Extended application of the tension test in thermal simulator Thermecmastor-Z

With the redesigned jigs for the Thermecmastor-Z thermal simulator,the feasibility of using 3 kinds of Gleeble specimens in the Thermecmastor-Z simulator was investigated. Results show that Gleeble specimens can be used in the Thermecmastor-Z simulator. The tension tests in the Gleeble and Thermecmastor-Z simulators produced results with the same trend,which proves that the high temperature ductility of Gleeble specimens can be reflected by the Thermecmastor- Z simulator. In addition,as the Thermecmastor-Z simulator offers a wider heating zone,better cross-section shrinkage and elongation of specimens can be achieved under the same test conditions.

Evaluation of Contact Pressure in Bending under Tension Test by a Pressure Sensitive Film

The contact pressure acting on the sheet/tools interface has been studied because of growing the concern about the wear of tools. Recent studies make use of numerical simulation software to evaluate and correlate this pressure with the friction and wear generated. Since there are many studies that determine the coefficient of friction in sheet metal forming by bending under tension (BUT) test, the contact pressure between the pin and the sheet was measured using a film that has the ability to record the applied pressure. The vertical force applied to pin was also measured. The results indicate that the vertical force is more accurate to set the contact pressure that using equations predetermined. It was also observed that the contact area between the sheet and the pin is always smaller than the area calculated geometrically. The friction coefficient was determined for the BUT test through several equations proposed by various authors in order to check if there is much variation between the results. It was observed that the friction coefficient showed little variation for each equation, and each one can be used. The material used was the commercially pure aluminum, alloy Al1100.

RESEARCH ON COMPUTER TESTING OF THE DYNAMIC DISSOCIATING TENSION OF COOKED COCOON FILAMENT

This paper discussed the setting up of a comeuter automatic system for testing the dy-namic dissociating tension of cooked cocoon filament by means of microcomputer tech-niques.The dynamic dissociating tension of two kinds of row cocoons with differentreelability was tested and analysed under different cocoon cooking conditions.More relia-ble data have been obtained by quantitative tests.The conclusions reached by analysingthese data are of practical significance to perfecting the cocoon cooking theory,assessingcocoon quality,improving the cocoon cooking process,etc.

锚杆张拉力无损测试原理与技术研究

基于锚杆锚固体系多接触面特征,建造室内模型研究其锚固体系振动特性。通过在锚杆无应力段顶端安装加速度传感器测试时程信号,经快速傅里叶变换获得锚杆无应力段顶端振动频谱图,其频谱图的卓越频率具有良好的可识别性,据此获得其卓越频率与锚杆张拉力、锚杆无应力长度的变化规律,其卓越频率并非锚杆张拉段横向多阶振动频率。以此为基础建立了视锚固螺母为弹性基础的锚杆弹性振动模型、锚固螺母及锚杆相对螺母与球形垫圈接触面转动的刚体振动模型,分别获得其模型频率方程,基于其识别的卓越频率求解频率方程中的刚度参数,室内与现场试验表明其刚度参数—锚杆张拉力具有良好的线性相关性和单调递增关系。进一步室内模型试验表明其刚度参数—锚杆张拉力关系特征与蝶形托盘接触不同介质、不同锚杆张拉段长度不具有明显的相关性。为此提出了锚杆张拉力无损测试原理、方法与实现的技术路线,现场小规模试验表明本文提出的方法具有可靠性。

碳纤维增强复合材料黏结型锚固体系弯拉性能试验研究

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)黏结型锚固体系的弯拉性能,对设计的锚固体系试件进行了10组轴向拉伸试验与12组弯拉试验。在锚固体系优化基础上研究了CFRP筋直径、弯曲半径改变下试件的极限承载力、破坏模式、锚固效率及CFRP筋荷载‒应变关系。结果表明,锚固体系的弯拉承载力折减量系数随CFRP筋弯曲半径的增大而减小,CFRP筋直径越大试件承载力折减量系数越大,并且CFRP筋横向约束有利于弯拉极限承载力的提高。此外,CFRP筋荷载‒应变曲线的非线性变化是试件失效前的典型特征。弯曲半径和CFRP筋直径的比值与锚固效率系数为线性关系,比值在2.4‰以下时试件的弯拉锚固效率系数小于80%,试件呈不均匀断裂和剪切的破坏形式。

