BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alan...BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase(ALT)improvement,but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB.METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF,then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT,AST,AST to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4)scores,and shear wave elastography(SWE)reading improvement at switching week 144,and the associated factors.RESULTS The mean age was 55(28-80);45.3%,males;15.1%,clinical cirrhosis;mean baseline ALT,24.8;AST,25.7 U/L;APRI,0.37;and FIB-4,1.66.After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF,mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21,respectively.From baseline to switching week 144,the rates of ALT and AST<35(male)/25(female)and<30(male)/19(female)were persistently increased;hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI<0.5,from 79.2%to 96.2%;FIB-4<1.45,from 52.8%to 58.5%,respectively;mean APRI was reduced to 0.27;FIB-4,to 1.38;and mean SWE reading,from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching.The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate>60 mL/min was increased from 86.5%at baseline to 88.2%at switching week 144.CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement,but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI,FIB-4 scores,as well as SWE reading,the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)is a prodrug of a nucleotide analogue.As an antiviral drug,TDF has been proposed in the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Qingzhong,a brand name of TDF,comme...BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)is a prodrug of a nucleotide analogue.As an antiviral drug,TDF has been proposed in the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Qingzhong,a brand name of TDF,commercialized by Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.,and Viread,another brand name of TDF,commercialized by GlaxoSmithKline,have both been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration,China.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of the two TDF agents in the treatment of Chinese CHB patients.METHODS This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier number of NCT02287857.A total of 330 Chinese CHB patients,among which 232 were hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive,were included in this 5-year-long,multicenter,double-blinded,double-dummy,randomized-controlled,noninferiority phase III trial.The participants were initially randomized into two groups:Group A(n=161),in which the participants received 300 mg Qingzhong once a day for 48 wk;and Group B,in which the participants received 300 mg Viread once a day for 48 wk.Starting from week 49,all the participants in Groups A and B received 300 mg Qingzhong once a day until the 96th week.In this study,the primary endpoint was the decrease in plasma level of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA at the 96th week,while the secondary endpoints were suppression of HBV replication,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)normalization,HBeAg loss,and HBeAg seroconversion rates.RESULTS For the participants with HBeAg-positive CHB,the decrease in mean HBV DNA level relative to the baseline value was comparable between Groups A and B(5.77 vs 5.73 log10 IU/mL,P>0.05)at the 96th week.In addition,similar percentages of HBeAg-positive participants in the two groups exhibited undetectable levels of HBV DNA,HBeAg loss,and HBeAg seroconversion(71.05%vs 77.97%,31.00%vs 27.27%,and 20.22%vs 15.79%,respectively,in Group A vs Group B;P>0.05).For the participants with HBeAg-negative CHB,the decrease in mean HBV DNA level relative to the baseline value was also comparable between Groups A and B(4.46 vs 4.70 log10 IU/mL,P>0.05)at the 96th week.In addition,similar percentages of HBeAg-negative participants in the two groups exhibited undetectable levels of HBV DNA(87.23%vs 94.12%in Group A vs Group B,respectively;P>0.05).Finally,similar percentages of CHB patients(HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative)in the two groups exhibited normalization of ALT(80.14%vs 84.57%in Group A vs Group B,respectively;P>0.05),and similar incidences of adverse events were observed(106 vs 104 in Group A vs Group B,respectively;P>0.05).CONCLUSION Both Qingzhong and Viread are effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese CHB patients according to the results of our clinical trial.展开更多
Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and me...Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and methods: A descriptive single-center retrospective study, on chronic viral hepatitis B mono-infected, followed in the hepatogastroenterology department of the University Hospital of Yopougon and treated with tenofovir from February 2012 to February 2015. The studied parameters were demographic, clinical, biochemical, serological, virological, abdominal ultrasound. Liver fibrosis was assessed either by liver biopsy or non-invasive tests. Results: 110 patients were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with a mean age of 40.4 years and a male predominance. Clinical examination revealed jaundice in 9% of cases, hepatomegaly in 7.3% of cases, splenomegaly in 9.1% of cases and ascites in 15.5% of cases. The AST averaged 77.3 IU/l, the ALT 76.8 IU/l, prothrombin rate at 76.6% , albumin level at 32.3 g/l, total bilirubin at 29.9 g/l, alpha fetoprotein rate at 15.3 ng/ml. HBe antigen was negative in 76.2% of cases. The average rate of DNA at baseline was 7.4 log10 IU/l. 27.5% was cirrhotic. The average time of starting treatment was 23.7 months. Conclusion: TDF is the first-line treatment for chronic hepatitis B in our country, because it is a well-tolerated, potent therapy with a high threshold for resistance development. Our study population had an average age of 40.4 years. Virological profile was dominated by HBe antigen negative patients and high viral load of HVB DNA. One third of patients were at the stage of cirrhosis. This treatment must be delivered free of charge in all the country hospitals, which is going to improve significantly the natural evolution of the disease and to decrease the incidence of the HCC.展开更多
Introduction: In this study, physical and chemical characteristics of Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and potential excipients were systematically followed and documented [1]. Objective: The objective ...Introduction: In this study, physical and chemical characteristics of Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and potential excipients were systematically followed and documented [1]. Objective: The objective of this scientific work was to carry out pre-formulation studies including compatibility studies on Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate with their potential excipients prior a direct compression process [2]. Methodology: The interaction was studied in three set of environments namely uncontrolled room conditions for Zone VI b (30°C ± 2°C), oven conditions in which the oven was set at 50°C and accelerated climatic conditions in which a climatic chamber was set at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %). Sample preparation was done by mixing the amount of formulation excipients to active substances at a ratio of 1:10, whereas active substance to another active substance at a ratio of 1:1, active substance to coating materials at 1:4, coating materials to the whole set of excipients 1:4. The whole set of samples was geometrically mixed and triturated by mortar and pestle to very fine uniform powder to ensure homogeneity of the mixture. HPLC analytical method was used for simultaneous quantitative determination of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Transmittance of the mixture was determined by Near Infra-Red (NIR) technique. Results: The amount of Lamivudine as on day 0 was comparable to day 90 for in all tested conditions (Room, Oven and Climatic Chamber), whereas for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate only the amount of the drug at Room (30°C ± 2°C) was comparable to results on day 90. A significant drop of amount of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) exposed to moisture (Climatic chamber at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %)) and temperature of 50°C was observed. Colour change was observed for samples subjected to moisture (Climatic chamber at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %)) and as well picked up in the NIR region 400 to 1500 cm<sup>-1</sup> (Finger print region) by a significant shift in Transmittance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that microcrystalline cellulose, cross linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and sodium carbxymethyl cellulose can be compressed together with Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) to produce a pharmaceutically acceptable solid dosage form, tablet. The produced tablets should be packed in moisture and light protective containers as Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) has diester linkages which can be hydrolysed into the active drug Tenofovir in the presence of moisture.展开更多
