Aberrant activation of latent transforming growth factor-β initiates the onset of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis

There is currently no effective medical treatment for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA) due to a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to investigate the key role of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)signalling in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the TMJ using a temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD) rat model, an ageing mouse model and a Camurati–Engelmann disease(CED) mouse model. In the three animal models, the subchondral bone phenotypes in the mandibular condyles were evaluated by μCT, and changes in TMJ condyles were examined by TRAP staining and immunohistochemical analysis of Osterix and p-Smad2/3. Condyle degradation was confirmed by Safranin O staining, the Mankin and OARSI scoring systems and type X collagen(Col X), p-Smad2/3 a and Osterix immunohistochemical analyses. We found apparent histological phenotypes of TMJ-OA in the TMD, ageing and CED animal models, with abnormal activation of TGF-βsignalling in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone. Moreover, inhibition of TGF-β receptor I attenuated TMJ-OA progression in the TMD models. Therefore, aberrant activation of TGF-β signalling could be a key player in TMJ-OA development.

Chronic inflammation deteriorates structure and function of collagen fibril in rat temporomandibular joint disc

Collagen is the building component of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) discs and is often affected by inflammation in temporomandibular disorders. The macromechanical properties of collagen are deteriorated by chronic inflammation. However,the mechanism by which inflammation influences disc function remains unknown. The relationship between the ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties of collagen in inflamed discs should be clarified. Seven-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Chronic TMJ inflammation was induced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, and samples were harvested after 5 weeks. Picrosirius staining revealed multiple colours under polarized light, which represented alternative collagen bundles in inflamed discs. Using atomic force microscopy scanning, the magnitude of Young's modulus was reduced significantly accompanied with disordered collagen fibril arrangement with porous architecture of inflamed discs. Transmission electron microscopy scanning revealed a non-uniform distribution of collagen fibres, and oversized collagen fibrils were observed in inflamed discs. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy revealed a decrease in 1 338 cm^(-1)/amide II area ratio of collagen in different regions. The peak positions of amide I and amide II bands were altered in inflamed discs,indicating collagen unfolding. Our results suggest that sustained inflammation deteriorates collagen structures, resulting in the deterioration of the ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties of rat TMJ discs.

Effectiveness of Mesotherapy on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

TMJDs （Temporomandibular joint disorders） are a common pathology but best treatment remains unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mesotherapy on TMJD. We conducted a case review of all TMJD patients treated since 2006 with mesotherapy procedures only and using a cocktail of drugs composing of lidocaine, piroxicam and pentoxifylline. Patients were treated every 15 days until symptomatic relief was achieved and thereafter every two months. Main outcome was complete symptomatic relief, and associated factors were analysed. 27 patients were included. Complete pain relief was achieved in 26. The necessary number of procedures to get pain relief ranged from 1 to 6 （median of 1） and the total number of treatments from 1 to 40 （median of 11）. 19 patients had other painful complains mainly related with anxiety disorders. A weak correlation （r = 0.357; p = 0.05） between anxiety disorders and the required months of treatments was found. Mesotherapy is a valuable option on pain relief in a temporomandibular pain syndrome with none of the systemic effects of oral medication. Anxiety may have a role on the aetiology and therapeutic success highlights the holistic approach of these patients. Future comparative studies are necessary.

Future of Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunctions in Parkinsonian Patients

