On the Productive Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Handicrafts and Its Human Values——A Case Study of the“Wuhan Model”

Among the three methods of intangible cultural heritage （ICH） protection--salvage, integrity and productivity^--productive protection is the most complex and controversial one. Through a comprehensive analysis of legal relations, coordination mecha- nisms and modes of operation by the Wuhan Tourism Investment Group in the course of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in handicrafts, this paper discusses the sustainable ＂Wuhan Model＂ and its human values.

PCR analysis of Yq microdeletions in infertile males, a study from South India

AIM: To estimate the frequency of microdeletions in the long arm of Y-chromosome of 20 infertile males from South India. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using Y-specific STS of azoospermia factor (AZF) regions i.e., SY 84 for AZFa, SY 127 for AZFb and SY 254 for AZFc. RESULTS: Of the 20 infertile subjects 3 (15 %), one azoospermic and two oligozoospermic, showed microdeletions in the AZF region of Y-chromosome. CONCLUSION: The frequency of deletions involving AZF region of the Y-chromosome is 15 % in azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic infertile men. PCR amplification of AZF locus is useful for the diagnosis of microdeletions in the Y-chromosome.

Selection criteria for preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography before laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones:Results of a retrospective,single center study between 1996-2002

AIM: The optimal treatment for bile duct stones (in terms of cost, complications and accuracy) is unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive factors for preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).METHODS: Patients undergoing preoperative ERCP (≤90 d before laparoscopic cholecystectomy) were evaluated in this retrospective study from the 1^st of January 1996 to the 31^st of December 2002. The indications for ERCP were elevated serum bilirubin, elevated liver function tests (LFT), dilated bile duct (≥8 mm) and/or stone at US examination, coexisting acute pancreatitis and/or acute pancreatitis or jaundice in patient's history. Suspected prognostic factors and the combination of factors were compared to the result of ERCRRESULTS: Two hundred and six preoperative ERCPs were performed during the observed period. The rate of successful cannulation for ERC was (97.1%). Bile duct stones were detected in 81 patients (39.3%), and successfully removed in 79 (97.5%). The number of prognostic factors correlated with the presence of bile duct stones. The positive predictive value for one prognostic factor was 1.2%, for two 43%,for three 72.5%, for four or more 91.4%.CONCLUSION: Based on our data preoperative ERCP is highly recommended in patients with three or more positive factors (high risk patients). In contrast, ERCP is not indicated in patients with zero or one factor (low risk patients).Preoperative ERCP should be offered to patients with two positive factors (moderate risk patients), however the practice should also be based on the local conditions (e.g.skill of the endoscopist, other diagnostic tools).

Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 as biomarkers of ulcerative colitis activity

AIM:Overexpression of mucosal metalloproteinases(MMP) has been demonstrated recently in inflammatory bowel disease.Their activity can be counterbalanced by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMP).The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulcerative colitis(UC)on MMP- 1 and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations,as two possible biomarkers of the disease activity. METHODS:MMP-1 and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations were measured with an enzyme immunoassay in 16 patients with endoscopically confirmed active UC. RESULTS:Plasma concentrations of both MMP-1(13.7±0.2 ng/ml)and TIMP-1(799±140 ng/ml)were significantly elevated in UC patients in comparison to healthy controls (11.9±0.9 ng/ml and 220±7 ng/ml respectively).There was no correlation between TIMP-1 and MMP-1 concentrations (r=0.02).TIMP-1 levels revealed significant positive correlations with scored endoscopic degree of mucosal injury, disease activity index and clinical activity index values as well as C-reactive protein concentration.There was no correlation between MMP-1 and laboratory,clinical or endoscopic indices of the disease activity.CONCLUSION: These results confirm the role of both MMP- 1 and TIMP-1 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. However only TIMP-1 can be useful as a biomarker of the disease activity, demonstrating association with clinical and endoscopic pictures.

