Spatial and temporal variations of water quality in Cao-E River of eastern China

Evaluation and analysis of water quality variations were performed with integrated consideration of water quality parameters, hydrological-meteorologic and anthropogenic factors in Cao-E River, Zhejiang Province of China. Cao-E River system has been polluted and the water quality of some reaches are inferior to Grade V according to National Surface Water Quality Standard of China （GB2002）. However, mainly polluted indices of each tributary and mainstream are different. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in the water are the main polluted indices for mainstream that varies from 1.52 to 45.85 mg/L and 0.02 to 4.02 mg/L, respectively. TN is the main polluted indices for Sub-watershed Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ（0.76 to 18.27 mg/L）. BOD5 （0.36 to 289.5 mg/L）, CODMn （0.47 to 78.86 mg/L）, TN （0.74 to 31.09 mg/L） and TP （0 to 3.75 mg/L） are the main polluted indices for Sub-watershed Ⅲ. There are tow pollution types along the river including nonpoint source pollution and point source pollution types. Remarkably temporal variations with a few spatial variations occur in nonpoint pollution type reaches （including mainstream, Sub-watershed Ⅰ and Ⅱ） that mainly drained by arable field and/or dispersive rural dwelling district, and the maximum pollutant concentration appears in flooding seasons. It implied that the runoff increases the pollutant concentration of the water in the nonpoint pollution type reaches. On the other hand, remarkably spatial variations occur in the point pollution type reaches （include Sub-watershed Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ） and the maximum pollutant concentration appears in urban reaches. The runoff always decreases the pollutant concentration of the river water in the seriously polluted reaches that drained by industrial point sewage. But for the point pollution reaches resulted from centralized town domestic sewage pipeline and from frequent shipping and digging sands, rainfall always increased the concentration of pollutant （TN） in the river water too. Pollution controls were respectively suggested for these tow types according to different pollution causes.

Long-term temporal-spatial dynamics of marine coastal water quality in the Tolo Harbor,Hong Kong,China

The long-term temporal and spatial dynamics of marine coastal water quality in Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong were explored. The Harbor is divided into three zones represented as Harbor, Buffer, and Channel Subzones. The time range for the study covers the period from the 1970s to the 1990s. The selected indicators for the comprehensive assessment of water quality consist of physical, chemical and biological aspects, including suspended solids(SS), Secchi disk depth(SD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD\-5), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), faecal coliform, chlorophyll-a(Chl-a), and the number of red tide occurrences. The results indicated the presence of obvious temporal and spatial trends with regard to changes in water quality. Spatially, water quality in the Channel Subzone is the best, while that in the Harbor Subzone is the worst. On a temporal basis, the average trend from bad to good was 1980s>1990s>1970s as indicated by most of the selected water quality indicators. Water quality during the late 1980s reached its worst level with the lowest SD, the highest BOD\-5, TN, TP, Chl-a concentrations, and the number of red tide occurrences. These long-term temporal-spatial water quality trends were also found in other studies of the Tolo Harbor. The large quantity of pollutants produced as a result of increasing population, industrial and commercial actives, and urbanization and industrialization trends in both Shatin and Tai Po seem to be primarily responsible for the changes in marine coastal water quality.

Analysis on temporal and spatial variations of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics in the past decade in southern plain of Beijing, China

Groundwater utilization and protection are crucial for sustainable urban development. This is especially true for Beijing, where groundwater is an important source for urban water supply. In this study, statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and Piper-Tri-linear diagram, were used in analyzing the temporal and spatial variations of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater based on monitored data from the southern plain of Beijing, China. Results indicated consistent changes of groundwater's hydrochemical characteristics in different aquifers in the study area. The percentage of HCO_3^-in total anion increased significantly in the groundwater, and hydrochemical water type evolved gradually from Ca-Mg-Cl-SO_4 based to Ca-Mg-HCO_3 based from period 2005-2007 to period 2013-2015. In shallow groundwater, the concentration of Na^+, Ca^(2+), SO_4^(2-), HCO_3^-, and total dissolved solids(TDS) increased from period 2005-2007 to period 2013-2015, and the greatest change came from HCO_3^-, rising from 428.93 to 528.96 mgL^(-1). The changes of main ionic concentrations in the deep groundwater were consistent with those in the shallow groundwater for both periods. However, the variations in deep groundwater were less than those in shallow groundwater. The temporal and spatial variations of hydrochemical characteristics reflect the groundwater quality in the study area. This study could facilitate decision-making process on the protection of groundwater resources to ensure its sustainable utilization.

