Temporal-spatial oceanic variation in relation with the three typical Kuroshio paths south of Japan

Empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis was applied to a 50-year long time series of monthly mean positions of the Kuroshio path south of Japan from a regional reanalysis.Three leading EOF modes characterize the contributions from three typical paths of the Kuroshio meander:the typical large meander path,the offshore nonlarge meander path,and the nearshore non-large meander path,respectively.Accordingly,the spatial variation characteristics of oceanic anomaly fields can be depicted by their regression fields upon the associated three leading principal components(PCs),which are well-matched with the results of composite analysis corresponding to each period of the three typical Kuroshio paths.A new index for the typical large meander is defined by using the second leading PC,which is highly correlated with the Kushimoto-Uragami index.Spectral analysis of this new index series shows variability of the Kuroshio path south of Japan at time scales of about 7–8 years and 20 years.

Clinical features and genetic variations of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia:Five case reports

BACKGROUND Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem faced by pediatricians.The role of genetic factors in neonatal jaundice has been gradually recognized.This study aims to identify genetic variants that influence the bilirubin level in five patients using next-generation sequencing(NGS).CASE SUMMARY Five neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were retrospectively studied.They exhibited bilirubin encephalopathy,hypothyroidism,ABO blood type incompatibility hemolysis,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)deficiency and premature birth,respectively.A customized 22-gene panel was designed,and NGS was carried out for these neonates.Eight variations(G6PD c.G1388A,HBA2 c.C369G,ABCC2 c.C3825G,UGT1A1 c.G211A,SPTB c.A1729G,EPB41 c.G520A,c.1213-4T>G and c.A1474G)were identified in these five neonates.Genetic mutations of these genes are associated with G6PD deficiency,thalassemia,Dubin-Johnson syndrome,Gilbert syndrome,hereditary spherocytosis,and hereditary elliptocytosis.One of the neonates was found to have compound variants of the EPB41 splice site c.1213-4T>G and c.G520A(p.E174K),but no elliptocyte was seen on his blood smear of 4 years old.CONCLUSION Pathological factors of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are complicated.Genetic variants may play an important role in an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,and severe jaundice in neonates may be related to a cumulative effect of genetic variants.

Two-Edge-Corner Image Features for Registration of Geospatial Images with Large View Variations

This paper presents a robust image feature that can be used to automatically establish match correspondences between aerial images of suburban areas with large view variations. Unlike most commonly used invariant image features, this feature is view variant. The geometrical structure of the feature allows predicting its visual appearance according to the observer’s view. This feature is named 2EC (2 Edges and a Corner) as it utilizes two line segments or edges and their intersection or corner. These lines are constrained to correspond to the boundaries of rooftops. The description of each feature includes the two edges’ length, their intersection, orientation, and the image patch surrounded by a parallelogram that is constructed with the two edges. Potential match candidates are obtained by comparing features, while accounting for the geometrical changes that are expected due to large view variation. Once the putative matches are obtained, the outliers are filtered out using a projective matrix optimization method. Based on the results of the optimization process, a second round of matching is conducted within a more confined search space that leads to a more accurate match establishment. We demonstrate how establishing match correspondences using these features lead to computing more accurate camera parameters and fundamental matrix and therefore more accurate image registration and 3D reconstruction.

The variation features of the Antarctic sea ice (Ⅱ)