The purpose of the study was designed to clarify the modern trends of physical therapy in treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions in Parkinsonian patients, which in this respect included the degree of pain, the muscles power of both masseter and pterygoid, the range of TMJ motion, the angle of mouth opening and their effects on electromyography study in both sexes. Subjects: Thirty males and females were the same degree of disabilities according to modified Hoehn and Yahr scales (grade 3) of Parkinsonian patients, and their age ranged from 50 - 77 years old and their weight ranged from 60 - 88 kg. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (G1 and G2). G1 (control) consisted of 15 patients of both sexes and was treated by exercises therapy program and G2 (experimental) consisted of 15 Parkinsonian patients of both sexes and was treated by the same exercises therapy program and low level pulsed electromagnetic therapy. Vital signs such as blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were measured before and after the treatment sessions. Assessments: Visual analogue scale was used to measure degree of pain. Tensiometer was used to measure the muscle power of masseter and pterygoid, the digital goniometer was used to investigate the range of TMJ movement. Moreover, standard electromyography test (EMG) was used to measure the compound muscle action potentials. Statistically the results for all groups were analyzed by t-test to compare the differences between the two groups. The statistical package of social sciences (SPSS, version 10) was used for data processing using the P-value 0.05 as a level of significance. Results showed that there were significant improvements in all variables in G2 only. However, there was a little improvement but not significant in both G1. Therefore, it could be concluded that the use of low level pulsed electro-magnetic therapy combined with exercises program was the good method to control pain of TMJ, increase of muscle power and the range of their movements together with determination of electro-myography. Our results opened a new link to manage the TMJ dysfunctions in Parkinsonian patients via the use of low level pulsed electromagnetic therapy combined with exercises program.

The associations of TMJ pain and bone characteristics on the activities of daily living

The aim of this investigation was to analyze the associations of TMJ pain/discomfort and bone characteristics on the activities of daily living in a population based study. Methods: The study included 95 randomly selected participants. The impact of temporomandibular joint pain/discomfort on the daily activeties was assessed by using the daily living scale by List and Helkimo (1995). The levels of serum type I collagen telopeptide fragments (P1NP), C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1), and vitamin D (25 (OH) D) were analysed. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman rank correlation coefficent (rs) were used for statistical analyses. Results: Activities of daily living were influenced by temporomandibular joint pain/discomfort to varying degrees. The degree of pain/discomfort during eating was correlated with the level of C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (p = 0.02) and type 1 collagen telopeptide fragments (p = 0.04). The females in the study had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to males (p = 0.04). Conclusions: This population based study indicates that TMJ pain/discomfort exerts a significant negative influence on activities of daily living and is related to the biochemical markers of bone turnover and 25 (OH) D level. Several functions of daily activities such as social life, exercising and eating are the most disturbed.

Kindlin-2 loss in condylar chondrocytes causes spontaneous osteoarthritic lesions in the temporomandibular joint in mice

The progressive destruction of condylar cartilage is a hallmark of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) osteoarthritis(OA);however, its mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that Kindlin-2, a key focal adhesion protein, is strongly detected in cells of mandibular condylar cartilage in mice. We find that genetic ablation of Kindlin-2 in aggrecan-expressing condylar chondrocytes induces multiple spontaneous osteoarthritic lesions, including progressive cartilage loss and deformation, surface fissures, and ectopic cartilage and bone formation in TMJ. Kindlin-2 loss significantly downregulates the expression of aggrecan, Col2a1 and Proteoglycan 4(Prg4), all anabolic extracellular matrix proteins, and promotes catabolic metabolism in TMJ cartilage by inducing expression of Runx2and Mmp13 in condylar chondrocytes. Kindlin-2 loss decreases TMJ chondrocyte proliferation in condylar cartilages. Furthermore,Kindlin-2 loss promotes the release of cytochrome c as well as caspase 3 activation, and accelerates chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro and TMJ. Collectively, these findings reveal a crucial role of Kindlin-2 in condylar chondrocytes to maintain TMJ homeostasis.

手法复位联合咬合板治疗颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位疼痛与最大张口度的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析,比较手法复位联合咬合板治疗颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者疼痛与最大张口度疗效是否优于仅进行手法或仅进行咬合板治疗。方法:计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、维普(VIP)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方中手法复位联合咬合板治疗颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位的随机对照试验(RCTs)文献,并参考Cochrane手册评估文献质量,运用RevMan5.4软件分析结局指标。结果:本研究纳入6个RCTs,患者共计393例。Meta分析结果显示,对于颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者,观察组进行手法复位联合咬合板治疗,在降低疼痛评分[SMD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.54,-0.13),P=0.001]与改善最大张口度[SMD=0.51,95%CI(0.31,0.71),P<0.00001]方面疗效均比对照组较优,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:手法复位联合咬合板治疗改善颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者疼痛和最大张口度疗效优于单独使用手法复位或单独佩戴咬合板。

