Effect of natural and synthetic fibers reinforcement on California bearing ratio and tensile strength of clay

Use of environmentally friendly approaches with the purpose of strengthening soil layers along with finding correlations between the mechanical characteristics of fiber-reinforced soils such as indirect tensile strength(ITS)and California bearing ratio(CBR)and as well as the evaluation of shear strength parameters obtained from the triaxial test would be very effective at geotechnical construction sites.This research was aimed at investigating the influence of natural fibers as sustainable ones including basalt(BS)and bagasse(BG)as well as synthetic polyester(PET)fibers on the strength behavior of clayey soil.To this end,the effects of various fiber contents(0.5%,1%and 2%)and lengths(2.5 mm,5 mm and 7.5 mm)were experimentally evaluated.By conducting ITS and CBR tests,it was found that increasing fiber content and length had a significant influence on CBR and ITS values.Moreover,2%of 7.5 mm-long fibers led to the largest values of CBR and ITS.The CBR values of soil reinforced with PET,BS,and BG fibers were determined as 19.17%,15.43%and 13.16%,respectively.The ITS values of specimens reinforced with PET,BS,and BG fibers were reported as 48.57 kPa,60.7 kPa and 47.48 kPa,respectively.The results of the triaxial compression test revealed that with the addition of BS fibers,the internal friction angle increased by about 100%,and with the addition of PET fibers,the cohesion increased by about 70%.Moreover,scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis was employed to confirm the findings.The relationship between CBR and ITS values,obtained via statistical analysis and used for the optimum design of road pavement layers,demonstrated that these parameters had high correlation coefficients.The outcomes of multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis also confirmed that the fiber content had a greater effect on CBR and ITS values than fiber length.

Influence of yield-to-tensile strength ratio(Y/T) on failure assessment of defect-free and corroded X70 steel pipeline

The effect of yield-to-tensile strength ratio(Y/T) on failure pressure of X70 pipeline without and with corrosion defects was investigated.The stress-strain response of materials was characterized by a power-law hardening curve.Two formulas to estimate the strain hardening exponent n for a special Y/T were obtained by least squared regression method and the influence of Y/T on n was analyzed.As an application of n-Y/T expression,the analytical solutions of burst pressure for X70 pipeline without and with corrosion defects were also obtained.The results indicate that the burst pressure of defect-free X70 pipe without corrosion defects is a function of the Y/T,pipe geometry t0/D0 and engineering tensile strength,and increases as Y/T or t0/D0 increases; whilst the burst pressure of corroded X70 pipe decreases with the increase of defect depths,d/t.Comparisons indicate that the present analytical solutions closely match available experimental and numerical data.

Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam （Carpinus betulus） roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests, Iran

Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam （Carpinus betulus） were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio （RAR） values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly terrain of Northern Iran. RAR values of the roots were obtained using profile trenching method at soil depth of the top 0.1 m. In total 123 root specimens were analyzed for tensile strength. Results indicate that in general, RAR decreases with depth, following a power function. The RAR values in up and down slopes have no significant statistical differences. In most cases, the maximum RAR values were located in soil depth of the top 0.1 m, with maximum rooting depth at about 0.75 m. The minimum and maximum RAR values along the profiles were 0.004% and 6.431% for down slope and 0.004% and 3.995% for up slope, respectively. The number of roots in the up and down slope trenches was not significantly different. In the same manner as for RAR, number of roots distributing with depth was satisfactorily approximated a power function. The penetration depths of above 90 percent of the roots were at soil depths of 50 cm and 60 cm for up and down slopes, respectively. Results of Spearman＇s bivariate correlation showed no significant correlation between the RAR value with tree diameter and gradient of slope and number of roots. The mean value of root tensile strength was 31.51 ± 1.05 MPa and root tensile strength decreased with the increase in root diameter, following a power law equation. Using ANCOVA, we found intraspecies variation of tensile strength.

Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam(Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests,Iran

Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam(Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio(RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly terrain of Northern Iran.RAR values of the roots were obtained using profile trenching method at soil depth of the top 0.1 m.In total 123 root specimens were analyzed for tensile strength.Results indicate that in general, RAR decreases with depth, following a power function.The RAR values in up and down slopes have no significant statistical differences.In most cases, the maximum RAR values were located in soil depth of the top 0.1 m, with maximum rooting depth at about 0.75 m.The minimum and maximum RAR values along the profiles were 0.004% and 6.431% for down slope and 0.004% and 3.995% for up slope, respectively.The number of roots in the up and down slope trenches was not significantly different.In the same manner as for RAR, number of roots distributing with depth was satisfactorily approximated a power function.The penetration depths of above 90 percent of the roots were at soil depths of 50 cm and 60 cm for up and down slopes, respectively.Results of Spearman's bivariate correlation showed no significant correlation between the RAR value with tree diameter and gradient of slope and number of roots.The mean value of root tensile strength was 31.51 ± 1.05 MPa and root tensile strength decreased with the increase in root diameter, follow-ing a power law equation.Using ANCOVA, we found intraspecies variation of tensile strength.

Effect of Surface Texture on Tensile Shear Strength of 1060Al-PET Welding Joints

Joining metal to plastic can lighten weight of products to reduce energy consumption.However,it is difficult to achieve high-strength welding between metal and plastic.To address this problem,the methods of surface texture pretreatment and laser irradiation welding was proposed to achieve the high-strength connection of metal and plastic.In this study,with different parameters of laser power and texture morphology,1060 Al with surface texture treatment was joined to polyethylene terephthalate(PET)by laser irradiation welding from metal side.Study showed that as the laser power increased,the tensile shear strength of joints increased first,and decreased thereafter.Tensile shear tests demonstrated that the mechanical force of joint was strengthened contributed to mechanical anchorage formed by surface texture.The depth-width ratio of the texture grooves affected the tensile shear process of the joint.According to the result of temperature simulation,the existence of texture grooves reduced the heat transfer efficiency,and the heat dissipation at interface was also impeded in course of laser welding.Finally,the maximum tensile strength of 1060Al-PET joint reached 48.4 MPa,which was close to the strength of PET matrix.The bonding mechanism of the 1060Al-PET joints was composed of mechanical bonding and chemical bonding.This study proposes an effective method to join metal to plastic which achieved high-strength connection between metal and plastic.

沙漠砂纤维陶粒混凝土力学性能试验研究

为研究沙漠砂纤维轻骨料混凝土(DPFLWC)的力学性能,通过不同掺量的聚丙烯纤维混凝土进行28 d抗压强度、劈拉强度的试验研究。探讨了劈拉强度、抗压强度在不同纤维掺量下的变化规律;构建了劈拉强度与抗压强度关系的计算模型。结果表明:其抗压强度、劈拉强度均随纤维掺量的增加呈先增后减的规律,当纤维掺量较高时,其强度增长率降低;能量耗散分析表明聚丙烯纤维起到了增韧作用,提高了耗能能力;结合现有文献数据验证了劈拉强度与抗压强度的换算关系的可靠性;其结果可为沙漠砂纤维陶粒混凝土在工程上的应用提供参考。

A STUDY OF THE SPECIMEN SIZE OF STRIP TENSILE TEST FOR NEEDLE-PUNCHED NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

In this paper,the failure features of strip tensile specimen were observed and analysed for need-le-punched non-woven geotextiles.A mechanical model which expresses the relation between thetensile modulus,the strip specimen size,contraction factor and the tensile strength of non-wovenfabric was derived.The theoretical prediction showed that the main factor influencing tensilestrength of non-woven geotextile specimens with different size is the contraction factor of specimenor the specimen aspect ratio(width/length).The larger the aspect ratio,the higher the tensilestrength test value of geotextiles,but the experiments showed that the specimen tensile strength isnot increased with increasing the width of specimen.The reason was discussed and it seemed thatthe deviation could be served as an indication of the degree of imperfectness of the non-wovenstructure.