Prediction of recurrence and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection by use of CLIP score

AIM: The survival time of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection is hard to predict. Both residual liver function and tumor extension factors should be considered. A new scoring system has recently been proposed by the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP). CLIP score was confirmed to be one of the best ways to stage patients with HCC. To our knowledge, however, the literature concerning the correlation between CLIP score and prognosis for patients with HCC after resection was not published. The aim of this study is to evaluate the recurrence and prognostic value of CLIP score for the patients with HCC after resection. METHODS: A retrospective survey was carried out in 174 patients undergoing resection of HCC from January 1986 to June 1998. Six patients who died in the hospital after operation and 11 patients with the recurrence of the disease were excluded at 1 month after hepatectomy. By the end of June 2001, 4 patients were lost and 153 patients with curative resection have been followed up for at least three years. Among 153 patients, 115 developed intrahepatic recurrence and 10 developed extrahepatic recurrence, whereas the other 28 remained free of recurrence. Recurrences were classified into early (【 or =3 year) and late (】3 year) recurrence. The CLIP score included the parameters involved in the Child-Pugh stage (0-2), plus macroscopic tumor morphology (0-2), AFP levels (0-1), and the presence or absence of portal thrombosis (0-1). By contrast, portal vein thrombosis was defined as the presence of tumor emboli within vascular channel analyzed by microscopic examination in this study. Risk factors for recurrence and prognostic factors for survival in each group were analyzed by the chi-square test, the Kaplan-Meier estimation and the COX proportional hazards model respectively. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-,and 10-year disease-free survival rates after curative resection of HCC were 57.2%, 28.3%, 23.5%, 18.8%, and 17.8%, respectively. Median survival time was 28, 10, 4, and 5 mo for CLIP score 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5, respectively. Early and late recurrence developed in 109 patients and 16 patients respectively. By the chi-square test, tumor size, microsatellite, venous invasion, tumor type (uninodular, multinodular, massive), tumor extension (【 or = or 】50% of liver parenchyma replaced by tumor), TNM stage, CLIP score, and resection margin were the risk factors for early recurrence, whereas CLIP score and Child-Pugh stage were significant risk factors for late recurrence. In univariate survival analysis, Child-Pugh stages, resection margin, tumor size, microsatellite, venous invasion, tumor type, tumor extension, TNM stages, and CLIP score were associated with prognosis. The multivariate analysis by COX proportional hazards model showed that the independent predictive factors of survival were resection margins and TNM stages. CONCLUSION: CLIP score has displayed a unique superiority in predicting the tumor early and late recurrence and prognosis in the patients with HCC after resection.

Biliary carcinoembryonic antigen levels in diagnosis of occult hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma

AIM:To prospectively explore the role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gallbladder bile in patients with colorectal carcinoma and the morphological and clinical features of neoplasia and the occurrence of hepatic metastases. METHODS:CEA levels in the gallbladder and peripheral blood were studied in 44 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 10 patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis.CEA samples were collected from the gallbladder bile and peripheral blood during the operation,immediately before extirpating the colorectal neoplasia or cholecystectomy. Values of up to 5 ng/ml were considered normal for bile and serum CEA. RESULTS:In the 44 patients with colorectal carcinoma who underwent operation with curative intent,the average level of serum CEA was 8.5 ng/ml (range:0.1 to 111.0 ng/ ml) and for bile CEA it was 74.5 ng/ml (range:0.2 to 571.0 ng/ml).In the patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis who underwent cholecystectomy,the average level of serum CEA was 2.9 ng/ml (range:1.0 to 3.5 ng/ml) and for bile CEA it was 1.2 ng/ml (range:0.3 to 2.9 ng/ml). The average duration of follow-up time was 16.5 months (range:6 to 48 months).Four patients who underwent extirpation of the colorectal carcinoma without evidence of hepatic metastasis and with an average bile CEA value of 213.2 ng/ml presented hepatic metastases between three and seventeen months after removal of the primary colorectal neoplasia.Three of them successfully underwent extirpation of the hepatic lesions. CONCLUSION:High CEA levels in gallbladders of patients undergoing curative operation for colorectal carcinoma may indicate the presence of hepatic metastases.Such patients must be followed up with special attention to the diagnosis of such lesions.

Expressions of ICAM-1 and its mRNA in sera and tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recently rapid progress in studieson expression of ICAM-1 in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) have beenachieved, including clinical and experimentalresearches[23-31].