IL-1、IL-6、TNF对人TMJ滑膜细胞蛋白合成的影响

目的：研究人ＴＭＪ滑膜细胞（ＳＭＣ）蛋白质合成能力，与其它组织细胞的差异，及细胞因子对这方面的影响。方法：采用体外培养的ＳＭＣ、ＴＧＣ、ＮＭＣ３种细胞及无血清培养液，应用紫外分光光度仪在２８０ｎｍ波长处，对培养上清中的蛋白含量进行测定，并与加用ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ后蛋白质合成的量进行对比观察。结果：正常状态下，ＴＧＣ蛋白合成量最高，ＯＤ值达０．１４，而ＳＭＣ最低，为０．０７９。在加用细胞因子作用４８ｈ后，ＳＭＣ蛋白含量达到０．１１７，提高３０％，而ＴＧＣ、ＮＭＣ却下降１０％～３０％。结论：正常状态下ＳＭＣ合成蛋白质成份较其它细胞少，而细胞因子可刺激ＳＭＣ蛋白质合成增加，这些蛋白成份中可能具有影响关节炎症的物质。

肌痛型颞下颌关节紊乱病封闭治疗的疗效观察

目的:观察封闭治疗对不同部位、不同亚类肌痛型颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorder,TMD)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究肌痛型TMD患者53例,给予利多卡因、维生素B12联合复方倍他米松局部肌肉封闭治疗,对比分析治疗前、治疗后第1、3个月的临床疗效评价,最大开口度,下颌运动距离,肌肉压痛指数(palpation index,PI),视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果:经过1个疗程的治疗,患者最大开口度、下颌运动距离较治疗前增加(P<0.01),PI及VAS评分较治疗前降低(P<0.01),临床疗效较好。结论:对于不同部位、不同亚类的肌痛型TMD,封闭治疗能有效缓解疼痛、减轻功能障碍程度,该诊疗方法具有一定的临床价值。

高渗葡萄糖关节盘后附着注射治疗TMD慢性关节痛临床观察

目的:观察高渗葡萄糖关节盘后附着注射(增生疗法)治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)慢性关节痛的疗效。方法:2012年6月起纳入患者244例(16~75岁),按照DC/TMD标准分类。于关节盘后附着处,注射利多卡因1.5~2 mL,张闭口活动5~10 min,同法注射50%葡萄糖1.5~2 mL。治疗后2周、2月、6月、12月定期复诊,2023年3月终期随访。结果:终期完成随访221例(失访率9.4%),平均随访时间(75.7±25.1)月。治疗后2周患者即可有关节痛明显缓解,2月时多数患者张口/咀嚼功能明显改善,随后复查多数患者保持稳定恢复。186例经注射治疗后疼痛基本消失、张口/咀嚼功能基本正常,17例后期有张口/咀嚼功能障碍和关节痛复发表现,由于有注射恐惧改为接受咬合垫治疗,16例述注射治疗无明显效果,但也未再作其他治疗,2例后续接受手术治疗。无病例出现治疗后疼痛加重或其他并发症。结论:关节盘后附着注射高渗葡萄糖治疗TMD及慢性关节痛简单易行,安全有效。

