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Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections
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作者 Yadav Sharma Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van +3 位作者 Nitish Joat Kapil Chousalkar Robert J.Moore Dragana Stanley 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1056-1070,共15页
Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,dis... Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in chickens.Previous studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time point.To extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 weeks.The aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal dynamics.Results The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying onset.Similar microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between jejunum and ileum,likely due to their anatomical proximity.Lactobacil-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older birds.The oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as Gallibacterium.Relative abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut sections.Aeriscardovia was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut sections.Age influenced microbial richness and diversity in different organs.The upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds matured.However,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in microbiota maturation.Conclusion Addressing a gap in previous research,this study explored the microbiota across all major gut sections and tracked their dynamics from rearing to the end of the production cycle in commercially raised layer chickens.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of microbiota structure and development which help to develop targeted strategies to optimise gut health and overall productivity in poultry production. 展开更多
关键词 Chicken microbiota Gut microbiota Layers spatial variation temporal variation
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Spatial compartmentalization and temporal stability of associated microbiota in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
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作者 Qiang FU Zichao YU +4 位作者 Junyan ZHAO Lei GAO Ning KONG Lingling WANG Linsheng SONG 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1348-1358,共11页
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,one of the most exploited molluscs in the world,has suffered from massive mortality in recent decades,and the occurrence mechanisms have not been well characterized.In this study,t... The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,one of the most exploited molluscs in the world,has suffered from massive mortality in recent decades,and the occurrence mechanisms have not been well characterized.In this study,to reveal the relationship of associated microbiota to the fitness of oysters,temporal dynamics of microbiota in the gill,hemolymph,and hepatopancreas of C.gigas during April 2018-January 2019 were investigated by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.The microbiota in C.gigas exhibited tissue heterogeneity,of which Spirochaetaceae was dominant in the gill and hemolymph while Mycoplasmataceae enriched in the hepatopancreas.Co-occurrence network demonstrated that the gill microbiota exhibited higher inter-taxon connectivity while the hemolymph microbiota had more modules.The richness(Chao 1 index)and diversity(Shannon index)of microbial community in each tissue showed no significant seasonal variations,except for the hepatopancreas having a higher richness in the autumn.Similarly,beta diversity analysis indicated a relatively stable microbiota in each tissue during the sampling period,showing relative abundance of the dominant taxa exhibiting temporal dynamics.Results indicate that the microbial community in C.gigas showed a tissue-specific stability with temporal dynamics in the composition,which might be essential for the tissue functioning and environmental adaption in oysters.This work provides a baseline microbiota in C.gigas and is helpful for the understanding of host-microbiota interaction in oysters. 展开更多
关键词 Pacific oyster associated microbiota spatial compartmentalization temporal stability
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Spatial and temporal variation of water clarity in typical reservoirs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region observed by GF 1-WFV satellite data
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作者 Chang CAO Junsheng LI +2 位作者 Xiaodong JIA Shenglei WANG Bo WAN 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1048-1060,共13页