Purpose: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TEN) and emtricitabine (EMT) are both second generation ant-retroviral drugs used in the “treatment” of HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study is to establish the physic-chemical pro...Purpose: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TEN) and emtricitabine (EMT) are both second generation ant-retroviral drugs used in the “treatment” of HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study is to establish the physic-chemical properties of their reaction with chloranilic acid in different solvent systems and to justify the chemical basis for simultaneous quantitative determination of these drugs in their combined formulation. Method: TEN and EMT were individually isolated from their single formulations and purified by chromatography to obtain secondary standard. Purity of the isolates were tested for by comparison with literature values. Stock solution of chloranilic acid (CA) [3.0 × 10﹣3 M] was prepared in the following solvents of different polarities: ethanol, acetonitrile, ethylacetate, chloroform and hexane. Equal volumes of CA and TEN [3.0 × 10﹣2 M] and EMT [3.0 × 10﹣2 M] dissolved in different solvents were mixed whereby colored products were observed. Absorption maxima were determined. Calibration curves were generated and validated. Quantitative simultaneous determination of TEN and EMT was determined by standard protocol. Stoichiometric relationships between the drugs and CA were established. Equilibrium constants were determined at different temperatures from which the Gibb’s free energies were calculated. Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the enthalpy, entropy was similarly calculated. Results: Absorption maxima of CA in different solvents are as follows: Ethanol 310 nm;Acetonitrile 330 nm;Ethyl acetate 340 nm;Chloroform 350 nm and hexane 310 nm. The complex of CA and TEN in the different solvents are: Alcohol 525 nm, Acetonitrile 500 nm;Ethyl acetate 505 nm;Chloroform 510 nm and hexane 515 nm. For EMT complex absorption maxima are: Alcohol 510 nm;Acetonitrile 515 nm’ Ethyl acetate 520 nm’ Chloroform 505 nm and hexane 530 nm. Simultaneous quantitative recovery values for TEN are: Ethanol;97.89% ± 1.21;Acetonitrile 101.17 V 1.51%;Ethyl acetate 96.55% ± 0.71%;Chloroform 99.11% ± 0.34% and hexane 98.03% ± 0.15%. For EMT the values are also: Ethanol: 98.92% ± 1.45%;Acetonitrile 100.471 ± 13;Ethyl acetate 97.06% ± 0.87%;Chloroform 99.31% ± 0.94% and Hexane 99.97% ± 1.63%. Stoichiometry of complexation showed a 1:1 ratio for both drugs. Equilibrium constants for TEN were highest in acetonitrile and least for Ethanol while for EMT, equilibrium constant was least for acetonitrile and highest in chloroform. Gibb’s free energy for TEN was least in ethanol and highest in acetonitrile. Gibb’s free energy for EMT was least in acetonitrile and highest in chloroform. Enthalpy for TEN was least in chloroform and highest in hexane. Similarly, the enthalpy for EMT was highest in chloroform and lowest in hexane. Conclusion: These results shows that solvent polarity influence charge transfer complexes in a non consistent fashion. The structure of the donor might have contributed to thermodynamics of complexation since orbital overlap may vary from solvent to solvent. For quantitative analysis hexane appears to be the most suitable solvent because it has the highest molar absorptivity and higher enthalpy of interactions. Molecules that can donate electrons and their stereochemistry could contribute to intensity of absorption maxima of the electronic transitions.展开更多
Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate(TAF)has been endorsed by guidelines for blockade ofmother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV),given that its efficacy and safety are comparable to tenofovir disoproxil fumara...Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate(TAF)has been endorsed by guidelines for blockade ofmother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV),given that its efficacy and safety are comparable to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF).However,there is a lack of comparative studies regarding the treatment efficacy in patients with diverse viral loads.This study retrospectively analyzed 96 hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)–positive pregnant women with HBV DNA levels of≥2×10^(5) IU/mL.Based on viral loads(HBV DNA levels),participants in the TAF and TDF groups were stratified into three subgroups,namely,the High-G(titer≥8 log10 IU/mL),Middle-G(7 log10 IU/mL≤titer<8 log10 IU/mL)and Low-G(titer<7 log10 IU/mL)subgroups.The primary endpoint was effectiveness of TAF and TDF in patients with varying viral loads,whereas secondary endpoints were hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)positivity in infants at 7 to 12 months and the safety profile for mothers and children.Compared with baseline levels,median HBV DNA levels in mothers were decreased by 4.51 and 4.09 log10 IU/mL in the TAF andTDF groups(P=0.04)predelivery,respectively.In the High-G subgroup,the titers were significantly lower in the TAF group(P=0.045).A higher proportion of patients experienced a virus decline of≥4 log10 IU/mL in the TAF group compared with the TDF group,with rates of 78.26% versus 58%(P=0.034),respectively.Moreover,the median serum phosphate levels significantly decreased frombaseline to predelivery in the TDF group(P=0.04).Finally,infants in both cohorts tested negative for HBsAg at 7–12 months after delivery.Overall,our findings indicate that TAF can be considered the preferred option for the treatment of HBeAgpositive pregnant women with HBV DNA levels of≥8 log10 IU/mL.