In this paper, on the basis of the Antarctic sea ice data from 1972 to 1989 issued by the America JointIce Center, the distribution features of the Antarctic sea ice is analyzed, the net sea ice area indexes are calculated,and the long-range variation periods of the sea ice area index are analyzed with the maximum entropy spectrum, finally the distribution pattern of the Antarctic sea ice and its variation features are obtained.According to its spatial distribution feature, the Antarctic Sea ice is divided into three large regions. Region Ⅰ(0°～120°E) is a zonal area which includes the Prydz Bay area, and sea ice area extending from the Weddell Sea,Region Ⅱ (120°E～120°W) mainly includes the Ross Sea area, and Region Ⅲ (120°W～0°) mainly the WeddellSea area. Of all the regions, the ice area in Region Ⅲ is the largest, and that in Region Ⅰ is the smallest.In the Antarctic,the seasonal changes of the sea ice are very obvious, during summer, in February, there isleast sea ice in the Southern Ocean, the net sea ice area (not include the area of open water) is about 3 190 000 km2,during winter, in September, there is most sea ice in the Southern Ocean, the area index is about 16 840 000 km2,nearly 5. 3 times of that in February. The seasonal change of sea ice is one month lag of the changes of the air temperature, but almost synchronous with that of SST.Of all the three regions divided above, there are some points both common and uncommon in their sea icechange cycles, the common features are that there exist one and a half years, one year and ten-months secondaryperiods in all three regions, but their main periods are not the same, they are about 5, 11 and 6 a in Regions Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲrespectively. The main periods of the sea ice change in Regions Ⅰand Ⅱ are very close because the ice areaextended eastward from the Weddell Sea ice area of Region Ⅲ is one of the main components of the Region Ⅰ. It isalso worth pointing out that in Region Ⅱ, southward extension of the Pacific Ocean, there exist not only a 11-yerasmain period but also a 2-yeras secondary period, which does not exist in the other two regions.

Temporal-spatial Variation Characteristics of the Extreme Precipitation Days over South China from 1961 to 2010

[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze temporal-spatial variation characteristics of the extreme precipitation days over South China from 1961 to 2010. [ Method] Based on the daily precipitation data in meteorological stations over South China, extreme precipitation thresholds were determined according to the percentiles distribution for different stations. Temporal-spatial variation characteristics of the extreme precipitation days over South China were studied by the methods of fuzzy clustering, trend coefficient, wavelet analysis and cross spectrum analysis, etc. [ Re- suit] Four sub-regions were identified over South China. They were respectively Nanling area, west Guangxi area, Coast area and Hainan area. Occurrence seasons of the extreme precipitations in each sub-region were significantly different. Extreme precipitation clays in four sub-regions all had increase trends, and those of Nanling area and Coast area were significant. From wavelet analysis and cress spectrum analysis, there were significant periodic variation characteristics. Extreme precipitation days in each sub-region all had significant same-phase evolution trends at the peri- od of 2 -5 years, but backward time length was different. [ Conclusion] The research provided background materials for forecast and influence as- sessment of the extremely heavy precipitation over South China.

The Variation Rule and Anomaly Features of the Available Precipitation in the Growth Period of Crops in the Middle and Southern Part of Ningxia

[ Objective] The aim was to study the available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during the growth period of crops in the mid- dle and southern part of Ningxia. [ Methed] Through Takahashi＇s evaporation equation, linear trend analysis, Mann -Kendall, Lepage, wavelet analysis, the characteristics of available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during its growth period in Ningxia were analyzed based on monthly precipitation （March- September）, temperature, and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data in 9 observation stations from 1961 to 2010. E Result l In recent 50 years, the available precipitation during the growth period of crops in central drought area and south hilly area varied a lot, more in the south and less in the north. The available precipitation in these two areas was reducing and varied a lot in different ages. The available precipitation was less in the middle drought region after 1970s and in the southern hilly region after 1990s and the available precipitation in middle drought area changed significantly. The available precipitation in the two areas appeared in July, August, and September, above 76% of general growth period, while that in March, April and May was 14% lower than that in growth period. No abrupt changes in central drought area and south hilly area. There were the periods of 5 -7 a and 2 -3 a oscillations in the middle drought region, 2 -3 a and 10 -12 a oscillations in the southern hilly region. There were negative anomaly field at 500hPa height in high-precipitation years between the Baikal and the China＇s northwestern, and there were positive anomaly field in low-precipitation years. [ Cenclusion] The study provided reference for the reasonable utilization of available water resources in cen- tral and south Ningxia.