Evaluation of spatial-temporal dynamics in surface water temperature of Qinghai Lake from 2001 to 2010 by using MODIS data

Lake surface water temperature （SWT） is an important indicator of lake state relative to its water chemistry and aquatic ecosystem,in addition to being an important regional climate indicator.However,few literatures involving spatial-temporal changes of lake SWT in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,including Qinghai Lake,are available.Our objective is to study the spatial-temporal changes in SWT of Qinghai Lake from 2001 to 2010,using Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data.Based on each pixel,we calculated the temporal SWT variations and long-term trends,compared the spatial patterns of annual average SWT in different years,and mapped and analyzed the seasonal cycles of the spatial patterns of SWT.The results revealed that the differences between the average daily SWT and air temperature during the temperature decreasing phase were relatively larger than those during the temperature increasing phase.The increasing rate of the annual average SWT during the study period was about 0.01℃/a,followed by an increasing rate of about 0.05℃/a in annual average air temperature.The annual average SWT from 2001 to 2010 showed similar spatial patterns,while the SWT spatial changes from January to December demonstrated an interesting seasonal reversion pattern.The high-temperature area transformed stepwise from the south to the north regions and then back to the south region from January to December,whereas the low-temperature area demonstrated a reversed annual cyclical trace.The spatial-temporal patterns of SWTs were shaped by the topography of the lake basin and the distribution of drainages.

Temporal-spatial Change of Cr Content in Bottom Waters

Based on the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in 1981,current situation and horizontal distribution of Cr content in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth were studied. Results showed that in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center,Cr content changed from 0. 50 to3. 78 μg/L in April. In August,Cr content changed from 0. 14 to 1. 42 μg/L in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth. It showed that Cr content corresponded with national class-one seawater quality standard(50. 00 μg/L) at different times and spaces,and Cr content was far less than5. 00 μg/L. Therefore,under the effect of vertical water body,water quality was clean in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay,which was not polluted by Cr. In bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center in April and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth in August,Cr transported by the river came to the bottom layer from surface layer by passing through water body in temporal-spatial change process. Under the effects of gravity and water flow,Cr continuously and quickly sank to the sea bottom. It verified the sedimentation process of Cr content.

Relationship between the variation of water quality in rivers and the characteristics of watershed at Miyun, Beijing, China

Based on the characteristics of land use and drainage network of the upper watershed of the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, 26 monitoring and sampling sites were selected in different sub-catchments. Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient loss were dealt with in this paper in terms of the monitoring data on the water quality of the main tributaries flowing into the Miyun Reservoir. In combination with the monitoring data on water quality, the impacts of watershed characteristics including land-use type, landscape pattern, and drainage density were assessed. The concentrations of nutrients in the rainy season are higher than those in other seasons, and the concentrations of NO3--N are linearly related to those of total N which is the main form of nitrogen present in the river water. The concentrations of nitrogen become higher toward the reservoir along the main rivers. The seasonal variation of nitrogen in the watershed affected by intensive human activities is very obvious; in the watershed with steady or low water flow, the seasonal variation of nitrogen is less obvious. Forest land and grassland can trap and filter nitrogen effectively. Land-use pattern also has important impacts on the loss of nitrogen. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies show great temporal and spatial variations. On a temporal scale, the concentrations of TN and TP in the rainy reason are higher than those in other seasons. On a spatial scale, the concentrations of TN and NO3--N in the Qingshui River and Chaohe River are highest all the time. The spatial variation of TP is distinct, being obvious at sampling sites near villages. The form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss varies in different hydrological seasons. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in streams in non-rainy seasons, the dissolved nitrogen and total nitrogen decrease in percentage in the rainy season. Particulate nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in some rivers. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N from orchards and villages are high whereas those from forest land are lowest. Land-use pattern has impacts on TN and NO3--N losses, at the sampling sites near the source landscape,the concentrations are higher than those at the sampling sites near the sink landscape. Water quality of the rivers which flow into the Miyuan Reservior is influenced by the composition of adjacent soils.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Riverine Nutrients in a Typical Hilly Watershed in Southeast China Using Multivariate Statistics Tools