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic continues worldwide.We report here two cases of chronic hepatitis B patients with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection treated with tenofovir disoproxil fum...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic continues worldwide.We report here two cases of chronic hepatitis B patients with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate who demonstrated a favorable outcome.This report adds some evidence that concurrent HBV infection may not worsen COVID-19 infection and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment may have partial positive effect on COVID-19 rapid recovery.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on antiviral efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus infection.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were searched on C...Objective:To evaluate the effect of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on antiviral efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus infection.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were searched on CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,China Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ClinicalKey,Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov from the date of inception to April 2020.The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the efficacy evaluation index of the included RCT was set as the success rate of reaching the endpoint of viral suppression and achieving normalized ALT values at 48 weeks of treatment.Intentionality analysis was adopted and the analysis results were taken as the final conclusion.RevMan 5.3 software was used for this Meta-analysis.Meanwhile,VassarStats was used to evaluate the non-inferiority of TAF and calculate the difference of virus inhibition efficiency rate and 95%confidence interval between experimental group and the control group of each RCT.Results:After the literature search,411 potential articles were found,5 studies were finally included according to the criteria,and 2,120 patients were included.Intentionality analysis showed that TAF regimen and TDF regimen had similar viral suppression success rates(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.94~1.01,P=0.19).The ALT normalization rate in the TAF treatment group was higher than that in the TDF treatment group,and the difference was statistically significant(RR=1.35,95%CI:1.20-1.53,P<0.00001).The non-inferiority margin was set at 10%,and it was found that three RCT studies in the international multi-center all showed that TAF was not inferior to TDF in controlling HBV viral load,while two RCT studies in China's Mainland failed to achieve non-inferiority after calculation.Conclusions:At 48 weeks of treatment,TAF was similar to TDF in controlling HBV viral load.However,the efficacy of TAF in controlling HBV viral load may vary among different populations,which requires further confirmation by more clinical trial evidence.Based on AASLD criteria,the ALT normalization rate of the TAF group was higher than that of the TDF group at 48 weeks of treatment,showing an obvious advantage.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase(ALT)improvement,but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB.METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF,then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT,AST,AST to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4)scores,and shear wave elastography(SWE)reading improvement at switching week 144,and the associated factors.RESULTS The mean age was 55(28-80);45.3%,males;15.1%,clinical cirrhosis;mean baseline ALT,24.8;AST,25.7 U/L;APRI,0.37;and FIB-4,1.66.After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF,mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21,respectively.From baseline to switching week 144,the rates of ALT and AST<35(male)/25(female)and<30(male)/19(female)were persistently increased;hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI<0.5,from 79.2%to 96.2%;FIB-4<1.45,from 52.8%to 58.5%,respectively;mean APRI was reduced to 0.27;FIB-4,to 1.38;and mean SWE reading,from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching.The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate>60 mL/min was increased from 86.5%at baseline to 88.2%at switching week 144.CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement,but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI,FIB-4 scores,as well as SWE reading,the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.
基金Supported by The 13th Five-year Science and Technology Major Project of China,on the Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases,No.2017ZX10202202.