医用臭氧注射疗程对大鼠颞下颌关节骨关节炎及其疼痛作用的影响

目的探讨医用臭氧注射疗程对SD大鼠颞下颌关节骨关节炎及其疼痛作用的影响。方法按随机数字表法将54只大鼠分为对照组、模型组、医用臭氧组,每组18只。对照组在造模时仅注射生理盐水;模型组仅注射碘乙酸钠造模;医用臭氧组关节上腔注射碘乙酸钠造模1周后关节内注射医用臭氧进行干预,注射频率为1次/周,共5次。注射医用臭氧1周(造模后2周)、3周(造模后4周)、5周(造模后6周)后,各组分别处死6只大鼠。处死大鼠前检测各组大鼠机械缩头阈值,处死后检测各组大鼠关节液中白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)表达水平,并对各组大鼠颞下颌关节软骨大体观进行Pelletier评分和软骨苏木精-伊红染色后进行改良Mankin’s评分。结果同一时间内:模型组相比于对照组,1、3、5周,大鼠颞下颌关节骨关节机械痛阈值减小(P<0.01),大鼠颞下颌关节液中IL-1β表达水平升高(P<0.01),颞下颌关节软骨Pelletier评分以及软骨改良Mankin’s评分增高(P<0.01);医用臭氧组相比于模型组,注射医用臭氧3周和5周,大鼠颞下颌关节骨关节机械痛阈值升高(P<0.01),大鼠颞下颌关节液中IL-1β表达水平和颞下颌关节软骨Pelletier评分以及软骨改良Mankin’s评分降低(P<0.01),大鼠颞下颌关节腔内注射医用臭氧1周各检测指标虽有变化但无显著性(P>0.05)。同一组内:医用臭氧组3周和5周相比于医用臭氧组1周,大鼠颞下颌关节机械痛阈值增加(P<0.01),大鼠颞下颌关节液中IL-1β表达水平降低(P<0.01),关节软骨Pelletier评分以及软骨改良Mankin’s评分无统计学意义(P>0.05)。医用臭氧组3周相比于医用臭氧组5周,大鼠颞下颌关节机械痛阈值、大鼠颞下颌关节液中IL-1β表达水平、关节软骨Pelletier评分和软骨改良Mankin’s评分无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论医用臭氧治疗3周以上可改善大鼠颞下颌关节骨关节炎及其疼痛。

医用臭氧可缓解颞下颌关节骨关节炎的疼痛

背景:颞下颌关节骨关节炎引起的疼痛严重影响了患者的生活质量及心理健康。研究发现医用臭氧能有效缓解颞下颌关节骨关节炎疼痛,但对其镇痛作用及机制尚不清楚。目的:探讨医用臭氧对颞下颌关节骨关节炎疼痛的作用及可能机制。方法:采用随机数字表法将24只SD大鼠分成4组,每组6只,除对照组外,模型组、空气组、医用臭氧组通过关节内注射碘乙酸钠的方法建立颞下颌关节骨关节炎模型,造模1周后,空气组、医用臭氧组大鼠颞下颌关节内分别注射洁净空气、医用臭氧,1次/周,共3次。造模前及造模后28 d内,采用Von Frey机械疼痛测量技术衡量大鼠颞下颌关节机械痛阈值;造模后28 d取材,应用ELISA法检测血清和颞下颌关节液中白细胞介素1β水平,苏木精-伊红染色观察颞下颌关节软骨组织病理学变化,免疫组化染色分析颞下颌关节内缺氧诱导因子1α、环氧合酶2表达水平。结果与结论:①与对照组相比,模型组大鼠造模后1,3,7,14,21,28 d的颞下颌关节机械痛阈值降低(P<0.01);与模型组、空气组相比,医用臭氧组大鼠造模后28 d的颞下颌关节机械痛阈值升高(P<0.01);②与对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清与关节液中的白细胞介素1β质量浓度升高(P<0.01);与模型组、空气组相比,医用臭氧组大鼠血清与关节液中的白细胞介素1β质量浓度降低(P<0.01);③苏木精-伊红染色显示模型组和空气组软骨结构紊乱,呈退行性改变;医用臭氧组软骨结构紊乱程度轻于模型组、空气组;④免疫组化染色显示,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠颞下颌关节内缺氧诱导因子1α、环氧合酶2表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组、空气组相比,医用臭氧组大鼠颞下颌关节内缺氧诱导因子1α、环氧合酶2表达降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结果表明,医用臭氧可通过减少关节内缺氧诱导因子1α、白细胞介素1β和环氧合酶2表达来缓解SD大鼠颞下颌关节骨关节炎引起的疼痛。

IL-1、IL-6、TNF对TMJ滑膜细胞培养上清粘度影响的研究

目的：了解体外培养滑膜细胞培养上清粘度情况，及与其它细胞的区别，细胞因子对其功能的影响。方法：采用体外培养滑膜细胞，牙乳头细胞、粘膜纤维细胞，用椎板式粘度仪对细胞因子作用前后的培养上清进行粘度测定，将粘度测定值绘制成图。结果：正常状态，ＳＭＣ粘度值达２．８，其它细胞仅为２，细胞因子作用后，ＳＭＣ粘度明显减少，降为２以下，其它细胞无明显变化。结论：体外培养ＳＭＣ能保持体内功能特点，细胞因子所引起ＳＭＣ的培养上清粘度下降，这可能是影响关节炎病情的因素之一。