The water quality of lakes can be degraded by excessive riverine nutrients.Riverine water quality generally varies depending on region and season because of the spatiotemporal variations in natural factors and anthropogenic activities.Monthly water quality measurements of eight water quality variables were analyzed for two years at 16 sites of the Tianmuhu watershed.The variables were examined using hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis(FA/PCA) to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in riverine nutrients and to identify their potential sources.HCA revealed three geographical groups and three periods.Two drainages comprising towns and large villages were the most polluted, six drainages comprising widely distributed tea plantations and orchards were moderately polluted, and eight drainages without the factors were the least polluted.The river was most polluted in June when the first heavy rain(daily rainfall > 50 mm) occurs after fertilization and the number of rainy days is most(monthly number of rainy days > 20 days).Moderate pollution was observed from October to May, during which morethan 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied to the cropland, the total manure is applied to tea plantations and orchards, and a monthly rainfall ranging from 0 mm to 164 mm occurs.The remaining months were characterized by frequent raining(i.e., number of rainy days per month ranged from 5 to 24) and little use of fertilizers, and were thus least polluted.FA/PCA identified that the greatest pollution sources were the runoff from tea plantations and orchards,domestic pollution and the surface runoff from towns and villages, and rural sewage, which had extremely high contributions of riverine nitrogen, phosphorus,and chemical oxygen demand, respectively.The tea plantations and orchards promoted by the agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) were not environmentally friendly.Riverine nitrogen is a major water pollution parameter in hilly watersheds affected by ACD, and this parameter would not be reduced unless its loss load through the runoff from tea plantations and orchards is effectively controlled.

基于InVEST模型的潦河流域生境质量时空演变分析

为了揭示潦河流域生境质量时空演变特征,本文基于2000年、2010年、2020年土地利用数据,采用InVEST模型,对潦河流域3期生境质量及其退化状况进行研究。结果表明:2000年-2020年潦河流域主要土地利用类型为林地,其次为耕地、建设用地、水域。林地、耕地面积均呈现减少的趋势,建设用地呈现增长趋势,三者之间的相互转化较为明显。从空间上来看,潦河流域生境质量呈现出“西北高、东南低”的空间分布特征。生境质量高等级占比最大,均在65%以上。生境质量退化程度呈现出“东南高、西北低”的空间分布特征。3期生境质量指数均值分别为0.783、0.777、0.770。从时间上来看,生境质量呈现出逐渐下降趋势,但总体变化不大。生境质量退化程度则呈现出退化加剧且有向西北方向蔓延的趋势。

Habitat quality assessment of mining cities based on InVEST model—a case study of Yanshan County,Jiangxi Province

The assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality caused by land use changes can provide a scientifc basis for the ecological protection and green development of mining cities.Taking Yanshan County as an example of a typical mining city,this article discussed the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of habitat quality in 2000 and 2018 based on the ArcGIS platform and the InVEST model.The conclusions are as below:from 2000 to 2018,the area of farmland and construction land changed the most in the study area.Among them,the area of farmland decreased by 3.48%,and the area of industrial and mining land and construction land increased by 53.25%.Areas of low,relatively low and high habitat quality expanded,and areas of medium and relatively high habitat quality shrank,which is closely related to the distribution of land use.The areas with high habitat degradation degrees appear around cities,mining areas and watersheds,while the areas with low habitat degradation degrees are mainly distributed in the southern woodland.The distribution of cold and hot spots in the habitat quality distribution of Yanshan County presents a pattern of“hot in the south and cold in the north”.The results are of great signifcance to the precise implementation of ecosystem management decisions in mining cities and the creation of a landscape pattern of“beautiful countrysides,green cities,and green mines”.

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in water quality using multivariate statistical methods： a case study of the Xin＇anjiang River, China

This study evaluated the temporal and spatial variations of water quality data sets for the Xin＇anjiang River through the use of multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis （CA）, discriminant analysis （DA）, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis （PCA）. The water samples, measured by ten parameters, were collected every month for three years （2008-2010） from eight sampling stations located along the river. The hierarchical CA classified the 12 months into three periods （First, Second and Third Period） and the eight sampling sites into three groups （Groups 1, 2 and 3） based on seasonal differences and various pollution levels caused by physicochemical properties and anthropogenic activ- ities. DA identified three significant parameters （tempera- ture, pH and E.coli） to distinguish temporal groups with close to 76% correct assignment. The DA also discovered five parameters （temperature, electricity conductivity, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus） for spatial variation analysis, with 80.56% correct assignment. The non-parametric correlation coefficient （Spear- man R） explained the relationship between the water quality parameters and the basin characteristics, and the GIS made the results visual and direct. The PCA identified four PCs for Groups 1 and 2, and three PCs for Group 3. These PCs captured 68.94%, 67.48% and 70.35% of the total variance of Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although natural pollution affects the Xin＇anjiang River, the main sources of pollution included agricultural activities, industrial waste, and domestic wastewater.

Analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of water quality in China＇s major river basins, and trends between 2005 and 2010

In this study, based on environmental quality monitoring data on 22 pollutants from 490 control sections, we analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal changes of water quality in ten Chinese river basins （watersheds） to reveal the trends from 2005 to 2010. We used a comprehensive water pollution index （WPI） and the proportions of this index accounted for by the three major pollutants to analyze how economic development has influenced water quality. Higher values of the index represent more serious pollution. We found that WPI was much higher for the Hai River Basin （1.83 to 5.60 times the averages in other regions）. In the Yangtze River Basin, WPI increased from upstream to downstream. The indices of some provinces toward the middle of a basin, such as Hebei Province in the Hal River Basin, Shanxi Province in the Yellow River Basin, and Anhui Province in the Huai River Basin, were higher than those of upstream and downstream provinces. In the Songhua, Liao, and South- east river basins, WPI decreased during the study period： in 2010, it decreased by 33.9%, 44.3%, and 67.2%, respectively, compared with the 2005 value. In the Pearl River, Southwest, and Inland river basins, WPI increased by 23.1%, 47.7%, and 38.5% in 2010, compared with 2005. A comparison of WPI with the GDP of each province showed that the water pollution generated by economic development was lightest in northwestern, southwestern, and northeastern China, and highest in central and eastern China, and that the water environment in some coastal regions were improving. However, some provinces （e.g., Shanxi Province） were seriously polluted.

扬州市邗江区耕地时空变化及驱动因素分析

以扬州市邗江区耕地为研究对象,在对耕地数量、质量现状分析的基础上,采用土地利用动态变化分析法对耕地数量、质量进行时空变化分析,采用灰色关联法对耕地数量变化的驱动因素进行分析。结果表明:研究期内耕地面积有所减少,动态度较小;受城市快速发展和农业结构调整影响,减少的耕地主要转为建设用地和林地。新增耕地主要来源于城乡用地增减挂钩、耕地占补平衡、土地综合整治等项目,耕地质量较高。城镇化率、总人口、第二三产业占地区生产总值比重、GDP、粮食总产量、粮食作物播种面积是影响耕地数量变化的主要驱动因素。

盐城市河道水质时空分布特征分析

为了解盐城市2022年河道水质时空分布特征,本文整理了122条骨干河道的水质监测数据,采用水质标识指数、多元统计分析、GIS空间分析相结合的方法研究其时空特征及驱动因子。结果表明,2022年综合水质标识指数(WQI)优于(含)Ⅲ类水的占比为95.5%,高锰酸盐指数、总磷为主要污染因子,以点源和面源污染为主的断面占比分别为21.9%和36.8%。WQI具有较为显著的空间聚集特征。水质受农田灌溉、畜牧养殖、地表径流污染影响较为明显。建议监控上游来水、控制农业面源污染和着重关注东台、射阳、建湖的水环境治理。

Assessment of spatial and seasonal water quality variation of Oum Er Rbia River(Morocco)using multivariate statistical techniques

The aim of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal water quality variation and to determine the main contamination sources in the Oum Er Rbia River and its main tributary,El Abid River.The water quality data were collected during 2000-2012 from fourteen sampling stations distributed along the river.The water quality indicators used were TEMP,pH,EC,turbidity,TSS,DO,NH_(4)^(+),NH_(3)^(-),TP,BOD5,COD and F.coli.The water quality data was analyzed using multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation,PCA,and CA.The results showed that in some stations the water quality parameters were over Moroccan water standards.PCA applied to compare the compositional patterns among the analyzed water samples,identified and four factors accounting for almost 63% of the total variation in the data.This suggests that the variations in water compounds’concentration are mainly related to point source contamination(domestic and industrial wastewater),non-point source contamination(agriculture activities),as well as natural processes(weathering of soil and rock).CA showed relatively spatial and seasonal changes in surface water quality,which are usually indicators of contamination with rainfalls or other sources.Overall,this study showed that the water was potentially hazardous to health of the consumers and highlighted the need to treat industrial and municipal wastewater and to encourage sustainable agricultural practices to prevent adverse health effects.We therefore suggest wise management of anthropogenic activities in the catchment of Oum Er Bia River and their tributaries.