卸荷条件下花岗岩破裂面粗糙度特征及成因分析试验研究

【目的】为探究工程岩体在高应力下加卸载过程中的断裂形貌变化及成因,【方法】以粗糙度作为描述形貌几何特征的重要参数,定量表征形貌变化,以拉剪比作为描述断裂特征的重要参数,定量表征断裂模式变化,选取两类花岗岩,开展加卸载力学试验,通过数字图像技术对破裂面粗糙度及成因进行分析。【结果】结果显示:在高应力卸荷条件下,初始围压、卸围压速率及矿物粒径均对花岗岩破裂面粗糙程度起负相关影响;超景深显微观察发现,粗糙程度越低的花岗岩,其断口出现剪切断裂占比越高;在围压卸荷破坏过程中,30 MPa围压卸荷,岩石破裂面以沿晶拉伸断裂为主,40 MPa围压卸荷,以沿晶和穿晶拉剪复合型断裂为主,50 MPa围压卸荷,以穿晶剪切断裂为主;随着矿物粒径和卸围压速率的增大,破裂面均呈现剪切断裂占比增加的趋势。【结论】结果表明,高围压卸荷下岩石破裂时张拉断裂占比越高,其破裂面越粗糙,相反剪切占比高,其破裂面粗糙度越低。

预埋吊件的拉剪耦合力学性能试验研究

在预制构件吊装施工过程中,预埋吊件起到了举足轻重的作用。随着对预埋吊件需求量的迅速增大,需对正在生产使用的预埋吊件的安全性能问题进行深入的研究,为了深入研究预埋吊件的拉剪耦合力学性能,选取了三类三种共18个预埋吊件,并将其设计成三组共9个混凝土试件进行拉剪耦合试验。通过对试验现象的分析可知,9个混凝土试件均发生了混凝土破坏,通过对试验数据和荷载-位移曲线进行处理分析,可计算出每个预埋吊件的极限承载力,验证了该试验方案的可行性;将试验数据代入三个规范中关于拉剪耦合的计算公式进行验算,结果表明美国规范ACI 318规定的计算方式在计算拉剪耦合作用力时更为安全。

Modeling Methods and Test Verification of Root Insert Contact Interface for Wind Turbine Blade

Two modeling methods of the root insert for wind turbine blade are presented,i.e.,the local mesh optimization method(LMOM)and the global modeling method(GMM).Based on the optimized mesh of the local model for the metal contact interface,LMOM is proposed to analyze the load path and stress distribution characteristics,while GMM is used to calculate and analyze the stress distribution characteristics of the resin layer established between the bushing and composite layers of root insert.To validate the GMM,a tension test is carried out.The result successfully shows that the shear strain expresses a similar strain distribution tendency with the GMM′s results.

基于PLC的刮板输送机自动张紧监控系统的设计与测试

为延长刮板输送机链条使用寿命、优化刮板输送机伸缩机尾的控制系统,设计了一种基于PLC的自动张紧监控系统,可实现刮板输送机机尾链条自动张紧,且多次模拟测试系统均运行正常。

大悬臂分段盖梁反拉法施工工艺试验及评估

分段盖梁反拉法施工工艺比传统落地支架法具有安全、快速、经济、高效等特点,更加适用于交通繁忙路段桥梁的建造。为形成并完善预制盖梁反拉法装配工艺,掌握盖梁反拉法装配时下部结构性能演化全过程,通过典型盖梁节段的现场反拉法装配工艺预演,以及多类型标准盖梁的反拉法施工全过程监测,对预制盖梁反拉法装配进行技术评估,形成适用于大悬臂、小墩距盖梁的预制盖梁反拉法装配施工工艺,可为类似工程提供借鉴。

无粘结环锚预应力衬砌张拉工艺足尺模型试验研究

针对预应力衬砌张拉过程中易出现应力集中而导致张拉裂缝的现象,通过开展洞外地面足尺模型试验,提出了分级分步张拉顺序和质量控制指标。首先根据钢绞线摩阻测试计算出摩擦系数,随后应用上述张拉顺序和质量控制方法进行自动张拉,并采用磁通量传感器和混凝土应变计分别对钢绞线和内衬混凝土的应力变化开展实测。现场张拉试验结果表明:①钢绞线沿程预应力损失约16.3%,采用的双层钢绞线在实践中可保证较高的有效预应力;②对锚具槽进行分级分步张拉,可使内衬混凝土获得较均匀的封闭环向压应力环,平均压应力达-10.9 MPa;③提出的3项控制指标可进行量化管理,结合自动张拉技术可有效地保证张拉质量。

脱冰工况下特高压输电铁塔地线横担受力特征及破坏模式

受超设计覆冰及脱冰跳跃动力冲击影响,特高压耐张塔地线横担发生弯折破坏。该文采用ANSYS建立了地线-耐张塔-金具串有限元模型,通过脱冰跳跃工况下的几何非线性动力时程分析,确定了不同覆冰厚度时地线挂点处的纵向不平衡张力、垂直荷载及动力冲击系数。采用梁杆混合单元建立了地线横担精细化有限元模型,将脱冰跳跃荷载峰值施加在挂点位置,分析得到了地线横担杆件应力分布云图,确定了首先发生失稳破坏的杆件位置,端部下平面第二节间主材弯曲应力与轴压应力之比为37.9%,杆端弯矩影响不可忽略。完成了地线30mm覆冰、大号侧整档100%脱冰工况下的地线横担真型试验,揭示了典型杆件在加载过程中的应变发展规律,反演了地线横担的起始破坏位置及失效模式,与有限元仿真结果及现场破坏形态基本吻合。