人TMJ滑膜细胞的生长特性观察

目的：研究体外培养人ＴＭＪ滑膜细胞生长特性和遗传稳定性。方法：采用ＭＴＴ法、ＨＥ染色及培养细胞染色体制备法，测定３种细胞（ＳＭＣ、ＴＧＣ、ＮＭＣ）的生长曲线、分裂指数、和贴壁率，观察不同代数的染色体数量和形态。结果：３种细胞体外生长都较为稳定，滑膜细胞生长速率略低于其它两种细胞，分裂指数最多为１５‰，贴壁率８ｈ为６０％，１２ｈ达９５％，不同代数的滑膜细胞染色体形态正常，数量均在２３对，遗传性状稳定。结论：体外培养人ＴＭＪ滑膜细胞生长稳定，在一定培养代数以内，生长较为规律，保持二倍体正常细胞特性，可以应用该细胞进行ＴＭＪ相关问题的研究。

Evaluation of Mandibular Deprogramming Using TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) in Patients at the Specialty Clinic of the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco from 2022 to 2024

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) negatively affect quality of life, causing pain and restricted jaw movements. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on TMD patients before orthodontic treatment at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco. A quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted with 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria: aged 18 to 65 years, with TMJ pain symptoms, diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders using the Helkimo index, and who had provided informed consent for the study. The range of mandibular movement and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured to record values before therapy. The electrodes of the TENS therapy were positioned on both sides of the jaw in the preauricular area and the masseter muscle, the therapy was administered for 40 minutes, utilizing a frequency of 2 - 4 Hz and a pulse duration of 300 microseconds. Following this, the range of mandibular movement and the VAS were reassessed to evaluate the outcomes., significantly improved maximum mouth opening (37.7 ± 6.4 mm to 44.6 ± 5.88 mm), right laterality (3.86 ± 1.57 mm to 5.43 ± 1.21 mm), left laterality (3.13 ± 1.63 mm to 4.53 ± 1.61 mm), protrusion (4.01 ± 1.7 mm to 5.36 ± 1.32 mm), and pain perception (4.56 ± 2.045 to 2.03 ± 1.5) (P < 0.01). TENS therapy enhances mandibular movement and reduces pain, making it a well-tolerated, non-invasive complementary treatment for TMD.

Microarray analysis of signalling interactions between inflammation and angiogenesis in subchondral bone in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis

Inflammation and angiogenesis,the major pathological changes of osteoarthritis(OA),are closely associated with joint pain;however,pertinent signalling interactions within subchondral bone of osteoarthritic joints and potential contribution to the peripheral origin of OA pain remain to be elucidated.Herein we developed a unilateral anterior crossbite mouse model with osteoarthritic changes in the temporomandibular joint.Microarray-based transcriptome analysis,besides quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,was performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Overall,182 DEGs(fold change≥2,P<0.05)were identified between the control and unilateral anterior crossbite groups:168 were upregulated and 14 were downregulated.On subjecting significant DEGs to enrichment analyses,inflammation and angiogenesis were identified as the most affected.Inflammation-related DEGs were mainly enriched in T cell activation and differentiation and in the mammalian target of rapamycin/nuclear factor-κB/tumour necrosis factor signalling.Furthermore,angiogenesis-related DEGs were mainly enriched in the Gene Ontology terms angiogenesis regulation and vasculature development and in the KEGG pathways of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B/vascular endothelial growth factor/hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signalling.Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a close interaction between inflammation-and angiogenesis-related DEGs,suggesting that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta(Pi3kcd),cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide(Camp),C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(Cxcr4),and MYB proto-oncogene transcription factor(Myb)play a central role in their interaction.To summarize,our findings reveal that in subchondral bone of osteoarthritic joints,signal interaction is interrelated between inflammation and angiogenesis and associated with the peripheral origin of OA pain;moreover,our data highlight potential targets for the inhibition of OA pain.

