Impact of Different Rates of Nitrogen Supplementation on Soil PhysicochemicalProperties and Microbial Diversity in Goji Berry

Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyze the functions of differential nitrogen application rates including low(N1),medium(N2),and high(N3)levels in soil microbial community structure(bacterial and fungal)at 2 diverse soil depths(0-20,20-40 cm)through high-throughput sequencing technology by targeting 16S RNA gene and ITS1&ITS2 regions.All the observed physicochemical parameters exhibited significant improvement(p<0.05)with increased levels of nitrogen and the highest values for most parameters were observed at N2.However,pH decreased(p<0.05)gradually.The alpha and beta diversity analyses for bacterial and fungal communities’metagenome displayed more similarities than differences among all groups.The top bacterial and fungal phyla and genera suggested no obvious(p>0.05)differences among three group treatments(N1,N2,and N3).Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant(p<0.05)enrichment of quorum sensing,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and transcriptional machinery for bacterial communities,while various saprotrophic functional roles for fungal communities.Conclusively,moderately reducing the use of N-supplemented fertilizers is conducive to increasing soil nitrogen utilization rate,which can contribute to sustainable agriculture practices through improved soil quality,and microbial community structure and functions.

Review of the Relocation of General Zhang Fei’s Temple in View of the Three Gorges Dam Project

As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.

Study Correlation between Physical-Mineralogical Properties of Sandstone Used in Ptolemaic Temples in Upper Egypt and Its Weathering Resistance

This article focuses on study of a relation between physical-mineralogical properties of sandstone used in Ptolemaic temples in Upper Egypt and its resistance of deterioration factors affecting it. In the present study, sandstone samples were collected from four sites;namely the temples of Dendera, Esna, Edfu and Kom Ombo which are located in Upper Egypt. Polarized light microscope (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine mineralogical properties, microstructure, and chemical compositions of the deteriorated sandstone samples, addition to physical properties tests;results of the study confirmed that sandstone samples containing a high percentage of salts, clay minerals and iron oxides have been significantly affected by deterioration factors. The deteriorated sandstone samples were treated by paraloid B72 3% enhanced with Nano silica 5% to improve the physical properties of stone. Results of the study indicated that the samples which were consolidated by Nanoparticles based on acrylic Copolymers (Paraloid B72 and its Nanocomposite with Nano silica) achieved the best results for improvement of its physical-mineralogical properties. This is the ultimate aim of the study for the purpose of conservation and sustainability of building materials of the temples.

双金属MOFs碳化材料的结构对锂硫电池正极性能的影响

利用硝酸钴和铁氰化钾在水溶液中沉淀反应以及ZIF-8在水溶液中的部分分解,分别制备了2种组成相近但结构不同的双金属有机框架前驱体Co-Fe precursor和ZCF precursor。经过多巴胺包覆,对2种产品在氩气气氛下退火获得碳化产物。将碳化产物与纳米硫粉混合得到的碳/硫复合材料(E-CoFeCN@C/S、E-ZCF@C/S)分别作为正极,组装扣式锂硫电池并测试电化学性能。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、热重分析仪进行形貌和结构分析。在组成相似的情况下,核壳结构碳载体(E-CoFeCN@C)与发散式结构碳载体(E-ZCF@C)对锂硫电池性能的影响呈现出“此消彼长”的特点:E-ZCF@C/S在循环伏安测试中表现出更小的极化以及更强的电流响应,在电化学阻抗测试中表现出更低的电荷转移阻抗,表明该材料有利于促进正极电荷传递过程,即加快电极反应动力学。E-ZCF@C/S在0.2C倍率下放电初始比容量为1211.3mAh/g,在2C倍率下放电初始比容量为794mAh/g,均优于E-CoFeCN@C/S。而核壳结构的优势主要体现在容量衰减方面,E-CoFeCN@C/S在0.2C倍率下经过100次循环后平均衰减率为0.074%(E-ZCF@C/S为0.26%),在2C倍率下循环300次后平均衰减率为0.047%(E-ZCF@C/S为0.13%),说明核壳结构对活性物质的锚固作用明显而对电荷转移不利。

The protective effect of cyclodextrin on the color quality and stability of Cabernet Sauvignon red wine