Rapidly monitoring regional water quality and the changing trend is of great practical and scientific significance,especially for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China where water resources are relatively scar... Rapidly monitoring regional water quality and the changing trend is of great practical and scientific significance,especially for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China where water resources are relatively scarce and inland water bodies are generally small.The remote sensing data of the GF 1 satellite launched in 2013 have characteristics of high spatial and temporal resolution,which can be used for the dynamic monitoring of the water environment in small lakes and reservoirs.However,the water quality remote sensing monitoring model based on the GF 1 satellite data for lakes and reservoirs in BTH is still lacking because of the considerable differences in the optical characteristics of the lakes and reservoirs.In this paper,the typical reservoirs in BTH-Guanting Reservoir,Yuqiao Reservoir,Panjiakou Reservoir,and Daheiting Reservoir are taken as the study areas.In the atmospheric correction of GF 1-WFV,the relative radiation normalized atmospheric correction was adopted after comparing it with other methods,such as 6 S and FLAASH.In the water clarity retrieval,a water color hue angle based model was proposed and outperformed other available published models,with the R 2 of 0.74 and MRE of 31.7%.The clarity products of the four typical reservoirs in the BTH region in 2013-2019 were produced using the GF 1-WFV data.Based on the products,temporal and spatial changes in clarity were analyzed,and the main influencing factors for each water body were discussed.It was found that the clarity of Guanting,Daheiting,and Panjiakou reservoirs showed an upward trend during this period,while that of Yuqiao Reservoir showed a downward trend.In the influencing factors,the water level of the water bodies can be an important factor related to the water clarity changes in this region. 展开更多
关键词 GF 1 satellite atmospheric correction CLARITY BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI spatial and temporal change analysis
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Inverse reliability analysis and design for tunnel face stability considering soil spatial variability
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作者 Zheming Zhang Jian Ji +1 位作者 Xiangfeng Guo Siang Huat Goh 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1552-1564,共13页
The traditional deterministic analysis for tunnel face stability neglects the uncertainties of geotechnical parameters,while the simplified reliability analysis which models the potential uncertainties by means of ran... The traditional deterministic analysis for tunnel face stability neglects the uncertainties of geotechnical parameters,while the simplified reliability analysis which models the potential uncertainties by means of random variables usually fails to account for soil spatial variability.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an efficient framework for conducting reliability analysis and reliability-based design(RBD)of tunnel face stability in spatially variable soil strata.The three-dimensional(3D)rotational failure mechanism of the tunnel face is extended to account for the soil spatial variability,and a probabilistic framework is established by coupling the extended mechanism with the improved Hasofer-Lind-Rackwits-Fiessler recursive algorithm(iHLRF)as well as its inverse analysis formulation.The proposed framework allows for rapid and precise reliability analysis and RBD of tunnel face stability.To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed framework,an illustrative case of tunnelling in frictional soils is presented,where the soil's cohesion and friction angle are modelled as two anisotropic cross-correlated lognormal random fields.The results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the failure probability(or reliability index)regarding the tunnel face stability and can efficiently determine the required supporting pressure for a target reliability index with soil spatial variability being taken into account.Furthermore,this study reveals the impact of various factors on the support pressure,including coefficient of variation,cross-correlation between cohesion and friction angle,as well as autocorrelation distance of spatially variable soil strata.The results also demonstrate the feasibility of using the forward and/or inverse first-order reliability method(FORM)in high-dimensional stochastic problems.It is hoped that this study may provide a practical and reliable framework for determining the stability of tunnels in complex soil strata. 展开更多
关键词 Limit analysis Tunnel face stability spatial variability HLRF algorithm Inverse reliability method
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Temporal and spatial differences in human activities performed in Urban Green Spaces of Vilnius(Lithuania)
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作者 Luís Valença Pinto Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira Paulo Pereira 《Geography and Sustainability》 CSCD 2024年第2期302-317,共16页