文摘BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)is a prodrug of a nucleotide analogue.As an antiviral drug,TDF has been proposed in the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Qingzhong,a brand name of TDF,commercialized by Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.,and Viread,another brand name of TDF,commercialized by GlaxoSmithKline,have both been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration,China.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of the two TDF agents in the treatment of Chinese CHB patients.METHODS This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier number of NCT02287857.A total of 330 Chinese CHB patients,among which 232 were hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive,were included in this 5-year-long,multicenter,double-blinded,double-dummy,randomized-controlled,noninferiority phase III trial.The participants were initially randomized into two groups:Group A(n=161),in which the participants received 300 mg Qingzhong once a day for 48 wk;and Group B,in which the participants received 300 mg Viread once a day for 48 wk.Starting from week 49,all the participants in Groups A and B received 300 mg Qingzhong once a day until the 96th week.In this study,the primary endpoint was the decrease in plasma level of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA at the 96th week,while the secondary endpoints were suppression of HBV replication,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)normalization,HBeAg loss,and HBeAg seroconversion rates.RESULTS For the participants with HBeAg-positive CHB,the decrease in mean HBV DNA level relative to the baseline value was comparable between Groups A and B(5.77 vs 5.73 log10 IU/mL,P>0.05)at the 96th week.In addition,similar percentages of HBeAg-positive participants in the two groups exhibited undetectable levels of HBV DNA,HBeAg loss,and HBeAg seroconversion(71.05%vs 77.97%,31.00%vs 27.27%,and 20.22%vs 15.79%,respectively,in Group A vs Group B;P>0.05).For the participants with HBeAg-negative CHB,the decrease in mean HBV DNA level relative to the baseline value was also comparable between Groups A and B(4.46 vs 4.70 log10 IU/mL,P>0.05)at the 96th week.In addition,similar percentages of HBeAg-negative participants in the two groups exhibited undetectable levels of HBV DNA(87.23%vs 94.12%in Group A vs Group B,respectively;P>0.05).Finally,similar percentages of CHB patients(HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative)in the two groups exhibited normalization of ALT(80.14%vs 84.57%in Group A vs Group B,respectively;P>0.05),and similar incidences of adverse events were observed(106 vs 104 in Group A vs Group B,respectively;P>0.05).CONCLUSION Both Qingzhong and Viread are effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese CHB patients according to the results of our clinical trial.
文摘Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and methods: A descriptive single-center retrospective study, on chronic viral hepatitis B mono-infected, followed in the hepatogastroenterology department of the University Hospital of Yopougon and treated with tenofovir from February 2012 to February 2015. The studied parameters were demographic, clinical, biochemical, serological, virological, abdominal ultrasound. Liver fibrosis was assessed either by liver biopsy or non-invasive tests. Results: 110 patients were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with a mean age of 40.4 years and a male predominance. Clinical examination revealed jaundice in 9% of cases, hepatomegaly in 7.3% of cases, splenomegaly in 9.1% of cases and ascites in 15.5% of cases. The AST averaged 77.3 IU/l, the ALT 76.8 IU/l, prothrombin rate at 76.6% , albumin level at 32.3 g/l, total bilirubin at 29.9 g/l, alpha fetoprotein rate at 15.3 ng/ml. HBe antigen was negative in 76.2% of cases. The average rate of DNA at baseline was 7.4 log10 IU/l. 27.5% was cirrhotic. The average time of starting treatment was 23.7 months. Conclusion: TDF is the first-line treatment for chronic hepatitis B in our country, because it is a well-tolerated, potent therapy with a high threshold for resistance development. Our study population had an average age of 40.4 years. Virological profile was dominated by HBe antigen negative patients and high viral load of HVB DNA. One third of patients were at the stage of cirrhosis. This treatment must be delivered free of charge in all the country hospitals, which is going to improve significantly the natural evolution of the disease and to decrease the incidence of the HCC.
文摘Introduction: In this study, physical and chemical characteristics of Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and potential excipients were systematically followed and documented [1]. Objective: The objective of this scientific work was to carry out pre-formulation studies including compatibility studies on Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate with their potential excipients prior a direct compression process [2]. Methodology: The interaction was studied in three set of environments namely uncontrolled room conditions for Zone VI b (30°C ± 2°C), oven conditions in which the oven was set at 50°C and accelerated climatic conditions in which a climatic chamber was set at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %). Sample preparation was done by mixing the amount of formulation excipients to active substances at a ratio of 1:10, whereas active substance to another active substance at a ratio of 1:1, active substance to coating materials at 1:4, coating materials to the whole set of excipients 1:4. The whole set of samples was geometrically mixed and triturated by mortar and pestle to very fine uniform powder to ensure homogeneity of the mixture. HPLC analytical method was used for simultaneous quantitative determination of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Transmittance of the mixture was determined by Near Infra-Red (NIR) technique. Results: The amount of Lamivudine as on day 0 was comparable to day 90 for in all tested conditions (Room, Oven and Climatic Chamber), whereas for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate only the amount of the drug at Room (30°C ± 2°C) was comparable to results on day 90. A significant drop of amount of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) exposed to moisture (Climatic chamber at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %)) and temperature of 50°C was observed. Colour change was observed for samples subjected to moisture (Climatic chamber at 40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH %)) and as well picked up in the NIR region 400 to 1500 cm<sup>-1</sup> (Finger print region) by a significant shift in Transmittance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that microcrystalline cellulose, cross linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and sodium carbxymethyl cellulose can be compressed together with Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) to produce a pharmaceutically acceptable solid dosage form, tablet. The produced tablets should be packed in moisture and light protective containers as Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) has diester linkages which can be hydrolysed into the active drug Tenofovir in the presence of moisture.
