The Evolution of Landscape Layout Concept of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples in the Qing Dynasty

The replacement of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples from Lingbao Sect to Quanzhen Sect in the Qing Dynasty has led to the change of the layout of Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain. Through literature review, field research, image comparison and other research methods, the paper explores how the layout of the Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain evolved from the Four Taoist Temples in the Gehong period to the Five Taoist Temples in the Qing Dynasty under the influence of different Taoist ideologies, aiming to explore the cultural implications of the evolution of the layout of Lingnan Taoism Zuting Temple in the Qing Dynasty.

Study Correlation between Physical-Mineralogical Properties of Sandstone Used in Ptolemaic Temples in Upper Egypt and Its Weathering Resistance

This article focuses on study of a relation between physical-mineralogical properties of sandstone used in Ptolemaic temples in Upper Egypt and its resistance of deterioration factors affecting it. In the present study, sandstone samples were collected from four sites;namely the temples of Dendera, Esna, Edfu and Kom Ombo which are located in Upper Egypt. Polarized light microscope (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine mineralogical properties, microstructure, and chemical compositions of the deteriorated sandstone samples, addition to physical properties tests;results of the study confirmed that sandstone samples containing a high percentage of salts, clay minerals and iron oxides have been significantly affected by deterioration factors. The deteriorated sandstone samples were treated by paraloid B72 3% enhanced with Nano silica 5% to improve the physical properties of stone. Results of the study indicated that the samples which were consolidated by Nanoparticles based on acrylic Copolymers (Paraloid B72 and its Nanocomposite with Nano silica) achieved the best results for improvement of its physical-mineralogical properties. This is the ultimate aim of the study for the purpose of conservation and sustainability of building materials of the temples.

Ming Dynasty Eunuchs and Their Temples

IN 1513, construction ofDahui Temple, deep in thewoods of Beijing’s westernoutskirts, was completed,along with a number of othertemples scattered throughout thecity. The Ming EmperorZhengde personally inscribed atablet, and a stele was erected

Guan Yu Temples in Tibet

Ｇｕａｎ Ｙｕ Ｔｅｍｐｌｅｓ ｉｎ ＴｉｂｅｔＧｕａｎＹｕＴｅｍｐｌｅｓｉｎＴｉｂｅｔ￥ＣＨＥＮＣＯＮＧＬＩＧｕａｎＹｕ，ａｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＨａｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ，ｗａｓａｆａｍｏｕｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＳｔａｔｅｏｆＳｈｕ（２...

3D Finite Elements Technique for Collapse Causes of the Pylons in Egyptian Temples: A Study of the Great Pylon of Ramesseum Temple, Luxor, Egypt

This research presents damage causes of the pylons in the ancient Egyptian temples based on 3D finite elements analysis. The main purpose of the research determines the failure causes of the first pylon of the Ramessium temple, which is situated in Upper Egypt, at Luxor “Thebes” on the west bank of the Nile River. The first pylon of Ramessium temple subjected to seismic activity effects on long term, combined with several structural damage factors such as the defects resulting from the construction technique, where the builder used the poor quality of stones in foundations of the pylon, the building materials residue was used as filler for the core of the pylon walls, and it lacked vertical joints between the courses. In addition to it founded on alluvial soil that is vulnerable to contaminated water, it is still suffering damage factors and urban trespasses at the moment. All of the former factors helped the pylon to be affected by the earthquakes loads that occurred on it. The structural behavior of the pylon under self-weight and earthquakes loads were carried out by Numerical analysis to find out the loads and stresses which caused collapsing of the pylon. Results of the study indicated that the pylon subjected to a horizontal displacement due to old earthquakes force, led to collapse of the pylon. Finally, the study represents use of modern technique to study the structural behavior of the most important architectural units in ancient Egyptian temples to identify the causes of its collapse.

Study on Further Development of Temples in the Mount Tai from the Perspective of Experience Economy

From the perspective of experience economy, this paper proposed that traditional temple sightseeing has been unable to meet needs of tourists, temple cultural sites must pay more attention to visitors' experience in tourism development. On the basis of analyzing characteristics of temple cultures in the Mount Tai and problems in its tourism development, strategies for the development of temple cultures in the Mount Tai were given from the perspective of experience economy.