Urban green spaces(UGS)are relevant to city well-being,as recognized by the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).However,few studies have studied the temporal use of UGS.This work assessed the seasonal,... Urban green spaces(UGS)are relevant to city well-being,as recognized by the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).However,few studies have studied the temporal use of UGS.This work assessed the seasonal,weekly,and daily use of three urban green spaces(Vingis Park,Bernardino Garden,and Jomantas Park)in Vilnius(Lithuania).The study is based on an on-site observation-based survey,which recorded users’characteristics,activities,and weather conditions during summer and winter.The results showed that UGS’s seasonal,weekly,and daily use differed according to park and users’characteristics.Parks with a higher diversity of facilities had a high seasonal difference in the number of observed activities.User numbers were higher in the summer for activities with children,social activities,sports,and water activities than in the winter.Jomantas Park had the lowest variability in user characteristics.Weather variables were linked to changes in users’activities.Higher precipitation and lower temperature were associated with reducing the number of users and the diversity of registered activities.Most of the stationary activities were observed during summer.The diversity of the observed activities was associated with the available facilities rather than the park size.The distribution of stationary activities was spatially correlated with facility/equipment(benches,playgrounds,sports,and fitness equipment)and proximity to water features.The results of this study are relevant for UGS design,planning,and management. 展开更多
关键词 Urban parks Seasonal differences temporal use Time of day spatial distribution of UGS users
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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) in Democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2023
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作者 Jean Blaise Yobo Iyala Comlan Cyriaque Degbey +8 位作者 N’Kpingou Nadakou Ounoussa Tapha Eveline Soclo Moise Gimiko Fabrice Mawa Chaltin Ambanga Riziki Yogolelo Désiré Ekanga Jean Claude Onema 《Open Journal of Epidemiology》 2024年第3期459-470,共12页
Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the follow... Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing outbreaks of VDPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the following lines, we try to show the evolution of VDPV cases across the country in order to understand their chronological dynamics and seasonal influence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of of VDPV notified in the DRC from 2018 to 2023. Maps of the spatial dynamics of VDPV cases were produced from attack rates with QGIS® (3.22.8). As for temporal dynamics, time series were decomposed and presented in the form of graphs showing the chronological evolution of VDPV cases and their seasonal trend, using R.4.0 software package. Results: A total of 1196 Cases of VDPV types 1, 2 and 3 were recorded in the biological confirmation databases of the INRB and the Expanded Program of Immunization during the study period across25 provinces. The eastern part of the country reporting the most cases. The general trend is upwards, with a peak in 2022 of 527 cases, whereas in 2021 there was a notable drop of 31 cases. Analysis of the temporal breakdown suggests a seasonal pattern, with peaks between the months of September and December, considered being rainy periods in some provinces. Conclusion: During the 6 years of our study (2018 - 2023) almost all the Health Zones were hit by VDPV epidemics. The eastern part was the most impacted. The seasonal component is well marked suggesting a rise in detection in the rainy season and during pivotal periods of climate change. 展开更多
关键词 temporal spatial DYNAMIC POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
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Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Snowstorm in Ulanqab City in Recent 30 Years
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作者 Jie CHEN Jinhua LIU 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 2024年第4期11-14,共4页
Based on the data of daily snowfall and weather phenomena of 11 national meteorological stations in Ulanqab City from 1991 to 2020,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of snowstorm were analyzed.The r... Based on the data of daily snowfall and weather phenomena of 11 national meteorological stations in Ulanqab City from 1991 to 2020,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of snowstorm were analyzed.The results show that the snowstorm in Ulanqab had obvious seasonal distribution characteristics,mainly happening in spring(March-May)and autumn(September-November).It also had obvious regional distribution in space,and the snowstorm center appeared in Chahar Right Wing Middle Banner and Jining District,namely the east side of the Yinshan Mountain.In the past 30 years,the amount of snowstorm in the whole year in Ulanqab showed a certain fluctuation trend,and the number of snowstorm days had shown an obvious upward trend since 2011. 展开更多
关键词 Ulanqab City SNOWSTORM spatial and temporal distribution characteristics
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of N, P and K Balances for Agroecosystems in China 被引量:52
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作者 SHENRun-Ping SUNBo ZHAOQi-Guo 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第3期347-355,共9页