整脊手法联合针灸治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床研究

目的 探讨整脊手法联合针灸治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的临床效果。方法 选取2023年1月至2023年12月我院收治的60例TMD患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各30例。对照组口服塞来昔布治疗,观察组加用整脊手法联合针灸治疗,持续14d。比较两组临床疗效、疼痛评分、Frcton颞下颌关节指数(CMI)、生活质量及安全性。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<005);观察组治疗后VAS评分、DI、PI、CMI评分低于对照组(P<005);观察组治疗后生活质量评分高于对照组(P<005);两组安全性相比无差异(P>005)。结论 整脊手法联合针灸治疗可提高TMD治疗效果,降低CMI评分,减轻患者疼痛,以改善生活质量,且安全性良好。

下颌第三磨牙前倾阻生对TMJ慢性疼痛影响的临床观察

目的探讨下颌第三磨牙前倾阻生与TMJ慢性疼痛的相关性。方法选择牙列完整、双侧下颌第三磨牙前倾阻生、临床表现为颞下颌关节区慢性疼痛的患者共50例,随机分为A、B两组,每组各25例。A组为实验组,所有患者均行下颌前倾阻生第三磨牙拔除术;B组为对照组,所有患者行保守治疗(理疗+口服药物),于治疗后1个月复诊,观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果①自我评价:患者依据治疗前后的主观感受进行自我评价,A组有效23例,B组有效6例,两组比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②A、B两组治疗前后VAS疼痛指数变化:A组治疗后1个月较治疗前VAS疼痛指数下降,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组治疗后1个月较治疗前VAS疼痛指数下降,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论拔除前倾阻生的下颌第三磨牙对TMJ疼痛的缓解有一定的效果;对于伴有第三磨牙前倾阻生的TMJ患者,单纯的保守治疗疼痛缓解效果不佳。

体外冲击波联合3M物理治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床疗效分析

目的探讨体外冲击波(ESWT)联合3M物理治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的临床疗效。方法选取2021年1月—2022年10月齐齐哈尔医学院附属第二医院收治的40例TMD患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组20例。对照组采用3M物理治疗(包括物理因子治疗、手法治疗及运动治疗),观察组在对照组的基础上增加ESWT。比较两组治疗前后疼痛情况、最大张口度及颞下颌关节功能。结果两组治疗前后最大张口度差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组高于对照组。两组治疗前后安静、张口及咀嚼状态下视觉模拟评分法差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组高于对照组。两组治疗前后关节杂音、关节压诊、下颌运动、肌肉压诊评分,以及颞下颌关节功能障碍指数、肌肉压痛指数、Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组高于对照组。结论在3M物理治疗的基础上增加ESWT有利于降低TMD患者疼痛程度,提高最大张口度,促进颞下颌关节功能恢复。

低强度Nd:YAG激光与传统药物治疗肌筋膜痛的疗效评价

目的:评估低强度Nd:YAG激光与传统药物治疗肌筋膜痛(myofascial pain,MP)的效果。方法:将80例接受治疗的MP患者按照随机、双盲原则分为激光组(n=40)和传统药物组(n=40)。激光组采用低强度Nd∶YAG激光(1064 nm,8 J/cm~2,250 mW),2次治疗间隔48 h,整个疗程共10次。传统药物组采用赛来昔布胶囊,每次1粒(0.2 g),每天2次,连续口服2周。肌筋膜痛患者每次接受治疗前后,测量开口度、前伸动度、患侧侧方动度和对侧侧方动度,并进行疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分,记录相应分值,采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:激光组患者下颌功能运动状态(P<0.05)、疼痛症状(P<0.05)显著改善;传统药物组患者下颌功能运动状态(P<0.05)、疼痛症状(P<0.05)同样显著改善,两者总有效率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。激光组患者VAS评分低于传统药物组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低强度Nd:YAG激光与传统药物治疗均可有效缓解肌筋膜痛症状,改善其下颌功能运动状态。激光治疗具有疗程短、效率高、无痛苦和副作用少等优点,值得临床推广应用。