Biochemical and radiological predictors of malignant biliary strictures

AIM: Differentiation of benign biliary strictures (BBS) from malignant biliary strictures (MBS) remains difficult despite improvement in imaging and endoscopic techniques. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical, biochemical and or radiological predictors of malignant biliary strictures.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all charts of patients who had biliary strictures (BS) on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous cholangiography (PTC) in case of unsuccessful ERCP from March 1998 to August 2002. Patient characteristics, clinical features, biochemical, radiological and biopsy results were all recorded. Stricture etiology was determined based on cytology,biopsy or clinical follow-up. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the optimal laboratory diagnostic criterion threshold in predicting MBS.RESULTS: One hundred twenty six patients with biliary strictures were enrolled, of which 72 were malignant. The mean age for BBS was 53 years compared to 62.4 years for MBS (P=0.0006). Distal bile duct stricture was mainly due to a malignant process 48.6% vs 9% (P=0.001). Alkaline phosphates and AST levels were more significantly elevated in MBS (P=0.0002). ROC curve showed that a bilirubin level of 84 μmol/L or more was the most predictive of MBS with a sensitivity of 98.6%, specificity of 59.3% and a positive likelihood ratio of 2.42 (95% CI=0.649-0.810). Proximal biliary dilatation was more frequently encountered in MBS compared to BBS, 73.8% vs39.5% (P=0.0001). Majority of BBS (87%) and MBS (78%) were managed endoscopically.CONCLUSION: A serum bilirubin level of 84 μmol/L or greater is the best predictor of MBS. Older age, proximal biliary dilatation, higher levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT and AST are all associated with MBS. ERCP is necessary to diagnose and treat benign and malignant biliary strictures.

马克思主义人学理论之于高校思想政治教育的价值及融入策略

马克思主义人学理论丰富的内涵以及对于人的本质等核心问题的探讨对于当前正处于社会转型时期的我国高校思政教育而言有着极为重要的借鉴意义,其不仅揭示了人作为人类社会最根本要素的本质性意义,同时也明确了人的发展才是人存在的核心意义。思政教育作为以人为核心,以人为根本,以人为目标的育人过程,对于人学理论的深入性借鉴毫无疑问可以有效地促进其对于人这一核心要素的更为准确的把握,从而更好地实现育人的教育目标,为我国社会的升级以及经济的转型培养更多合格的优秀人才。

新医科背景下加强医学人文教育的路径研究

医学教育是整个教育体系的重要组成部分,也是连接“教育优先发展”战略和“健康中国”战略的桥梁纽带。新医科的提出体现了中国特色社会主义新时代对高等医学教育人才培养的新要求,新医科建设必将极大地提升医学生的人文素质。然而,目前高等医学院校对新医科的丰富内涵缺乏有效认知,对医学人文教育在新医科建设中的地位及意义缺乏共识性认识,进而导致新医科建设步伐缓慢、建设效果不佳。本文将从新医科的提出背景及丰富内涵入手,分析医学人文教育的现状及价值意蕴,在此基础上提出新医科背景下加强医学人文教育的现实路径。

论我国运动员人力资本研究的当代价值

对运动员人力资本内涵做详细解析,提出我国运动员人力资本研究框架及研究定位;认为运动员人力资本理论是研究竞技体育市场化、社会化发展问题的基本分析工具之一,对运动员人力资本投资、产权、激励、收益分配的研究是研究竞技体育市场化、社会化过程中运动员人力资源管理的前提;运动员人力资本理论为研究完善我国竞技人才投资体系提供新的思路,为研究多元投资体系中各投资方的收益分配机制研究提供理论基础;运动员人力资本理论研究成果将对提升我国运动员的经济价值,提高职业运动员培养绩效和实现生涯贡献最大化有重要意义。

郭沫若研究述评

郭沫若研究已经走过了近一个世纪的历程 ,研究的价值远远超过了其本身的价值。在收集大量资料的基础上 ,运用客观描述与分析评点相结合的方法 ,从诗歌、历史剧、文艺思想与创作个性诸方面对郭沫若研究进行了系统全面的回顾、反思和评述 ,从而揭示郭沫若研究的多重价值和意义 ,指出研究中的不足和缺陷 。

人类承载力“K值”影响因素

人类承载力"K值"表示地球能承载人口的极限值。"K值"的影响因素的繁多以及相互间的联系使得"K值"确切数值的计算成为一项非常艰巨的任务。通过分析人类与自然的关系,探讨人类承载力的微观影响因素及其相互关系,从开放生态系统的性质讨论人类承载力的宏观影响因素,从而得出人类承载力受渐变和突变因素的结合控制,以此揭开承载和调控人类种群的机理并预测"K值"的可能发展趋势,达到避免计算"K值"确切数值而又能提出人口增长对策和可持续发展的指导意见的目的。