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balances for agroecosystems in China from 1993 to 2001 were calculated at national and provincial levels using statistical data and related parameters, and their spatial and tempora... Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balances for agroecosystems in China from 1993 to 2001 were calculated at national and provincial levels using statistical data and related parameters, and their spatial and temporal variabilities were analyzed with GIS to estimate the potential impacts of nutrient N, P and K surpluses or deficits to soil, water and air. At the national scale, the N and P balances from 1993 to 2001 showed a surplus, with the nitrogen surplus remaining relatively stable from 1997—2001. Although during this period the P surplus pattern was similar to N, it had smaller values and kept increasing as the use of phosphate fertilizer increased year by year. However, K was deficient from 1993 to 2001 even though from 1999 to 2001 the K deficit decreased. The spatial analysis revealed higher N surpluses in the more developed southeastern provinces and lowest in the western and northern provinces where there was less chemical fertilizer input. The serious K deficit mainly occurred in Shanghai and Beijing municipalities, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces, and Xinjiang autonomous regions. For the years 1992, 1996 and 2001, N surpluses and K deficits had significant positive spatial correlations with per capita gross domestic product (GDP), per capita gross industrial output value, and per capita net income of rural households. This showed that the level of economic development played an important role on nutrient balances in the agroecosystems. 展开更多
关键词 China economic factors NPK balance spatial and temporal variability
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Spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation in Haihe River basin, 1958-2007 被引量:17
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作者 CHU Jianting XIA Jun +2 位作者 XU Chongyu LI Lu WANG Zhonggen 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2010年第2期248-260,共13页
The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid mo... The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid more and more attention. However, in China, the precipitation data are measured by weather stations (WS) of China Meteorological Administration and hydrological rain gauges (RG) of national and local hydrology bureau. The WS data usually have long record with fewer stations, while the RG data usually have short record with more stations. The consistency and correlation of these two data sets have not been well understood. In this paper, the precipitation data from 30 weather stations for 1958-2007 and 248 rain gauges for 1995-2004 in the Haihe River basin are examined and compared using linear regression, 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Z test and F test methods. The results show that the annual precipitation from both WS and RG records are normally distributed with minor difference in the mean value and variance. It is statistically feasible to extend the precipitation of RG by WS data sets. Using the extended precipitation data, the detailed spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as their temporal trends are calculated and mapped. The various distribution maps produced in the study show that for the whole basin the precipitation of 1958-2007 has been decreasing except for spring season. The decline trend is significant in summer, and this trend is stronger after the 1980s. The annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and changing trends are different in different regions and seasons. The precipitation is decreasing from south to north, from coastal zone to inland area. 展开更多
关键词 climate change spatial and temporal variability of precipitation Mann-Kendall method Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Z test F test Haihe River basin
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Delineation of Site-Specific Management Zones Based on Temporal and Spatial Variability of Soil Electrical Conductivity 被引量:8
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作者 LI Yan SHI Zhou LI Feng 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第2期156-164,共9页
A coastal saline field of 10.5 ha was selected as the study site and 122 bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) measurements were performed thrice in situ in the topsoil (0-20 cm) across the field using a hand held device... A coastal saline field of 10.5 ha was selected as the study site and 122 bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) measurements were performed thrice in situ in the topsoil (0-20 cm) across the field using a hand held device to assess the spatial variability and temporal stability of the distribution of soil electrical conductivity (EC), to identify the management zones using cluster analysis based on the spatiotemporal variability of soil EC, and to evaluate the probable potential for site-specific management in coastal regions with conventional statistics and geostatistical techniques. The results indicated high coefficients of variation for topsoil salinity over all the three samplings. The spatial structure of the salinity variability remained relatively stable with time. Kriged contour maps, drawn on the basis of spatial variance structure of the data, showed the spatial trend of the salinity distribution and revealed areas of consistently high or consistently low salinity, while a temporal stability map indicated stable and unstable regions. On the basis of the spatiotemporal characteristics, cluster analysis divided the site into three potential management zones, each with different characteristics that could have an impact on the way the field was managed. On the basis of the clearly defined management zones it was concluded that coastal saline land could be managed in a site-specific way. 展开更多