The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine from the viewpoints of color characteristics,copigmentation and phenolic profiles.The grey relational analysis(GRA)and principal component analysis(PCA)methods were employed to dissect the key effective determinants related to color quality.The addition of CDs induced a significant hyperchromic effect of 8.19-25.40%,a significant bathochromic effect and an enhancement of the color intensity.Furthermore,the evolution of anthocyanin forms and the content of monomeric anthocyanins revealed that β-CD is a superior favorable cofactor during wine aging,but for long-term aging,2-HP-β-CD and 2-HP-γ-CD are more beneficial in promoting the formation of polymerized anthocyanins and color stability.This work provides an important reference for the use of CDs to enhance the color quality and stability of red wines.

A gated recurrent unit model to predict Poisson’s ratio using deep learning

Static Poisson’s ratio(vs)is crucial for determining geomechanical properties in petroleum applications,namely sand production.Some models have been used to predict vs;however,the published models were limited to specific data ranges with an average absolute percentage relative error(AAPRE)of more than 10%.The published gated recurrent unit(GRU)models do not consider trend analysis to show physical behaviors.In this study,we aim to develop a GRU model using trend analysis and three inputs for predicting n s based on a broad range of data,n s(value of 0.1627-0.4492),bulk formation density(RHOB)(0.315-2.994 g/mL),compressional time(DTc)(44.43-186.9 μs/ft),and shear time(DTs)(72.9-341.2μ s/ft).The GRU model was evaluated using different approaches,including statistical error an-alyses.The GRU model showed the proper trends,and the model data ranges were wider than previous ones.The GRU model has the largest correlation coefficient(R)of 0.967 and the lowest AAPRE,average percent relative error(APRE),root mean square error(RMSE),and standard deviation(SD)of 3.228%,1.054%,4.389,and 0.013,respectively,compared to other models.The GRU model has a high accuracy for the different datasets:training,validation,testing,and the whole datasets with R and AAPRE values were 0.981 and 2.601%,0.966 and 3.274%,0.967 and 3.228%,and 0.977 and 2.861%,respectively.The group error analyses of all inputs show that the GRU model has less than 5% AAPRE for all input ranges,which is superior to other models that have different AAPRE values of more than 10% at various ranges of inputs.

进口再生塑料颗粒中双酚A、双酚S的溶出特性研究

为了加强我国进口塑料颗粒的监管,降低我国进口再生塑料颗粒使用风险,建立更加完善、更加严格的限值标准。本文以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)以及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为原料的进口再生塑料颗粒为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法对5种进口再生塑料颗粒中双酚A和双酚S的含量进行分析,并进一步探究接触时间、温度及模拟溶液对再生塑料颗粒中双酚A和双酚S溶出的影响。结果表明:(1)5种进口再生塑料颗粒中,ABS颗粒中双酚A、双酚S含量均为最高,含量平均值分别为(69.44±5.32)mg/kg与(125.59±5.62)mg/kg。(2)探究接触时间影响因素过程中,双酚A和双酚S在模拟溶液的溶出量总体在96~168 h内增长较快,直到240 h溶出量达到平衡。(3)探究温度影响因素过程中,在70℃条件下双酚A和双酚S总溶出量均明显大于40℃与25℃。(4)探究模拟溶液影响因素过程中,双酚S在乙酸模拟液中均未溶出,双酚A在乙醇中的溶出量明显高于乙酸,存在相似相溶解效应。

Petrophysical properties and their influencing factors of carbonates in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the measurements of petrological, petrophysical and elastic properties of the samples of different sedimentary facies in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation (Deng 4 Member) in the Sichuan Basin, the diagenetic processes of reservoirs of different sedimentary facies and their controls on the petrophysical properties were discussed. The results show that cracks and mineral composition jointly control the petrophysical properties, and both are significantly influenced by sedimentary environment and diagenesis. The microbial dolomite of mound-shoal facies mainly experienced multi-stage dolomitization, penecontemporaneous dissolution, tectonic rupture and hydrothermal/organic acid dissolution processes, giving rise to cracks and dissolved pores. The grannular dolomite of inter-mound-shoal bottomland or dolomitic lagoon facies mainly underwent mechanical compaction, burial dolomitization and tectonic-hydrothermal action, creating cracks and intercrystalline pores. The diagenesis related to crack development increases the pressure- and saturation-dependent effects of samples, leading to significant decrease in the compressional wave impedance and Poisson's ratio. Dolomitization changes the properties of mineral particles, resulting in a Poisson's ratio close to dolomite. The muddy, siliceous and calcareous sediments in the low-energy environment lead to the decrease of impedance and the differential change of Poisson's ratio (significantly increased or decreased). The samples with both cracks and dissolved pores show high P-wave velocity dispersion characteristics, and the P-wave velocity dispersion of samples with only fractures or pores is the lowest.