Influence of recrystallized microstructure on the mechanical properties of cold rolled microalloy high strength steel

Because of the influence of Nb-educts in cold rolled Nb-microalloy high strength steel manufactured by a continuous annealing unit, different quantities of non-recrystallized ferrite exist in the material, which leads to great fluctuation of mechanical behavior of the material. In this study, the relationship between non-recrystallized ferrite and mechanical properties is analyzed, and some factors influencing the formation of non-recrystallized ferrite are also studied.

Effect of Aramid/Carbon Hybrid on the Tensile Properties of Multilayered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

The effects of aramid/carbon on tensile properties of multilayered biaxial weft knitted( MBWK) fabric reinforced composites are analyzed by experiments. The tensile tests are inducted by the SHIMADZU AG-250 KNE universal material testing machine and Aramis V6 digital image correlation( DIC) technique.More specifically,the composite samples own four hybrid ratios(Na∶ Nc= 12∶ 0,8 ∶ 4,6 ∶ 6 and 4 ∶ 8). The results showed that the aramid/carbon hybrid MBWK fabric reinforced composites showed nearly linear response until reaching the maximum load and the inserting yarns distribution on the surface of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites had a great influence on the strain pattern distribution. Besides,the tensile strength,the tensile modulus and the elongation at breakage of 0° samples and 90° samples increased with the decreasing of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio. In a word,the changes of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at breakage have a lot to do with the difference of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio.

高强页岩轻骨料混凝土制备及微观结构研究

基于最紧密堆积理论和最小需水量法进行高强页岩轻骨料混凝土配合比设计与制备,研究了水胶比对抗压及劈裂抗拉强度影响,并借助SEM/EDS进行微观测试分析。结果表明:当粗细骨料体积分数比为5.5:4.5时,粗细骨料达到最紧密堆积状态;当硅灰、粉煤灰和水泥质量比为0.8:3.2:6时,需水量最少,粉体材料密实度最佳;依据优化配比所配混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均随龄期增加而增加;随着水胶比增加,抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度呈先增后减的趋势,且当水胶比为0.24时达到最大,分别为70.9、5.83MPa;硅灰和粉煤灰特有的形态效应和火山灰效应有效改善了浆体与骨料间界面的密实程度,微观结果显示浆体与骨料界面区域结构致密,陶粒区域为富Si、Al相,浆体一侧为富Ca相。

不同粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰再生混凝土的力学性能研究

为探讨不同再生粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,以及再生混凝土抗折强度与再生粗骨料取代率、水胶比之间的关系,以RC30设计强度等级为基础设计了16组配合比,制作了96块再生混凝土试块,主要进行了再生混凝土的抗压强度试验和抗折强度试验。得出如下结论:随粉煤灰掺量的增加,不同再生粗骨料取代率,抗压强度变化规律有所不同;再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%和40%时,抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加整体呈下降趋势;而当再生粗骨料取代率为50%时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压强度先减小后增大。粉煤灰掺量大于20%时,天然骨料混凝土的抗压强度急剧下降,而再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度降低幅度均较小,大掺量粉煤灰在再生混凝土中或将有更大的应用空间。通过观察抗折强度试件破坏断面,分析再生混凝土变形破坏特征。粉煤灰的掺入提高了天然骨料混凝土的抗折强度,且掺量为20%强度最高。再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,随粉煤灰掺量变化抗折强度整体呈下降趋势,但下降幅度很小;再生粗骨料取代率为40%和50%时,呈先减后增再减的趋势。天然骨料混凝土的折压比随粉煤灰掺量的增加而提高;再生混凝土折压比随粉煤灰掺量的变化趋势与抗折强度一致,但变化幅度略小。粉煤灰对再生混凝土抗折强度的影响大于抗压强度;再生粗骨料取代率为30%,粉煤灰掺量为10%为较优掺量。提出再生混凝土抗折强度预测式。