Temporal-spatial Variations of Dynamic Source Parameters in the Capital Circle Region and Its Surrounding Areas before the 2006 M_S5.1 Wenan Earthquake in Hebei Province

Source spectra,corner frequency and zero frequency amplitudes in near-source conditions were measured using waveform data from 989 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than ML2.0 observed by the Beijing Digital Telemetry Seismic Network in the Capital Circle Region of China and its surrounding areas from January 2002 to June 2006 by the Brune model.Relevant formulas that were used for the calculation of dynamic source parameters include rupture radius,seismic moment,seismic energy,stress drop,and apparent stress.Scaling relations and characteristics of temporal-spatial variations of these dynamic parameters before the MS5.1 Wenan earthquake in Hebei Province that occurred on July 20,2006 were analyzed.Results show that apparent stress,stress drop,and the ratio of seismic energy to the rupture radius had relatively high values in some areas before the Wenan earthquake.These high-value concentration areas were mainly distributed in the North China Plain seismic zone.As is seen from the time curves,parameters,such as apparent stress,stress drop,and ratio of seismic energy to rupture radius underwent significant ascending processes before the Wenan earthquake,but the variation in the corner frequency showed a descending trend.This result might be related to the enhancement of stress in the North China Plain seismic zone before the earthquake.

An efficient stock market prediction model using hybrid feature reduction method based on variational autoencoders and recursive feature elimination

In this study,the hourly directions of eight banking stocks in Borsa Istanbul were predicted using linear-based,deep-learning(LSTM)and ensemble learning(Light-GBM)models.These models were trained with four different feature sets and their performances were evaluated in terms of accuracy and F-measure metrics.While the first experiments directly used the own stock features as the model inputs,the second experiments utilized reduced stock features through Variational AutoEncoders(VAE).In the last experiments,in order to grasp the effects of the other banking stocks on individual stock performance,the features belonging to other stocks were also given as inputs to our models.While combining other stock features was done for both own(named as allstock_own)and VAE-reduced(named as allstock_VAE)stock features,the expanded dimensions of the feature sets were reduced by Recursive Feature Elimination.As the highest success rate increased up to 0.685 with allstock_own and LSTM with attention model,the combination of allstock_VAE and LSTM with the attention model obtained an accuracy rate of 0.675.Although the classification results achieved with both feature types was close,allstock_VAE achieved these results using nearly 16.67%less features compared to allstock_own.When all experimental results were examined,it was found out that the models trained with allstock_own and allstock_VAE achieved higher accuracy rates than those using individual stock features.It was also concluded that the results obtained with the VAE-reduced stock features were similar to those obtained by own stock features.

DIMENSION VARIATION OF FEATURE-BASED MODEL BY OPERATING DIRECTLY ON B-REP

ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＥＡＴＵＲＥ┐ＢＡＳＥＤＭＯＤＥＬＢＹＯＰＥＲＡＴＩＮＧＤＩＲＥＣＴＬＹＯＮＢ┐ＲＥＰＨＥＸｉａｏｚｈａｏ（何小朝），ＷＡＮＧＺｏｎｇｙａｎ（王宗彦）ＰＥＮＧＷｅｉ（彭维），ＺＨＡＮＧＴｉｅｃｈａｎｇ（张铁昌...

GENERATION AND APPLICATION OF VARIATIONAL GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS NETWORK BASED ON ISO'S FEATURE

The concept of variantional geometric constraints network is presented. Basedon ISO's feature, three kinds of variational geometric constraints are defined. The concepts ofmate tree (MT) and loop circuit (LC) are presented. The generation method of well-constrainedvariational geometric constraints network (VGCN) is studied. The network can be applied ingeneration of well-constrained tolerance types and tolerance chains. A simple example is analyzed toshow the scheme to be effective.

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Characteristic and Variation of Precipitation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Based on seasonal and annual observed precipitation data at 19 meteorological stations in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristic is analyzed by EOF method.And spatial characteristics and temporal changes trends of EOF of seasonal and annual precipitation have been showed.The main period and sudden changes point of EOF of annual precipitation have been studied by Mann-Kendall and spectrum analysis method.