[WS_(3)Cu_(2)]簇基超分子框的组装、结构及其三阶非线性光学响应

将二(4-吡啶)硫烷(L_(1))、4,4'-二(4-吡啶)二苯甲酮(L_(2))分别与(Et_(4)N)(Tp*WS_(3))(A)(Tp*=三(3,5-二甲基吡唑)氢合硼酸根)和[Cu(Me CN)_(4)]PF_(6)进行反应,得到2个W/Cu/S簇基超分子化合物[Tp*WS_(3)Cu_(2)(L_(1))]_(2)(PF_(6))_(2)·2Me CN·2CHCl_(3)(1·2Me CN·2CHCl_(3))和[Tp*WS_(3)Cu_(2)(L_(2))(Me CN)]_(2)(PF_(6))_(2)·4Me CN (2·4Me CN)。对配合物1·2Me CN·2CHCl_(3)和2·4Me CN分别进行了单晶X射线衍射、核磁、质谱、红外、紫外可见和元素分析表征。单晶X射线衍射分析表明,它们是由2个L_(1)/L_(2)配体连接2个[Tp*WS_(3)Cu_(2)]~+簇核形成的阳离子型簇基超分子框。核磁氢谱和高分辨电喷雾离子化质谱(HRESI-MS)证明它们在溶液中具有一定的稳定性。并利用Z扫描技术测试了超分子化合物1·2Me CN·2CHCl_(3)和2·4MeCN溶液的三阶非线性光学特性,测试结果表明它们的三阶非线性光学响应强于前驱体A。

TC4表面WC/Ni-MoS_(2)钛基复合涂层组织与摩擦学性能

拟在TC4表面合成Ti-S系自润滑耐磨熔覆层,并探究WC添加对涂层组织与摩擦学性能的影响,设计了TC4+Ni-MoS_(2)+xWC(x=5%、10%和15%)钛基材料体系,通过同轴送粉激光熔覆技术完成了涂层制备。研究表明,增加WC含量不利于改善涂层成形质量,但WC添加量变化并未影响涂层析出相种类,三种涂层均包括TiC、Ti_(2)Ni、Ti_(2)S和β-Ti基体;随着WC含量增大,TiC分布数量增多,粒径增大,生长形态由类球状逐渐演变为花瓣状;润滑相MoS_(2)未能在涂层中得到保留,其完全溶解后在钛基熔池体系下合成了与润滑相TiS等形态相似的条状相Ti_(2)S。三种WC含量的涂层显微硬度和耐磨性能均高于TC4基材,磨损机理均为磨粒磨损,但减摩性能均不低于TC4基材,说明原位Ti_(2)S相不具备自润滑功能;WC含量增加虽然有利于增大涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能,但引起了涂层磨损面质量下降,摩擦系数波幅增大。

Fine quantitative characterization of high-H2S gas reservoirs under the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption

In order to clarify the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption to high-H2S gas reservoirs,three types of natural cores with typical carbonate pore structures were selected for high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement experiments.Fine quantitative characterization of the cores in three steady states(original,after sulfur injection,and after gas flooding)was carried out using the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)transverse relaxation time spectrum and imaging,X-ray computer tomography(CT)of full-diameter cores,basic physical property testing,and field emission scanning electron microscopy imaging.The loss of pore volume caused by sulfur deposition and adsorption mainly comes from the medium and large pores with sizes bigger than 1000μm.Liquid sulfur has a stronger adsorption and deposition ability in smaller pore spaces,and causes greater damage to reservoirs with poor original pore structures.The pore structure of the three types of carbonate reservoirs shows multiple fractal characteristics.The worse the pore structure,the greater the change of internal pore distribution caused by liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption,and the stronger the heterogeneity.Liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption change the pore size distribution,pore connectivity,and heterogeneity of the rock,which further changes the physical properties of the reservoir.After sulfur injection and gas flooding,the permeability of TypeⅠreservoirs with good physical properties decreased by 16%,and that of TypesⅡandⅢreservoirs with poor physical properties decreased by 90%or more,suggesting an extremely high damage.This indicates that the worse the initial physical properties,the greater the damage of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption.Liquid sulfur is adsorbed and deposited in different types of pore space in the forms of flocculence,cobweb,or retinitis,causing different changes in the pore structure and physical property of the reservoir.

Gardening Art of Gu Dongyang's Memorial Temple in Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province

On the basis of explaining goals of building temple gardens,Gu Dongyang’s Memorial Temple in Wuxi City was taken for example to analyze its gardening arts from the perspective of water layout,stone layout,building and plant design,and elaborate its cultural connotations from decorative symbols of its architectural components.It was concluded that Gu Dongyang’s Memorial Temple,in spite of its small size and plain style,had profound historical background and high referential value for furthering the study on temple gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.

Empirical Research on Tourists' After-trip Perception of Landscape Preference in the Confucius Temple in Nanjing City

Thurstone’s Comparative Judgment Model was applied to measure characteristics of tourists’after-trip perception of landscape preference in the Confucius Temple,a famous historical block in Nanjing City.The results show that(a)as time goes by,the tourists’time perception differentiation has continuously sublimated from the general experience into the peak experience,and gradually evolved into the core experience element in the overall perception.In terms of content,perceptional contents of tourists decrease in sequence of the Confucian culture,the commercial culture and the culture of refined scholars.As a whole,tourists’after-trip perception differentiation has 3 sections:halo zone,sub-halo zone,and gray zone.(b)Because of tourism development,the Confucian culture is influenced by other cultures,and the commercial culture shows the trend of"over-generalization",and the culture of refined scholars has weakening carriers and modes of inheritance.Inheritance of its unique cultural connotations deserves increasing attention.

Temple of Diana in Timacum Minus and Some Aspects of Cult of Diana in Territory of Serbia

Three votive monuments dedicated to the cult of Diana have been identified to date in the territory of Roman Municipium Timacum Minus. Two of them are related to erection and restoration of the temple of Diana. According to onomastic formulae of the dedicants’ names, the first monument may be dated into the period of Emperor Hadrian’s rule or immediately after it, and the other into the period of the reign of Marcus Aurelius or directly following it. The main methodological approach in this paper was researching Diana’s cult in general, and then also examining analogies to votive monuments from Timacum Minus in the territory of Serbia. Even though there have been only five such monuments identified to date, analogies show that it was already in 2nd century that the influence of Romanisation in the territory of Serbia was well under way, and that in worshipping Diana, her companions the nymphs, and Apollo-Diana-Silvanus, it was indeed Roman deities that were being worshipped and not interpretatio Romana of indigenous deities. Socio-economic position of the dedicants indicates that they belonged to middle or upper social strata （legatus legionis VII Claudiae piae fidelis, duumvir, pontifex, eques Romanus）.

SnAgCu-Al_(2)O_(3)在不同织构角度下对TiNi润滑行为的影响

目的研究高镍钛基合金(TiNi)的摩擦学性能以提高其使用精度和服役寿命。方法以TiNi为研究对象,结合仿生学方法在TiNi表面设计并制备了鱼鳞状表面织构。随后将复合固体润滑剂Sn AgCu-Al_(2)O_(3)(S-A)均匀填充至织构,使用摩擦磨损测试仪对制备的样品进行摩擦实验。最后利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和三维表面形貌仪对磨痕表面进行表征,重点分析表面织构的角度参数对复合材料Sn Ag Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiNi(S-A/TiNi)摩擦学性能的影响。结果与TiNi相比,当表面织构的角度为70°时,S-A/TiNi-70°的平均摩擦因数和磨损率分别降低约81.8%和85.5%,其值分别约为0.1和1.2×10^(-13)m^(3)/(N·m)。结论研究过程中发现,S-A/TiNi-70°试样表现的优异摩擦学性能依赖于S-A固体润滑膜的完整性,摩擦表面形成的固体润滑膜越连续其表面磨损越小。S-A/TiNi-70°试样优异的摩擦学性能主要归因于在表面织构角度为70°时,织构凹槽中的S-A固体润滑剂相较于其他角度更容易流动。这导致织构凹槽中的润滑剂能够大量迁移到摩擦表面形成S-A固体润滑膜,从而减少了摩擦副和基体直接接触。