关键词 coastal saline field management zone soil electrical conductivity spatial variability temporal variability
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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF NORTHWEST PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN A GLOBAL WARMING SCENARIO 被引量:3
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作者 顾成林 康建成 +1 位作者 闫国东 陈志伟 《Journal of Tropical Meteorology》 SCIE 2016年第S1期15-23,共9页
Utilizing the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) and Tokyo-Typhoon Center of the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA RSMC TOKYO) best-track tropical cyclone(TC) data for the period 1951-2014,variations in spatial and temp... Utilizing the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) and Tokyo-Typhoon Center of the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA RSMC TOKYO) best-track tropical cyclone(TC) data for the period 1951-2014,variations in spatial and temporal characteristics of Northwest Pacific TC activity for a global warming scenario are discussed.The results suggest that since the early 1960 s,there has been an overall decreasing trend in the frequency of occurrence,intensity,peak intensity,length of movement,and lifetime of TCs.However,global wanning has led to a linearly increasing trend in TC activity in eastern Asia,which indicates that Northwest Pacific TC activity decreases,but the frequency of landfalls and intensity are likely strengthened.Therefore,the threat of TCs towards eastern Asia is enhanced.The increase in TC activity in eastern Asia is likely the result of a strengthened Walker circulation due to an increasing temperature gradient between the northwest Pacific Ocean and the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.The strengthening Walker circulation could increase the magnitude of the vertical wind shear,relative vorticity,and meridional wind shear of low-level easterlies near the equator in the tropical Northwest Pacific,which affects the spatial and temporal variations of TC activity in the Northwest Pacific. 展开更多
关键词 global WARMING western NORTH PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONE spatial and temporal variability
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Moisture 被引量:5
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作者 Vanita Pandey Pankaj K. Pandey 《International Journal of Geosciences》 2010年第2期87-98,共12页
The characterization of temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture is highly relevant for understanding the many hydrological processes, to model the processes better and to apply them to conservation planning.... The characterization of temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture is highly relevant for understanding the many hydrological processes, to model the processes better and to apply them to conservation planning. Considerable variability in space and time coupled with inadequate and uneven distribution of irrigation water results in uneven yield in an area Spatial and temporal variability highly affect the heterogeneity of soil water, solute transport and leaching of chemicals to ground water. Spatial variability of soil moisture helps in mapping soil properties across the field and variability in irrigation requirement. While the temporal variability of water content and infiltration helps in irrigation management, the temporal correlation structure helps in forecasting next irrigation. Kriging is a geostatistical technique for interpolation that takes into account the spatial auto-correlation of a variable to produce the best linear unbiased estimate. The same has been used for data interpolation for the C. T. A. E. Udaipur India. These interpolated data were plotted against distance to show variability between the krigged value and observed value. The range of krigged soil moisture values was smaller than the observed one. The goal of this study was to map layer-wise soil moisture up to 60 cm depth which is useful for irrigation planning. 展开更多
关键词 Soil MOISTURE spatial & AMP temporal variability KRIGING
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Vapor Content during 1961-2011 in Tianshan Mountains,China 被引量:2
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作者 HU Wen-feng YAO Jun-qiang +1 位作者 HE Qing YANG Qing 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第3期571-581,共11页
Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure (SVP) data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content (WVC) estimation model ... Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure (SVP) data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content (WVC) estimation model according to the relationship between monthly WVC of radiosonde and corresponding SVP and analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of WVC and their causes. The results show that the WVC is linearly and negatively related to the elevation and longitude (Vertical zonality and Longitude zonality), while it was not linearly related to the latitude. The westerly wind, geographical situation and sea level elevation composed complex surface conditions to influence the spatial distribution of WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) statistical test shows a significant increasing trend in the mean annual WVC in Tianshan Mountains during 1961- 2011(P 〈 0.001), with a rate of 0.23 mm/decade, and indicates an abrupt turning point in 1985 (P.〈0.001). Correlation analysis shows that the WVC are significantly correlated to the temperature, especially during the winter, but the summer WVC are significantly correlated to the precipitation. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) and the Arctic Oscillation Index (AOI) are significantly correlated to the winter WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. As a new Microwave radiometric profilers (MWRPs) instrument, the MP- 3000A provides continuous, real-time and high temporal resolution atmospheric profiles up to 10 km. In order to monitor water vapor and atmosphere profiles in Tianshan Mountains, an MP-3000A was established in Urumqi (43.8°N, 87.58°N) in May 2008. The results indicated that the MP-3oooA was applicable to this area, and the evolutionary process of water vapor and the WVC peak values of MP- 3000A were a strong signal for rainstorm and flood forecasts for Urumqi and the Tianshan Mountains. 展开更多
关键词 Water vapor content spatial variability temporal variability Microwave radiometers Tianshan Mountains
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Characteristics of Spatial Structural Patterns and Temporal Variability of Annual Precipitation in Ningxia 被引量:1
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作者 XU Li-gang TANG Ying +1 位作者 DU Li BAO Zi-yun 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2011年第8期18-22,66,共6页
[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of the spatial structural patterns and temporal variability of annual precipitation in Ningxia.[Method] Using rotated empirical orthogonal function,the precipitatio... [Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of the spatial structural patterns and temporal variability of annual precipitation in Ningxia.[Method] Using rotated empirical orthogonal function,the precipitation concentration index,wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall rank statistic method,the characteristics of precipitation on the spatial-temporal variability and trend were analyzed by the monthly precipitation series in Ningxia during 1951-2008.[Result] In Ningxia,the spatial structural patterns of annual precipitation appeared 'North-south type' and 'North-center-south type'.It increased from north to south,the changes of interannual precipitation decreased from north to south.Precipitation changed significantly in month and distributed differently in the Yellow River irrigation area.But it was conversely steady in central arid zone and mountainous area of southern Ningxia.The probability of single abundant precipitation year was higher than single short precipitation year and the continuous short precipitation year was higher than continuous abundant precipitation year.The main cycles were 3a,6a and 10a approximately.In the mid arid zone and the mountainous area of southern Ningxia,the probability of precipitation reduction was about 75% and the Yellow river irrigation area,71.4%,respectively.The reduction in the entire area was about 73.3%.The annual precipitation in the middle arid area and irrigation area was increasing.The variability would change slowly for the intra-annual distribution of precipitation.Especially,the reduction tendency rate in the middle arid area reached 100.0%.[Conclusion] The study provided references for the effective utilization of the local precipitation,and the coordinated development of the regional social economy and ecological environment. 展开更多
关键词 PRECIPITATION spatial structural patterns Multiple-time scale temporal variation Trends analysis Ningxia China
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Temporal-spatial distribution and variability of cadmium contamination in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area,China 被引量:8
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作者 SUN Li-na ZHANG Yao-hua +3 位作者 SUN Tie-heng GONG Zong-qiang LIN Xin LI Hai-bo 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第6期1241-1246,共6页