文摘Purpose: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TEN) and emtricitabine (EMT) are both second generation ant-retroviral drugs used in the “treatment” of HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study is to establish the physic-chemical properties of their reaction with chloranilic acid in different solvent systems and to justify the chemical basis for simultaneous quantitative determination of these drugs in their combined formulation. Method: TEN and EMT were individually isolated from their single formulations and purified by chromatography to obtain secondary standard. Purity of the isolates were tested for by comparison with literature values. Stock solution of chloranilic acid (CA) [3.0 × 10﹣3 M] was prepared in the following solvents of different polarities: ethanol, acetonitrile, ethylacetate, chloroform and hexane. Equal volumes of CA and TEN [3.0 × 10﹣2 M] and EMT [3.0 × 10﹣2 M] dissolved in different solvents were mixed whereby colored products were observed. Absorption maxima were determined. Calibration curves were generated and validated. Quantitative simultaneous determination of TEN and EMT was determined by standard protocol. Stoichiometric relationships between the drugs and CA were established. Equilibrium constants were determined at different temperatures from which the Gibb’s free energies were calculated. Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the enthalpy, entropy was similarly calculated. Results: Absorption maxima of CA in different solvents are as follows: Ethanol 310 nm;Acetonitrile 330 nm;Ethyl acetate 340 nm;Chloroform 350 nm and hexane 310 nm. The complex of CA and TEN in the different solvents are: Alcohol 525 nm, Acetonitrile 500 nm;Ethyl acetate 505 nm;Chloroform 510 nm and hexane 515 nm. For EMT complex absorption maxima are: Alcohol 510 nm;Acetonitrile 515 nm’ Ethyl acetate 520 nm’ Chloroform 505 nm and hexane 530 nm. Simultaneous quantitative recovery values for TEN are: Ethanol;97.89% ± 1.21;Acetonitrile 101.17 V 1.51%;Ethyl acetate 96.55% ± 0.71%;Chloroform 99.11% ± 0.34% and hexane 98.03% ± 0.15%. For EMT the values are also: Ethanol: 98.92% ± 1.45%;Acetonitrile 100.471 ± 13;Ethyl acetate 97.06% ± 0.87%;Chloroform 99.31% ± 0.94% and Hexane 99.97% ± 1.63%. Stoichiometry of complexation showed a 1:1 ratio for both drugs. Equilibrium constants for TEN were highest in acetonitrile and least for Ethanol while for EMT, equilibrium constant was least for acetonitrile and highest in chloroform. Gibb’s free energy for TEN was least in ethanol and highest in acetonitrile. Gibb’s free energy for EMT was least in acetonitrile and highest in chloroform. Enthalpy for TEN was least in chloroform and highest in hexane. Similarly, the enthalpy for EMT was highest in chloroform and lowest in hexane. Conclusion: These results shows that solvent polarity influence charge transfer complexes in a non consistent fashion. The structure of the donor might have contributed to thermodynamics of complexation since orbital overlap may vary from solvent to solvent. For quantitative analysis hexane appears to be the most suitable solvent because it has the highest molar absorptivity and higher enthalpy of interactions. Molecules that can donate electrons and their stereochemistry could contribute to intensity of absorption maxima of the electronic transitions.