碲改质C70S6非调质钢的旋转弯曲疲劳性能

采用升降法和成组法对碲改质C70S6非调质钢进行旋转弯曲疲劳试验,研究了试样的旋转弯曲疲劳性能,分析了碲改质作用机理。结果表明:当置信度为95%,失效概率分别为10%,50%时采用升降法得到的疲劳强度分别为385.0,458.8 MPa,采用成组法时分别为379.9,432.0 MPa,两种方法所测疲劳强度均高于企业要求和未经碲改质C70S6非调质钢;试验钢中硫化物为MnS和Mn(S,Te),大多呈曲率半径小的椭球状,评级结果为细系1.5级,粗系2.0级,其尺寸小于国内未经碲改质C70S6非调质钢,与国外未经碲改质C70S6非调质钢相当;碲改质主要通过调控硫化物形态、减小硫化物尺寸来改善C70S6非调质钢的旋转弯曲疲劳性能。

纳米C-S-H晶核对水泥浆体流变性能的影响

纳米C-S-H晶核由于对水泥早期水化的显著加速效果逐渐被广泛用作早强剂,通过流变仪测试掺纳米C-S-H晶核水泥浆体的塑性黏度、动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力和触变性,以研究纳米C-S-H晶核对水泥浆体流变性能的影响。结果表明:纳米C-S-H晶核掺入水泥浆体后,水泥浆体塑性黏度、动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力和触变性均随之增加,掺量越大,增加越多。水灰比对水泥浆体的流变性能也具有显著影响,水灰比越小,浆体的塑性黏度、动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力和触变性越大。

Zhengy Temple Theatre:Beijing's Oldest Peking Opera Theatre

In a small, deep alley right outside Hepingmen (the Peace Gate), no more than one mile south of the Tian’anmen Square, there stands a Peking opera theatre of great antiquity named Zhengyi Temple Theatre. Built over 300 years ago, it is the sole ancient wooden theatre architecture in the world. There are also six other extant theatres with a similar scale, but Zhenyi Temple Theatre is the oldest. It is generally recognized as a living fossil and milestone in the history of Chinese theatres and often cited as an important

级间分离S形分离钢索高速分离敏感因素分析

级间分离S形分离钢索结构复杂,高速分离过程涉及大变形、复杂非线性接触等问题,其动态变形及力学特性分析是工程设计的难点之一。基于Abaqus建立S形分离钢索动态分离仿真模型,分析了S形分离钢索高速分离动态变形过程及力学特性,并通过地面试验进一步验证建模方法的正确性。研究了S形分离钢索长度、截面直径、拖尾长度、分离速度等多种敏感因素的影响,对工程实际具有一定的指导意义。

C-S-H凝胶无定型纳米孔隙中NaCl蒸发结晶分子动力学分析

氯化钠(NaCl)干湿循环结晶会对水泥混凝土材料产生破坏,现有试验方法存在局限性,很难从纳米尺度对盐结晶破坏机理进行研究。因此本文采用分子动力学方法,针对水泥水化主要微观产物水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶,研究NaCl在C-S-H凝胶无定型孔隙中蒸发结晶过程和结晶破坏机理。结果表明,本文构建的C-S-H凝胶无定型模型更接近于低密度的C-S-H凝胶模型,NaCl在这个模型孔隙中蒸发结晶遵循两步成核机制,蒸发结晶后的NaCl晶体填充C-S-H凝胶纳米孔隙,会显著降低C-S-H凝胶整体抗拉变形能力,使C-S-H凝胶变脆,这一结论为解释C-S-H凝胶在蒸发结晶作用下产生破坏的现象提供了依据。