Compared Study of Authentic Culture on Three Guangdong Ancestral Temples

In this article, three Guangdong’s ancestral temples are taken as case studies to explore strategies for cultural heritage conservation. Heritage conservation is very important not only for our missing of past, but in order that our own cultural identity can be formed today. In China, different stakeholders hold various views on heritage protection and conflicts often take place. Particularly, many folk religion’s cultural heritages face a dangerous scenario and could even be damaged or destroyed for a variety of “reason”. This article tries to re-examine fundamental values and assessment criteria for cultural heritage conservation. The authenticity is a core concept involved with those of issues. Based on the views of culture place, the author puts forward the concept of “emic culture authenticity” as a hinge to explore authentic culture ecology of heritage and its model, to facilitate the cultural heritage conservation and reuse by the strategies of classification and adaptation.

State Council of China Outlines Ten Priorities for Conservation and Utilization of Grotto Temples

The General Office of the State Council recently released the Guidelines for Strengthening the Conservation and Utilization of Grotto Temples,outlining ten priorities to be carried out as follows:First,increasing efforts to rescue and protect grotto temples.Surveys of the state of conservation of grotto temples will be launched nationwide and specific conservation and utilization plans prepared.

Historiography and Scientific Research of Religious Buildings of the Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture

The purpose of this article is to reveal the historiography and current state of research related to the cult buildings of the Eneolithic period of the Cucuteni-Trypillian cultural community.The article describes the historical path of archaeological discoveries,from the first Trypillian sanctuaries to the discovery of the largest Nebelivka temple complex in Ukraine in 2012.At the same time,the work partially raises the issue of religious beliefs of the ancient farmers of Central Europe in connection with the discovery of their sacred buildings.Since special scientific works have not comprehensively addressed this issue and are still fragmentary in nature,it is important at the present stage of research to make some coverage and systematization of existing materials on this issue.

LE DEMI-SICLE, DE MOÏSE AU FISCUS IUDAICUS. HISTOIRE D’UNE TÉLÉOLOGIE

Many sources are brought together in scholarship in order to write the linear story of a specific tax,the half shekel tax paid each year by the Jews to the Temple of Jerusalem and,then,confiscated by the fiscus Iudaicus in Roman times.But do these sources refer to the same tax?In this paper,I defend the idea that the linearity of this story is a fiction.Many taxes were levied and justified by the memory of a Biblical tax,but they are all different in meaning,in administration and sometimes even in value.The story is a political one:how to justify a tax in ancient Judaism?

Study on Traditional Architectural Decoration Patterns of Temple of the Three Sus

Temple of the Three Sus,which was first established during the Yuan Dynasty,features a natural,unrestrained,and classically elegant garden architectural style.This paper discusses the multiple characteristics and meanings of traditional architectural decorative patterns at Temple of the Three Sus from a semiotic perspective.First,it analyzes the denotative aspects of these patterns,including their stylistic forms,structural frameworks,and craftsmanship techniques.Second,the paper classifies the traditional architectural decorative patterns of the Temple of the Three Sus based on the types of sources of these patterns and interprets the implied meanings of each.Finally,the paper explores the application of these traditional decorative patterns in modern urban design,specifically in Meishan City,discussing the inheritance and innovation of these patterns in contemporary urban design and emphasizing the importance of integrating tradition with modernity.

Old Beijing Temples Share the Hill with Modern Art

THE western hills, with their grand peaks, forests and springs, clasp Beijing in its arms, protecting the area’s temples and stone sculptures. The beautiful, meandering Miaofeng Hill begins 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Beside its main peak is a group of towering stones which, from a distance look like blooming lotuses. Amid the towering stones, a single boulder glows in the sunshine. For this reason it is called Golden Lotus Peak. At one time the hill monks worshipped different deities.

Dali:Home of Temples,Mountains and Cheese China's Answer to Banff

Nestled along the picturesque shoreline of Erhai Lake and in the shadow of the imposing Changshan range,Dali exemplifies the back­packer vibes that have faded into oblivion in so many of China's larger cities.

Analysis and Study on Decorative Art Characteristics of Xianweng Temple in Bofang Village, Gaoping, Shanxi, China

There are many important ancient buildings left in Bofang Village with a long history.The Xianweng Temple located in the north of the village is the only Taoist building in the ancient building group of Bofang Village.Its historical origin can be traced back to Tang and Song dynasties.The temple is a collection of gardens,buildings,painted in one place,all aspects of the achievement is quite high.Through the study of the decorative art characteristics of Xien-weng Temple in Bofang Village,Gaoping,this paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of Taoist architectural decoration in Shanxi,excavates the great value of its existence,and inspires more people to reflect on the protection of ancient buildings.

