Super-resolution microscopy(SRM)is a powerful imaging technique that overcomes the diffraction limit and allows imaging of the object structure in the nanoscale.However,SRM suffers from a tradeoff between spatial and ...Super-resolution microscopy(SRM)is a powerful imaging technique that overcomes the diffraction limit and allows imaging of the object structure in the nanoscale.However,SRM suffers from a tradeoff between spatial and temporal resolution,which prevents further exploration in scientific discoveries.In this review,we mainly focus on the development of improving spatiotemporal resolution of SRM,including 1)SRM based on physical and computational principles,2)physical and computational factors affecting SRM,from which we conclude some strategies for developing new types of SRM,3)the summary of the various types of SRM based on physical and computational principles,as well as,the analysis of the ordinary and developing SRM.Both SRMs based on physical principles and computational principles can be realized with spatial isolation and temporal isolation methods.We expect this review will offer some new ideas to improve the spatial and temporal resolution simultaneously,which may lead to more new discoveries in biology,chemistry,and materials science.展开更多
Niche differentiation enables ecologically similar species to coexist by lessening competition over food and/or shelters and may be critical for reproductive isolation between closely related species in close proximit...Niche differentiation enables ecologically similar species to coexist by lessening competition over food and/or shelters and may be critical for reproductive isolation between closely related species in close proximity.Because no extra traits need to evolve,spatial and temporal differentiation may readily take place to complement other isolating mechanisms.Two closely related treefrog species occur together in Korea:the endangered Hyla suweonensis and the widespread Hyla japonica.Advertisement calls are differentiated,but it is unclear whether call difference is sufficient for reproductive isolation.We tracked individuals of both species to study fine-scale differentiation in microhabitat use in the diel cycle of the breeding season using a harmonic direction finder.tracking male movement patterns of both species revealed spatial and temporal differentiation in microhabitat use for calling and resting during the breeding season.Males of both H.suweonensis and H.japonica occurred in all 5 microhabitats identified in this study:rice paddy,ground,buried,grass and bush.Both treefrog species showed general similarities in calling from rice paddies and resting in grass and bush.However,H.suweonensis moved into rice paddies and produced advertisement calls 3 h earlier than H.japonica.These differences likely minimize contact between the species and provide an additional isolating mechanism.In addition,the activity of H.suweonensis may be contributing to the decline of this species,as resting in grass would increase dangers from predatory birds and habitat disturbance.展开更多
基金Part of the work described in this review was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205298)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23F050008).
文摘Super-resolution microscopy(SRM)is a powerful imaging technique that overcomes the diffraction limit and allows imaging of the object structure in the nanoscale.However,SRM suffers from a tradeoff between spatial and temporal resolution,which prevents further exploration in scientific discoveries.In this review,we mainly focus on the development of improving spatiotemporal resolution of SRM,including 1)SRM based on physical and computational principles,2)physical and computational factors affecting SRM,from which we conclude some strategies for developing new types of SRM,3)the summary of the various types of SRM based on physical and computational principles,as well as,the analysis of the ordinary and developing SRM.Both SRMs based on physical principles and computational principles can be realized with spatial isolation and temporal isolation methods.We expect this review will offer some new ideas to improve the spatial and temporal resolution simultaneously,which may lead to more new discoveries in biology,chemistry,and materials science.
基金supported financially by the National Research Foundation of Korea(grant number 2012R1A2A2A01046977).
文摘Niche differentiation enables ecologically similar species to coexist by lessening competition over food and/or shelters and may be critical for reproductive isolation between closely related species in close proximity.Because no extra traits need to evolve,spatial and temporal differentiation may readily take place to complement other isolating mechanisms.Two closely related treefrog species occur together in Korea:the endangered Hyla suweonensis and the widespread Hyla japonica.Advertisement calls are differentiated,but it is unclear whether call difference is sufficient for reproductive isolation.We tracked individuals of both species to study fine-scale differentiation in microhabitat use in the diel cycle of the breeding season using a harmonic direction finder.tracking male movement patterns of both species revealed spatial and temporal differentiation in microhabitat use for calling and resting during the breeding season.Males of both H.suweonensis and H.japonica occurred in all 5 microhabitats identified in this study:rice paddy,ground,buried,grass and bush.Both treefrog species showed general similarities in calling from rice paddies and resting in grass and bush.However,H.suweonensis moved into rice paddies and produced advertisement calls 3 h earlier than H.japonica.These differences likely minimize contact between the species and provide an additional isolating mechanism.In addition,the activity of H.suweonensis may be contributing to the decline of this species,as resting in grass would increase dangers from predatory birds and habitat disturbance.