基金supported by the Key Project of Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau of Agriculture and Social Development Scientific Research(2022A04A02)Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Research Project(2018KY628)Hangzhou City Social Development Scientific Research Active Design Project(20172016A03).
文摘Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate(TAF)has been endorsed by guidelines for blockade ofmother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV),given that its efficacy and safety are comparable to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF).However,there is a lack of comparative studies regarding the treatment efficacy in patients with diverse viral loads.This study retrospectively analyzed 96 hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)–positive pregnant women with HBV DNA levels of≥2×10^(5) IU/mL.Based on viral loads(HBV DNA levels),participants in the TAF and TDF groups were stratified into three subgroups,namely,the High-G(titer≥8 log10 IU/mL),Middle-G(7 log10 IU/mL≤titer<8 log10 IU/mL)and Low-G(titer<7 log10 IU/mL)subgroups.The primary endpoint was effectiveness of TAF and TDF in patients with varying viral loads,whereas secondary endpoints were hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)positivity in infants at 7 to 12 months and the safety profile for mothers and children.Compared with baseline levels,median HBV DNA levels in mothers were decreased by 4.51 and 4.09 log10 IU/mL in the TAF andTDF groups(P=0.04)predelivery,respectively.In the High-G subgroup,the titers were significantly lower in the TAF group(P=0.045).A higher proportion of patients experienced a virus decline of≥4 log10 IU/mL in the TAF group compared with the TDF group,with rates of 78.26% versus 58%(P=0.034),respectively.Moreover,the median serum phosphate levels significantly decreased frombaseline to predelivery in the TDF group(P=0.04).Finally,infants in both cohorts tested negative for HBsAg at 7–12 months after delivery.Overall,our findings indicate that TAF can be considered the preferred option for the treatment of HBeAgpositive pregnant women with HBV DNA levels of≥8 log10 IU/mL.
基金This work was supported by the Applied Basic and Frontier Technology Research Project of Wuhan(grant no.2020020601012233)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.2020kfyXGYJ016).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic continues worldwide.We report here two cases of chronic hepatitis B patients with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate who demonstrated a favorable outcome.This report adds some evidence that concurrent HBV infection may not worsen COVID-19 infection and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment may have partial positive effect on COVID-19 rapid recovery.
基金General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81572007)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on antiviral efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus infection.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were searched on CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,China Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ClinicalKey,Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov from the date of inception to April 2020.The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the efficacy evaluation index of the included RCT was set as the success rate of reaching the endpoint of viral suppression and achieving normalized ALT values at 48 weeks of treatment.Intentionality analysis was adopted and the analysis results were taken as the final conclusion.RevMan 5.3 software was used for this Meta-analysis.Meanwhile,VassarStats was used to evaluate the non-inferiority of TAF and calculate the difference of virus inhibition efficiency rate and 95%confidence interval between experimental group and the control group of each RCT.Results:After the literature search,411 potential articles were found,5 studies were finally included according to the criteria,and 2,120 patients were included.Intentionality analysis showed that TAF regimen and TDF regimen had similar viral suppression success rates(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.94~1.01,P=0.19).The ALT normalization rate in the TAF treatment group was higher than that in the TDF treatment group,and the difference was statistically significant(RR=1.35,95%CI:1.20-1.53,P<0.00001).The non-inferiority margin was set at 10%,and it was found that three RCT studies in the international multi-center all showed that TAF was not inferior to TDF in controlling HBV viral load,while two RCT studies in China's Mainland failed to achieve non-inferiority after calculation.Conclusions:At 48 weeks of treatment,TAF was similar to TDF in controlling HBV viral load.However,the efficacy of TAF in controlling HBV viral load may vary among different populations,which requires further confirmation by more clinical trial evidence.Based on AASLD criteria,the ALT normalization rate of the TAF group was higher than that of the TDF group at 48 weeks of treatment,showing an obvious advantage.