Temporal and Spatial Variation and Distribution Characteristics of Maximum and Minimum Temperature from 1971 to 2008 in Tibet

Based on temperature data of meteorological stations from 1971 to 2008 in Tibet,the temporal and spatial variation of maximum andminimum temperature in Tibet was analyzed.The results showed that both maximum temperature andminimum temperature increased distinctly,the warming amplitude of winter was the highest among the four seasons,and next came spring.The increment ofminimum temperature was visibly over that of maximum temperature,particularlyminimum temperature in winter with significant increment.For spatial variation,maximum temperature in most stations increased except particular stations,while theminimum temperature in all stations rose.In addition,the space variation law ofminimum temperature,being more obvious thanminimum temperature,increased from southeast to northwest with different spatial changes in various seasons.From decadal variation,both maximum andminimum temperature appeared increase from 1970s to the first eight years in the 21st century,and the rise ofminimum temperature was significant greater than maximum temperature.The increase of maximum andminimum temperature was the highest from 2001 to 2008,whereas the lowest in 1970s.

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China VI: The ecological variation process of the phytoplankton

The combination effect of light, water temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay is studied in this paper. The order of importance of the influence on phytoplankton growth is de- termined as nutrients, water temperature, and light. The influence of these factors unveiled the mechanism of the influence, and revealed the variation process of the nutrients limiting phytoplankton primary production, and of the water temperature influencing the phytoplankton reproduction capacity, and hence influencing the structure of phytoplankton assemblage. Temporal and spatial quantification shows different stages of the influence by wa- ter temperature and nutrients on the phytoplankton growth. Moreover, the authors expatiated the ideal state of the phytoplankton growth and the reason of red tide occurrence. People should consider in their activity the input of nutrient Si first, and then the variation of water temperature, advocating sustainable development manner.

A Preliminary Global Analysis of Remotely Sensed Radiation Characteristics of Ground Features:Ⅱ. Result Discussion

Based on the L,B and V statistics of the 106 ground feature groups or the 769 ground feature class units in the world presented in the part I of the paper,the distribution of the world ground features on the axes of L,B and V,in the planes of L-B,L-V and B-V and in the space of L-B-V was discussed.And the typical numerical characteristics of the various ground features were also summarized.

A Study in Search of Interconnection between Surface Parameters and Surrounding Synoptic And Subsynoptic Features

The paper reveals that the variations in parameters like u *, the scaling velocity and θ*. The scaling temperature during the various phases of monsoon might be linked with subsynoptic features. The rise in u * is mainly connected with the presence of lower tropospheric cyclonic vorticity over a subsynoptic scale of the site. However the variations in θ. is mainly linked with the various phases of monsoon and θ * shows a sharp rise in presence of low level convective cloud.Besides the correlation studies of u and u., θv and θv, θv-θv0 and θv, * are undertaken. The correlation between θv and θv * is poor. In other two cases correlations are good. Besides u / u * has shown good coefficient of variation values within the ξ range.

Study on Variations in Hydrochemical Characteristics of Spring Water in Jinan and Their Causes

Based on data of hydrochemical components in spring water and karst water in Jinan spring catchment during 1958-2012,according to the theory of groundwater cycle and hydrogeochemistry,variations in hydrochemical features of spring water in Jinan over the past years were analyzed,and the reasons for the variations were discussed to protect the quality of spring water in Jinan and stop the changing trend of the spring water. The results show that there were variations in the hydrochemical characteristics of spring water in Jinan during 1958-2012,which is mainly related to improper protection and man-made pollution.

Modeling of Geometric Variations Within Three-Dimensional Tolerance Zones

A tolerance modeling method of geometric variations within three-dimensional(3D) tolerance domain is proposed.According to the classification method of feature variations and classes of invariance or symmetry in the new generation Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS) system,the proposed method is based on the Small Displacement Torsor(SDT) concept,and SDT is used to represent the geometric deviations between the nominal feature and the fitting feature. Furthermore,the variation zones of several kinds complex or irregular geometric features are constructed,and the corresponding tolerance modeling methods are discussed respectively. Finally,an example is presented to verify the efficiency of the presented method for modeling 3D dimensional and geometrical tolerances.The proposed modeling method based on the complete mathematical foundation conforms with the design philosophy and principle of the new generation GPS standards system.