原生混凝土强度对再生骨料透水混凝土强度的影响

将废弃混凝土试块按强度等级分类制成再生骨料,在不同水灰比条件下制备再生骨料透水混凝土。通过对所制试件进行抗压强度和弯拉强度测试、宏观和微观组织表征以及显微硬度测试,分析了原生混凝土强度和水灰比对再生骨料透水混凝土强度的影响。结果表明,再生骨料透水混凝土强度与原生混凝土强度存在明确正相关性。原生混凝土强度每提高10 MPa,再生骨料透水混凝土抗压强度可提高10%~20%,弯拉强度可提高10%~30%。不同强度等级原生混凝土制备的再生骨料透水混凝土最优水灰比呈现规律性变化。随着原生混凝土强度的提高,再生骨料表面的孔隙变小、微裂缝变少,附着的水泥浆趋于致密,所制再生骨料透水混凝土界面强度增大。

植物纤维加筋土在泥塑文物修复工作中应用的可行性

天津蓟州区独乐寺中的十一面观音像的粗泥层表面产生破碎、起甲、龟裂、酥碱等病害.为找到修复泥塑文物粗泥层所用加筋土的最佳配比,探究麦秆纤维和细砂的含量对泥塑文物粗泥层的影响,以不同砂/纤维配比的粗泥层试样为研究对象,开展干燥收缩试验和抗压、抗拉试验,并结合扫描电子显微镜照片进行分析.结果表明,观音像粗泥层中的掺和物为砂、纤维;砂含量不同时,粗泥层试样中的纤维对试样失水收缩过程的作用效果不同.纤维的加入使试样在受压和受拉时由脆性破坏转变为塑性破坏,纤维和砂含量在影响试样抗压强度方面具有较复杂的联系.试样中加入砂可降低粗泥层的收缩率,加入纤维可抑制试样的干燥收缩现象,并降低粗泥层总质量,改善泥塑文物损害.

次生孔隙缺陷对混凝土拉压强度影响试验研究

混凝土内部次生孔隙缺陷对其拉压强度影响显著。运用多种尺寸的EPS颗粒模拟混凝土内部的次生孔隙率与孔径分布,对不同次生孔径及孔隙率下的混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度进行了研究,并基于灰色关联度理论开展了次生孔隙率和孔径对混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的关联性分析。研究结果表明:混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均随着次生孔隙率的增大呈近似线性下降趋势。混凝土抗压强度随着次生孔径的增大而下降,而劈裂抗拉强度则随着次生孔径的增大呈先降后增趋势,且孔径为4 mm时降幅达到最大值。随着次生孔隙率的增大,混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的降幅均增大。灰色关联度分析结果表明,相较于次生孔隙率,次生孔径对混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响更为显著。

花岗岩尾矿砂制备砂浆的黏结性能研究

利用花岗岩尾矿砂(GTS)制备砂浆,研究了胶砂比、聚乙烯醇胶粉(PVAP)和聚乙烯醇纤维(PVAF)对砂浆黏结性能的影响规律,分析了砂浆破坏形式与拉伸黏结强度之间的关系,并通过SEM对其微观机理进行分析。结果表明,单掺聚乙烯醇胶粉或聚乙烯醇纤维对砂浆黏结性能均有提升,复掺聚乙烯醇胶粉和聚乙烯醇纤维时砂浆黏结性能最优。砂浆的胶砂比为1∶2,聚乙烯醇胶粉为0.9%(质量分数),聚乙烯醇纤维为1.5%(体积分数)时,黏结性能最优,28 d拉伸黏结强度最高可达1.75 MPa。砂浆破坏形式与拉伸黏结强度有关。未掺聚乙烯醇胶粉与聚乙烯醇纤维时破坏形式多为界面破坏,复掺聚乙烯醇胶粉与聚乙烯醇纤维时破坏形式多为基体破坏,单掺聚乙烯醇胶粉或聚乙烯醇纤维时破坏形式多为界面-基体破坏。