Study on Futon Patterns in Mural of Buddhist Temple in Wutai Mountain under Digital Vision

Dao Xuan’s Gantonglu records:“About fifteen kilometers down from the southeast of the Wutai Mountain,there is the ancient Dafu Lingjiu Temple,and there are two Taoist temples in the east and west,where Buddhist matters are fulfilled.According to ancient legend,it was made by Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty”(Daoxuan,Tang Dynasty,p.257).It can be seen that Buddhism has been introduced into Wutai Mountain since the Eastern Han Dynasty,and Buddhist temple murals have been painted on the walls of temples with the introduction of Buddhism,playing the role of spreading scriptures and decorating the walls.The pattern of Buddha’s futon base in the murals reflects the worship and rank differences of Buddhist monks in different periods.As a medium of meditation and worship,futuan is also a ritual instrument in Buddhist legend,which is of great significance.The research on the style of futon from the perspective of the frescoes in the temple of Wutai Mountain mainly focuses on the historical evolution of the frescoes and futon,the research and analysis of the base shape,pattern,composition and color of the futon in the frescoes of the temple.Explore the religious significance and historical and cultural value behind the futon style.

Review of the Relocation of General Zhang Fei’s Temple in View of the Three Gorges Dam Project

As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.

南京地区寺庙园林植物群落特征研究

1研究地概况与方法1.1研究地概况南京位于江苏省西南部,地理坐标为31°14’～32°37’N,118°22’～119°14’E,总面积达6597km2。属北亚热带季风湿润气候区,地带性土壤为黄棕壤;历年平均气温14.4℃,年均最高气温20.4℃,平均最低气温11.6℃,极端最高气温43℃,极端最低气温-14℃;全年无霜期达250～300d;雨水充沛,年平均降雨117d,降水量1106.5mm;地带性植被为带有常绿性质的落叶阔叶林;目前以次生林和人工林为主。研究的寺庙园林植物群落以人工群落为主,人为干扰显著。

五龙庙环境整治,芮城,中国

位于山西省芮城县的五龙庙是现存最早的道教建筑。龙王庙祈雨文化的消失、乡村邻里中心的衰弱,都让五龙泉这一村民的精神中心沦落。设计使这个千年古庙的文物本体在获得国家文保资金修葺之后,又获得了环境品质的改善,将一个孤立古庙转换为一座关于中国古代建筑的博物馆,融入到当下生活。

禅宗教义烘托下的景观形态及其场所精神——成都文殊院景观环境分析评价(英文)

The paper had illustrated current status of Chinese temple gardens and background of Wenshu Temple in Chengdu City,analyzed that landscape spatial pattern of Wenshu Temple was characterized by introverted enclosed quadrangle courtyard including religious activity zone,life activities zone and garden rest zone.It also discussed the influences of artistic conception of Zen on spirit of place of landscape space in the perspectives of Zen architectural factors,introverted national culture,religious color of architectural space,and cultural landscape.It had proposed that there existed imperfections in later management of greening and landscaping in Wenshu Temple,and some problems such as enclosed space and isolated space from surrounding historical and cultural carrier.It pointed out that landscape perseverance was a long process and it should not restrict to protection of internal environment of carrier space but should enhance restoration of external part and relevant parts to display cultural and economic value of historical and cultural carrier.

城市寺院之社会价值

自汉明帝永平十年起佛教传入中国大地，到千年后的今天，宗教在中国有着独特而重要的作用，大小寺院也遍及中国的大江南北。寺院在中国不仅作为宗教活动进行的场所，其本身的建筑艺术，强大的影响力也在城市发展进程中扮演重要角色。近年来，现代城市蓬勃崛起，寺院的作用也有了新的拓展领域，其社会作用不容小视，像是教育功用，庆典活动所承载的文化推广作用以及慈善，旅游带来的经济效益都是重要的方面。本文通过近几年对北京雍和宫①以及台北龙山寺②的探访心得结合相关网站数据，对现代寺院在都会城市中发挥的社会价值进行探讨。