Variations and Influence of Cloud Cover in Heze Region in Recent 52 Years

Based on the data of cloud cover, precipitation, temperature, sunshine hours and relative humidity from nine ground meteorological stations in Heze region in the southwest of Shandong Province from 1961 to 2012, changes of total and low cloud cover and its relationship with climatic factors associated in the southwest of Shandong Province in recent 52 years were analyzed. The results showed that average total cloud cover in- creased by 0.89%/10 a, but average low cloud cover decreased by 1.1%/10 a in Heze region in recent 52 years. The positive correlation between the average total cloud cover and temperature in autumn and winter was obvious, that is, when cloud cover increased by 10%, the average temper- ature increased by 0.48 ~C in autumn and increased by 0.83~（3 in winter. The average low. cloud cover negatively correlated with the average tam- perature in each season, and the negative correlation was very significant in spring. When cloud cover increased by 10%, the average temperature decreased by 1.49 ~C. The positive correlation between the average cloud cover and average precipitation was significant. The annual precipitation increased by 148.1 mm when annual mean total cloud cover increased by 10%. When seasonal mean cloud cover increased by 10%, the precipita- tion increased by 48.4, 107.1,55.4 and 12.2 mm in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. The annual average total cloud cover and low cloud cover had significantly positive correlation with 〉~0.1, ~〉1.0, ~〉10 and ~〉25 mm precipitation days respectively. The sunshine hours were seriously influenced by cloud cover, and when cloud cover increased by 10%, the sunshine hours decreased by 54.5 h in spring, 134.2 h in sum- mer, 154.3 h in autumn and 60.6 h in winter. The total cloud cover significantly positively correlated with relative humidity in summer and autumn, and when cloud cover increased by 10%, the relative humidity increased by 3.3% in summer and 4.1% in autumn.

Change Features of GPS/MET Precipitable Water Vapor in Different Precipitation in Lianyungang

Based on the GPS/MET water vapor monitoring data and conventional meteorological data at Lianyungang station from April to July, 2015, the relationship between precipitable water vapor and real precipitation was studied. According to different precipitation, change trends of precipitable water vapor in convective precipitation and steady precipitation were analyzed. Results showed that necessary condition of precipitation generation was high precipitable water vapor value in the air. Precipitable water vapor change presented wave-shape and phased characters. In convection precipitation, precipitable water vapor changed frequently and had larger change amplitude, while its change was slow in steady precipi- tation. The appearing time of the maximum values of rainfall intensity and precipitable water vapor was not necessarily consistent, but it was known that severe rainfall usually began at the high-value stage of precipitable water vapor, and high-value stage of precipitable water vapor often corresponded to higher precipitation probability. In addition, precipitable water vapor showed different characteristics in the above two different precipitation, and these results could provide a reference for precipitation forecast.

Variations and relations between chlorophyll concentrations and physical-ecological processes near the West Antarctic Peninsula

The West Antarctic Peninsula(WAP)region is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean that support the food web for phytoplankton,krill spawning or recruitment and several krill consumers at higher-trophic level like penguins and Antarctic fur seals.Characterized by channels and islands,the complex topography of the WAP generates interconnected circulation patterns,strongly influencing vertical stratification,nutrient availability and distribution of marine organisms.Additionally,rapid climate change associated with major climate modes like the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has significant effects on long-term variations of physical environments and biological production.The objective of this study is to reveal the spatial-temporal variations of phytoplankton biomass in the WAP region and the modulating physical-ecological processes.By using 9-year hydrographic and ecological data of five transects collected by the Palmer Long-Term Ecosystem Research,the horizontal and vertical distributions of several physical and ecological properties,with a particular focus on chlorophyll(Chl)concentration were explored.Regression analysis among area-averaged properties and properties at single stations was performed to reveal the relationship between the interannual variations of physical and ecological processes.The correlation results showed that Chl concentration exhibited a positive relationship with both the circumpolar deep water(CDW)intrusion and vertical stratification,but showed a negative correlation with SAM at some specific stations.However,certain processes or mechanisms may only be dominant for specific stations and not applicable to the entire region.No single physical or ecological factors have been found to significantly influence the Chl distribution throughout the WAP region,which may be attributed to the heterogeneity of sea ice conditions,geometry and hydrodynamic features as well as variations in nutrient sources.