The effects of the sweep ratio of the membrane dehumidifier on the dehumidification and cooling performance of the system is also investigated.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51988101,91860202 and 51872008)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z180014)the“111”project under the DB18015 grant and the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Projects(No.BJJWZYJH01201910005018).The authors thank Dr.Dongchang Wu from Thermofisher Scientific Shanghai Nanoport for the useful discussion and assistance with Titan-ETEM and Titan-Themis.
文摘Hydrogen energy is a resuscitated clean energy source and its sensitive detection in air is crucial due to its very low explosive limit.Metal oxide decorated with noble metal nanoparticles has been used for the enhancement of gas detection and exhibits superior sensitivity.Understanding the intrinsic mechanism of the detection and the enhancement mechanism is thus becoming a fundamental issue for the further development of novel metal/oxide compound gas-sensing materials.However,the correlation between the microstructural evolution,the charge transport and the complex sensing process has not yet been directly revealed and its atomic mechanism is still debatable.In this study,an Au/WO_(2.7) compound was synthesized and exhibited a strongly enhanced gas sensitivity to many reductive gases,especially H2.Aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the atomic-scale microstructural evolution in situ during the reaction between H_(2) and Au/WO_(2.7) compound.Swing and sintering processes of the Au particles on the WO_(2.7) surface were observed under heating and gaseous environments,and no injection of hydrogen atoms was suggested.First principle calculations verified the swing and sintering processes,and they can be explained by the enhancement of H2 sensitivity.
文摘原子尺度原位研究金属纳米颗粒的氧化过程,对理解金属氧化反应机理和合理设计金属纳米材料有重要意义。长期以来,研究人员通过热重分析、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等手段对金属块体材料和薄膜材料的氧化行为和反应机理开展了广泛研究。但当金属的尺寸缩小到纳米尺度时,其比表面积、电子结构都与块体材料显著不同,从而导致其氧化行为和反应机理也与块体材料产生差异。由于纳米颗粒体积小,氧化速率快,传统方法很难对其微观的氧化机理进行原位研究。受益于环境控制的电子显微镜技术(atmosphere controlled TEM technologies)的发展,人们有机会在原子尺度对金属纳米颗粒的氧化行为进行系统研究,包括柯肯达尔效应、氧化动力学过程等。然而目前对金属纳米颗粒氧化的研究仍然处于初期阶段,其氧化初期的形核过程仍有待揭示,温度、氧气分压、载体作用对金属纳米颗粒氧化的影响仍有待进一步研究。本文主要以近几年利用原位TEM研究金属纳米颗粒氧化的工作为例,简要介绍这些工作在认识金属氧化理论和推进反应机理的理解方面的最新进展,并探讨了未来研究的机遇和挑战。
基金support from Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2011ZC09006)
文摘Abstract This paper conducts a simulation study of a novel aircraft environmental control system based on membrane dehumidification （MD-ECS）, and compares the system with the up-to-date four-wheel high pressure de-water system （4WHPDW-ECS）. Mathematical models for the two sys- tems are established, and a system simulation using a numerical technique is performed to analyze and compare the cooling performance of the two systems. Simulation results show that the cooling capacity of MD-ECS is much higher than that of 4WHPDW-ECS under the same working conditions, indicating that the novel system is theoretically feasible and promising. The effects of the sweep ratio of the membrane dehumidifier on the dehumidification and cooling performance of the system is also investigated.