Heavy metal contamination in soils has been of wide concern in China in the last several decades. The heavy metal contamination was caused by sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochem... Heavy metal contamination in soils has been of wide concern in China in the last several decades. The heavy metal contamination was caused by sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides and so on. The Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area (SZIA) in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years duration. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd of soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd in soils was modelled using kriging methods. The kriging map showed that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd contamination in topsoil and subsoil. In 2004, the Cd mean concentrations were 1.698 and 0.741 mg/kg, and the maxima 10.150 and 7.567 mg/kg in topsoils (0-20 cm) and subsoils (20-40 cm) respectively. These values are markedly more than the Cd levels in the second grade soil standard in China. In 1990, the Cd means were 1.023 and 0.331 mg/kg, and the maxima 9.400 and 3.156 mg/kg, in topsoils and subsoils respectively. The soil area in 1990 with Cd more than 1.5 mg/kg was 2701 and 206.4 hnl2 in topsoils and subsoils respectively; and in 2004, it was 7592 and 1583 hm^2, respectively. Compared with that in 1990, the mean and maximum concentration of Cd, as well as the soil area with Cd more than 1.5 mg/kg had all increased in 2004, both in topsoils and subsoils. 展开更多
关键词 temporal-spatial distribution cadmium contamination of soil Zhangshi sewage irrigation area (ZSIA) Shenyang
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Assessing spatial and temporal variability in waterconsumption and the maintainability oasis maximumarea in an oasis region of Northwestern China
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作者 XueXiang Chang WenZhi Zhao +2 位作者 XueLi Chang Bing Liu Jun Du 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2020年第4期217-233,共17页
Water consumption is a key role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of water management in arid environments.In this study, we explored an approach based on meta-analysis, MODIS NDVI products, land-use spat... Water consumption is a key role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of water management in arid environments.In this study, we explored an approach based on meta-analysis, MODIS NDVI products, land-use spatial distribution, andsoil water physical parameters to gain insight into long-term and large scale distribution of land use and water consumption,maintain maximum Zhangye Oasis area according to Heihe River runoff, and suitable water resource management inZhangye Oasis. This approach was initiated in order to improve the efficiency of irrigation and water resource managementin arid regions. Results showed that Heihe River runoff can maintain a maximum Zhangye Oasis area of 22.49×104 hm2.During the 2000−2016 growing seasons, actual oasis water consumption ranged from 11.35×108 m3 to 13.73×108 m3, witha mean of (12.89 ± 0.60)×108 m3;if maintaining agricultural production and oasis stability was chosen, oasis water consumptionranged from 10.24×108 m3 to 12.37×108 m3, with a mean of (11.62 ± 0.53)×108 m3. From the perspective of waterresources management and ecosystem stability, it is necessary to reduce the area of Zhangye Oasis or choose the minimumwater consumption method to manage the oasis, to ease the pressure of water shortage and maintain stable and sustainabledevelopment of the Zhangye Oasis. These results can provide future practical guidance for water resource management ofcoordinated development of the economy and the environment in an arid area. 展开更多
关键词 META-ANALYSIS water consumption land-use spatial and temporal distribution RUNOFF Northwestern China
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The Spatial Variability and Temporal Dynamics of Soil Properties as Affected by Visitors’ Pressure in an Urban Park
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作者 Helena M. Zhevelev Pariente Sarah Atar Oz 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2013年第8期52-64,共13页
Soil properties and their tempo-spatial heterogeneity, affected by visitors’ pressure, season and soil depth, were studied in an urban park in Tel-Aviv. Soil was sampled twice yearly in wet and dry seasons. In each s... Soil properties and their tempo-spatial heterogeneity, affected by visitors’ pressure, season and soil depth, were studied in an urban park in Tel-Aviv. Soil was sampled twice yearly in wet and dry seasons. In each season soil was sampled from areas exposed to differing levels of visitors’ pressure (VP), and designated “no VP (Control)”, “High VP” and “Low VP”. The soil samples were taken from two depths. For each soil sample, moisture, organic matter and soluble-ion contents, pH, and electrical conductivity were determined. It was found that different properties were differently affected by VP, seasonal dynamics and soil depth: organic matter content, penetration depth and sodium concentration were the most sensitive to VP;Soil moisture did not respond to VP, but sharply reflected seasonal changes;Calcium and organic matter contents were significantly affected by the soil depth. The sensitivity of soil properties to VP increased from March to July, and the upper soil layer was more sensitive to seasonal dynamics and VP than the deeper layer. Some soil properties exhibited “spotty” patterns;others a “frontal” one. Organic matter content was completely controlled by VP at both depths and in both seasons, and could be used as an indicator of soil status in recreation areas. Visitors’ activities included trampling and other anthropogenic factors that enhanced the spatial changes and seasonal dynamics of soil properties. Based on these measurements the intensity of soil degradation and dynamics was evaluated and used to describe the soil status in an urban park. 展开更多