基于GEE的白洋淀水体生态补水后时空格局变化分析

生态补水是白洋淀生态环境治理的一项重要举措,根据生态补水机制的变化过程,将白洋淀的生态补水过程分为临时补水阶段、应急补水阶段和稳定补水阶段。为进行各生态补水阶段下白洋淀水体的时空格局变化分析,通过GEE对白洋淀在1990-2022年的701幅遥感影像进行水体和冰体提取,分析不同阶段下水体时空变化格局,以及专门分析了冬季结冰期的冰体面积变化。主要得出以下结论:①在各个生态补水阶段,白洋淀水体面积均呈现在夏季最小,冬春季最大的特点,而随着生态补水机制的不断完善,白洋淀水体面积变化幅度逐渐减小,呈现“削峰补低”的变化规律,其中临时补水阶段的逐月平均水体面积介于0.63~186.03 km^(2),稳定补水阶段的逐月平均水体面积介于17.88~109.15 km^(2),变化幅度减小了50.77%;②生态补水机制的完善让白洋淀呈现永久性水体大幅增加,间歇性水体大幅减小的变化规律,其中临时补水阶段永久性水体面积为7.66 km^(2),而稳定补水阶段的永久性水体面积为23.62 km^(2),增加了208.16%,间歇性水体面积则从263.50 km^(2)减少到143.58 km^(2),减小了45.51%;③从冰体面积变化角度分析,随着生态补水机制的不断完善,白洋淀的冰体面积不断减小,其中一月份的平均冰体面积从72.77 km^(2)减小到12.60 km^(2),减小了82.69%。结果表明:生态补水机制的完善并没有导致白洋淀水体面积不断增加,而是使白洋淀的水体环境更加破碎化;在全球变暖以及其他因素的影响下,白洋淀的冰体面积大幅减小;这种趋于破碎化、板块化的水域特征可能不利于生物多样性的保护,但鉴于生态系统对于水文响应具有滞后性,今后需进一步加强生态水文响应过程监测和研究。

黑白河流域湿地水文蓄调功能量化及对比研究

【目的】位于若尔盖高原的黑河和白河同属黄河上游一级支流,在高寒湿地水文对比研究方面颇具代表性。【方法】按水量平衡原理,采用SWAT模型对黑河和白河流域山地系统出流进行模拟,以此作为平原区湿地的横向补给量;结合降水和蒸散发等垂向水文动态,就两河流域湿地水文过程进行分析;再根据湿地土壤水文物理属性估算其静储量;上述动、静储量相结合,就两河流域湿地水文蓄调的年际变化及其功能进行综合研究。【结果】结果显示:2001—2015年间,黑河流域湿地蓄水累计增持19.48亿m^(3);白河流域湿地蓄水累计减持23.08亿m^(3);黑白河流域湿地静储量分别为20.06亿m^(3)和4.59亿m^(3),泥炭沼泽土静储量最大,永冻土静储量最小;统计期间,湿地蓄调功能指数在黑、白河流域均呈降低趋势,黑河湿地的指数降幅高于白河。【结论】结果表明:SWAT模型在黑、白河流域的适用性良好;研究时段内,黑河流域湿地蓄水总体呈增加状态,白河流域湿地蓄水总体呈减少状态;湿地土壤类型和面积大小是影响静储量的关键因素;黑、白河流域湿地蓄持功能总体发生蜕减。研究可为高寒湿地水文蓄调能力提升暨湿地保护提供方法和数据参考。