聚丙烯腈纤维对废陶瓷粗骨料混凝土力学性能影响研究

通过掺加聚丙烯腈纤维改善废陶瓷粗骨料混凝土(RCAC)的力学性能,研究了废陶瓷粗骨料的最优掺量,以及聚丙烯腈纤维掺量对RCAC力学性能的影响。结果表明:废陶瓷粗骨料的最优掺量为58%,在废陶瓷粗骨料最优掺量基础上,掺入0.8 kg/m~3聚丙烯腈纤维可以使RCAC抗压强度达到C30强度等级要求,掺入1.2 kg/m~3聚丙烯腈纤维可以明显提高RCAC的劈裂抗拉强度,使其高于C30等级水平。通过拟合得出反映聚丙烯腈纤维掺量与RCAC抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度之间变化关系的经验公式。

非抗震钢筋的既有RC框架结构抗震性能评估研究

为评估采用非抗震钢筋的既有钢筋混凝土框架结构,对比分析了钢筋强屈比、超屈比和伸长率对构件性能的影响,论述了结合钢筋材料抽样检测和大震弹塑性时程分析的既有框架结构抗震性能评估方法,实现了定量分析非抗震钢筋三项抗震材料指标对结构性能的影响。通过一栋既有住宅建筑,展示采用上述评估方法复核大震作用下结构与构件的性能状态。结果表明,尽管非抗震钢筋达不到抗震钢筋的材料指标要求,但大震作用下构件满足设定的性能水准要求,构件损伤形成了“强柱弱梁”的破坏形态,结构满足设定的抗震性能目标。

Mechanical characteristics of tensile strength ratio method compared to other parameters used for moisture susceptibility evaluation of asphalt mixtures

In this study,mechanical characteristics of tensile strength ratio(TSR)were evaluated by comparing it to other methods in evaluating moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures.Twenty types of asphalt mixtures with and without anti-stripping additives were prepared and tested in the laboratory.Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and indirect tensile(IDT)testing were conducted to determine the mixture’s tensile strength ratio and cohesion ratio(CR).Determining TSR alone was found to be insufficient when evaluating moisture resistance.There is a need to consider both TSR and wet IDT strength to properly evaluate moisture behavior of asphalt mixtures.Moreover,it was found that the cohesion and the IDT strength have a good relation in which the minimum condition of the slope,must be met.However,it was observed thatβvalues change depending on material type and temperature.Hence,there is a need to evaluate theseβvalues for varying material and testing temperature.In addition,it was found that the TSR and CR results are highly correlated with an average difference of 1.5%.Furthermore,other tests such as Marshall stability and dynamic immersion were also conducted.It was found that Marshall stability ratio(MSR)and Marshall stability to flow ratio(MSFR)values are less sensitive to moisture effect when measuring moisture resistance compared to TSR values.Finally,the 48 h testing result of the dynamic immersion test showed better correlation with TSR values.

聚羧酸系减水剂不同掺量对活性粉末混凝土的影响研究

本文系统研究了聚羧酸系减水剂的不同掺量、不同种类以及掺合料的类型对活性粉末混凝土一系列性能的影响,包括力学性能、工作性能等。聚羧酸系减水剂一般需要经历放出自由水来改善活性粉末混凝土的水化过程。聚羧酸系减水剂的有效成分掺量的增加,活性粉末混凝土的流动性、抗折和抗压强度显示出先升后降的趋势。活性粉末混凝土在掺有早强型减水剂后会表现出较好的力学性能,而活性粉末混凝土在掺有缓凝型减水剂后则表现出更优异的施工性,这2种减水剂在改善粉末混凝土的性能方面均有较好的缓凝效果。

玄武岩纤维增强的轻集料混凝土力学特性分析

为优化玄武岩纤维增强轻集料混凝土力学特性,以轻集料部分替代卵碎石,制备不同种类、不同掺量及不同水灰比的玄武岩纤维增强轻集料混凝土,并对其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、微观结构进行观测分析。结果表明:不同种类轻集料所制备的混凝土力学性能相差较大,其中煤矸石混凝土的力学特性优于浮石及陶粒;煤矸石替代率在30%以下时,煤矸石混凝土力学特性有所提高,而随着替代率的上升,其力学特性有所下降;水灰比增大时,轻集料混凝土力学特性整体呈现下降趋势,且下降幅度逐步升高。