中国高中生留学地选择意愿的经济学分析

随着高等教育的国际化,中国的留学热持续升温,并趋于低龄化,高中生开始成为出国留学的主要潜在群体之一。那么他们将会去哪里留学?他们在考虑留学地的时候又会受到哪些因素的影响?在回顾消费者选择理论和人力资本投资理论的基础上,一项研究通过建构一个解释留学地选择的消费和投资混合模型,并应用中国高中生大样本调查数据,对上述问题进行了回答。研究发现,高中生选择留学地,不仅会考虑不同留学地所能带来的投资性效用,也会考虑在不同留学地上学的消费性效用,并且不同群体选择留学地时,还会受到家庭背景、学术能力、个人特征等方面的约束和影响。

论现代临床医学发展的人文走向

我们不能用静止的眼光看待当代的医学。在整个"以人为本"的环境背景和其它因素的影响下,近二十多年以来,现代医学正在开始走出人性冷漠的阴影,出现了一些重要的人文走向,尽管这还只是开始,但无疑给人们以希望和信心。

人类文化思想史中的休闲——历史·文化·哲学的视角

休闲在人类文明进化的历史中具有重要的文化价值,是人类精神的一种境界。考察休闲研究兴起的社会背景和学术背景,我们可以看到人类"文化自觉"意识的觉醒。休闲研究(leisurestudies)的兴起,其实质是对人类前途命运的一种思考,是对现代人类文化精神和价值体系发生断裂的现状做某些补救工作的一种努力,是试图通过对休闲与人生价值的思索,重新厘清人的文化精神坐标,进而促进人类的自省———未来的路如何走?人生的意义和价值究竟是什么?更多的意义是让我们学会思索———如何"成为人",成为快乐、自由、富有创造力和具有追求真善美能力的人。休闲是人类先进文化的重要组成部分。

文学政治价值的生成机制

文学具有多方面价值。除文艺美学价值以外,政治美学价值也是文学价值的重要组成部分,这一点学术界已达成共识。政治和文学分别属于社会科学和人文科学范畴,它们何以结缘?文学政治价值的生成机制又是什么?却一直是学术界热议的焦点问题。文学实例证明,对人的关注是两个学科的交汇点;而文学价值在政治层面的增值,除文学在伦理政治方面对人类理想社会的追寻以外,还包括权力政治范畴的政论性文学通过学科跨界所作出的贡献;在文学公共空间内,作家作为公共知识分子所发挥的意识形态作用则是文学政治价值生成的主要途径。

生态文化热点问题探讨

文章对学术界关注的生态文化热点问题进行了探讨:(1)人与自然关系问题。人—社会—自然是一个相互关联、相互作用的有机系统整体,自然生态系统的存在状况、发展趋势直接制约着人的生存与发展,它要求从人与自然的本然性联系出发,规范人的认识、实践活动。(2)价值主体问题。人作为主体是自然生态系统进化发展的产物,人的价值的实现离不开自然;生物、生态系统的演化具有自然目的性,是潜在的价值主体。(3)人的主体性问题。在批判继承近现代主体性思想的基础上论述了生态文化主体性思想,强调人作为主体,是生态系统的调控者,文章从主体意识、行为方式、主体活动过程几方面具体论述了生态主体性的内涵和特征。

谈我国企业核心竞争力的培育

核心竞争力是当前的一个热点研究课题,也是企业生存和发展的永续之道。本文仅从微观管理角度,既借鉴国外学者的研究成果,又联系企业的实际,对我国企业核心竞争力的培育问题,展开研讨。核心竞争力是企业逐步形成的一种战胜竞争对手的根本能力。它是别的企业不可能学会或模仿的深层能力。开展核心竞争力培育的研究,不仅关系到企业的生存与发展,而且关系到一个国家的综合国力的强弱。

坚持科学发展观构建和谐社会的马克思主义人学注证

以人为本是科学发展观的灵魂;一切为了人是构建社会主义和谐社会的主线。坚持以人为本的科学发展观、构建一切为了人的和谐社会,有着坚实的马克思主义人学根据。马克思主义人学价值观、马克思主义人的发展观及马克思主义人本生态观就是坚持科学发展观构建社会主义和谐社会的理论注证。