我国区域用水总量演变规律及驱动效应研究

针对当前我国稳步推进的节水和水网建设的工作需求,以及水资源时空分布严重不均,各地区经济发展水平、人口规模等存在较大差异的特点,利用我国2000-2020年各省级行政区的用水量、产业增加值、人口结构等数据,采用LMDI指数分解法和GDP不变价换算方法,从时间和空间两个角度分析了各分区用水总量、用水结构变化差异以及用水强度、产业结构、经济规模和人口规模四方面驱动效应的强度和贡献比例,旨在支撑我国水资源规划和管理以及用水结构调整。从时间角度,经济增长是我国用水总量增加的最主要驱动因素,行业用水强度降低和产业结构调整尤其是第一产业用水强度和占比的降低是抑制区域用水总量增加的主要因素,其中用水强度效应略大于产业结构效应,而人口规模增加对用水总量增加的作用效果不明显,因此我国的用水量控制应该在提高用水效率、优化升级产业结构的策略上。从空间角度方面,我国各大分区4种驱动效应对用水总量上升的促进或抑制作用稳定,西南、西北等内陆地区需要在优化产业结构的基础上大力发展经济规模,同时西北地区还迫切需要提高第一产业用水效率,而华东地区可适当控制人口规模,东北和西北则需要控制人口流出,以缩小我国各区域用水量的空间差异。

极端天气下三峡库区土地利用对河流水质的多时空尺度影响

为探究极端天气下流域内水质对土地利用的响应关系,本研究基于不同空间尺度(1000 m河段缓冲区、500 m河岸带缓冲区及子流域)的土地利用指数以及旱季(2019年11月)、雨季-洪水期(2020年7月)和雨季-干旱期(2022年8月)的水质数据,探究流域内土地利用对水质的多时空尺度影响,从而得到保护流域水质和规划流域内土地利用格局的最佳时空尺度和对水质影响最显著的预测因子。研究表明:(1)流域水质受极端天气影响,降雨会增强水体的稀释能力,高温会加快水中微生物反应速率,具体表现为雨季-洪水期的水质较好,雨季-干旱期次之,旱季较差。(2)土地利用对水质指标的影响存在时空尺度效应,土地利用在子流域和旱季尺度下对河流水质影响最显著。(3)不同土地利用指数对流域水质影响存在差异,耕地、林地、斑块密度、最大斑块指数和边缘密度是影响水质指标最显著的解释变量。其中林地与多数水质指标具有负相关关系,建设用地、耕地、斑块密度与较多水质指标存在正相关关系。本研究结果为合理规划土地利用格局以及保护河流水质提供科学依据,对三峡库区环境可持续发展及生态保护具有一定意义。

太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化特征分析

为了解太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化,于2022年6—9月,在芦苇湿地时空分布调查的基础上,分别采集典型湖滨带芦苇湿地表层水体样品,测定pH、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)等水质理化指标,并对湿地水质时空变化特征和水体富营养化状态进行分析。结果表明,所调查的7片芦苇湿地中pH、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、水温(WT)月间变化差异均极显著(p<0.01),COD Mn月间差异显著(p<0.05),但TN、TP、NH+4-N和Chl-a月间变化无显著差异(p>0.05)。所有水质理化指标在竺山湾、月亮湾、梅梁湾和贡湖湾芦苇湿地间均具有显著差异性(p<0.05)。湿地夏季水体基本呈中度或重度富营养化状态,时间上8月水质最差,地理位置上月亮湾最差。太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地水体属于磷限制型,限制磷元素的输入可有效控制湖滨带苇区水体富营养化的程度。

三岔河干流水质相关性及时空变化特征研究

三岔河是乌江的源头,为充分了解三岔河流域水质状况,更好的保护源头水,研究了2022年三岔河干流水质时空变化特征及DO、pH、NH_(3)-N、TN、COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、COD_(Mn)和TP等8项监测指标之间的相关性。结果表明:1)三岔河干流全年水质均保持在Ⅲ类及以上类别(TN不参与评价),水体水质良好,水体全年呈现弱碱性,DO含量较高,外源污染主要为沿河两岸农业面源和周边居民生活污水排放。2)空间变化趋势:COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)和BOD_(5)3个监测指标空间变异系数均在0.3~0.5之间,空间变化不明显,三者之间存在显著的正相关,空间变化特征均为中游>下游>上游;NH_(3)-N与TP的空间变异系数均超过0.9,二者均存在显著的空间分布差异,二者之间存在极显著正相关,变化特征均为中游>上游>下游;TN与其余指标均不存在显著相关性,TN呈现下游>中游>上游的空间变化特征。3)时间变化趋势:2022年三岔河TN呈现7月>10月>1月>4月的时间变化特征,TN浓度主要受人为活动的影响;NH_(3)-N、TP、COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、COD_(Mn)等指标无明显时间变化特征。