关键词 URBAN PARK URBAN SOIL Visitors’ PRESSURE SOIL spatial variability Seasonal Dynamics
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Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Blue Algae in Lake Dianshan in Summer 被引量:2
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作者 杨虹 由文辉 +3 位作者 汪益嫔 胡雪芹 徐春燕 童琰 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第6期78-81,共4页
To understand the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of blue algae in summer in Lake Dianshan,the phytoplankton in Lake Dianshan from June to September in 2009 was surveyed. It found 11 genera and 28 speci... To understand the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of blue algae in summer in Lake Dianshan,the phytoplankton in Lake Dianshan from June to September in 2009 was surveyed. It found 11 genera and 28 species blue algae in total. Microcystis,Oscillatoria and Chroococcus were the main composition communities of blue algae in Lake Dianshan in summer. In the survey period,the average density of blue algae in Lake Dianshan was 16.48×106 cells/L which changed during 1.01×106-59.76×106 cells/L. The characteristics were:September > July > August > June. The mass propagation and aggregation of Microcystis in September caused that the water blooms phenomenon in the partial water areas was serious. In the space,the average density of blue algae in the west and southwest parts of Lake Dianshan was bigger than in the east and southeast. When the nutritive matter was sufficient,the temperature was the main factor which affected the generation and disappearance of blue algae water blooms. The wind direction was also an important factor which affected the distribution of blue algae. 展开更多
关键词 Blue algae spatial and temporal distribution Lake Dianshan SUMMER China
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Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Events in Liaoning Province 被引量:5
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作者 王震 王颖 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第10期39-42,共4页
Daily precipitation amounts from 1961 to 2005 in 35 observation stations in Liaoning Province were selected in order to study the temporal and spatial distribution of extreme precipitation events.By dint of EOF,REOF,m... Daily precipitation amounts from 1961 to 2005 in 35 observation stations in Liaoning Province were selected in order to study the temporal and spatial distribution of extreme precipitation events.By dint of EOF,REOF,mean-square-error and other ways,the changes in different regions of extreme precipitation and distribution were reflected.The analysis showed that,extreme precipitation in Liaoning Province could be divided into three areas,which were western Liaoning mountains and parts of northern areas,eastern Liaoning mountainous,near-coastal areas of Liaohe River Plain.In the relatively large precipitation areas,extreme precipitation threshold was also higher,and vice versa.The lower frequency of extreme precipitation events had a greater contribution to total precipitation;extreme precipitation,total precipitation and total rain days had the greatest changes in the summer,and the least changes in the winter;number of days of extreme precipitation changes in each season were not great;the change of extreme precipitation was not obvious in the long term. 展开更多
关键词 Extreme precipitation event spatial and temporal characteristic Twiddle factor Liaoning Province China
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Temporal and Spatial Variation of Surface Albedo in Tibetan Plateau during 1982-2000 被引量:3
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作者 王鸽 韩琳 刘晓迎 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第10期8-11,15,共5页
[Objective] Temporal and spatial variation of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau were studied in our paper.[Method] Based on NOAA/AVHRR data,different algorithms were used to retrieve surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau,... [Objective] Temporal and spatial variation of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau were studied in our paper.[Method] Based on NOAA/AVHRR data,different algorithms were used to retrieve surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau,and it showed that the result of Stroeve was mostly close to observed data.Based on retrieval algorithm from Stroeve,the spatial distribution of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau was obtained by means of NOAA/AVHRR data in 1982-2000.[Result] The distribution of annual mean surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau was identical with that of geographical zone in plateau area;annual mean surface albedo in plateau area showed slight decrease trend which was different in various regions;monthly surface albedo in plateau area had obviously zonal distribution and changed with time evidently.[Conclusion] Our study will be helpful to improving the parameterization scheme of surface albedo in climate model,revealing the internal mechanism of local and regional climate change and enhancing the level of long-term climate forecast. 展开更多
关键词 NOAA/AVHRR Surface albedo temporal and spatial distribution China
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