钢混组合梁斜拉桥非对称张拉施工控制的拉索索力统计敏感性分析

针对非对称张拉施工斜拉桥存在的主梁和桥塔线形控制难题,以某大跨度钢混组合梁斜拉桥施工控制为例,开展了拉索索力统计敏感性分析研究。以斜拉索索力为设计参数,综合采用均匀试验和正交试验设计方法以及多元线性回归和极差分析显著性检验方法,对成桥和施工阶段主梁和桥塔截面的内力、位移进行统计敏感性分析。结果表明:提出的索力统计敏感性分析方法可准确获得成桥和施工阶段的敏感性索力参数;对于成桥阶段,S10、MS10、S9号斜拉索索力为结构线形的敏感性参数;非对称张拉施工时,S10、MS10、S9、MS9、S8、MS8、S5、MS5号斜拉索索力为影响主梁和塔顶截面位移的敏感性参数;若采用对称张拉施工,S10、MS10、S8、MS8、S9、MS9、S7、MS7号斜拉索索力则为影响主梁和塔顶截面位移的敏感性参数。

Fatigue damage evaluation by metal magnetic memory testing

Tension-compression fatigue test was performed on 0.45% C steel specimens.Normal and tangential components of magnetic memory testing signals,Hp(y) and Hp(x) signals,with their characteristics,K of Hp(y) and Hp(x)M of Hp(x),throughout the fatigue process were presented and analyzed.Abnormal peaks of Hp(y) and peak of Hp(x) reversed after loading; Hp(y) curves rotated clockwise and Hp(x) curves elevated significantly with the increase of fatigue cycle number at the first a few fatigue cycles,both Hp(y) and Hp(x) curves were stable after that,the amplitude of abnormal peaks of Hp(y) and peak value of Hp(x) increased more quickly after fatigue crack initiation.Abnormal peaks of Hp(y) and peak of Hp(x) at the notch reversed again after failure.The characteristics were found to exhibit consistent tendency in the whole fatigue life and behave differently in different stages of fatigue.In initial and crack developing stages,the characteristics increased significantly due to dislocations increase and crack propagation,respectively.In stable stage,the characteristics remained constant as a result of dislocation blocking,K value ranged from 20 to 30 A/(m·mm)-1,and Hp(x)M ranged from 270 to 300 A/m under the test parameters in this work.After failure,both abnormal peaks of Hp(y) and peak of Hp(x) reversed,K value was 133 A/(m·mm)-1 and Hp(x)M was-640 A/m.The results indicate that the characteristics of Hp(y) and Hp(x) signals were related to the accumulation of fatigue,so it is feasible and applicable to monitor fatigue damage of ferromagnetic components using metal magnetic memory testing(MMMT).

Edge crack growth of mortar plate specimens under uniaxial loading tests

In this paper, a compression-to-tension conversion technique is developed by applying predominant mode I loading test, using a servo-controlled compression system. The technique is applied to thin mortar plate specimens of different widths that include a prefabricated crack on either a single side to facilitate unilateral crack propagation, or prefabricated cracks positioned on both sides asymmetrically with respect to the specimen midpoint to facilitate bilateral crack propagation under direct tensile stress with a loading rate of 0.001 mm/s. The results show that the main pathways of unilateral crack propagation governing specimen failure are fluctuated locally, but present an approximately straight line overall in the absence of pre-existing internal defects. However, the pathways of bilateral crack propagation are relatively complex, although they present similar characteristics. Analysis results suggest that bilateral crack propagation can be basically divided into three stages, i.e. a stage of linear propagation, a stage representing deviation from the other crack, and a stage where one crack approaches either the other crack or approaches the opposite edge of the specimen, and thereby forming a continuous crack through the specimen. In addition, the stressestrain curves of bilateral crack specimens do not vary significantly around the point of peak stress prior to specimen failure, which means that the specimens do not fail instantaneously.

新型密柱支撑张弦铝合金结构设计与施工关键技术研究

世博温室项目屋盖为任意不规则曲线组成的无曲率平面,采用异形多边形网格加大透光率,基于这些特点,选型最终定为张弦铝合金网格结构。本项目挤压出新型“日”字型挤压铝合金构件以更好地承受屋盖面内弯矩,保证杆件与整体结构平面内有效传力。设计了新型刚接板式节点并通过足尺试验和精细化有限元分析研究了节点刚度与极限承载力,试验及有限元对比分析结果表明,该类节点有较高的抗剪、平面内和平面外承载力。阐述了弯扭构件数字化加工工艺及不规则铝合金特殊单元式的装配式预拼装技术,引入立面幕墙与主体结构一体化设计技术,其中立面幕墙面板设计首次通过整体协同分析考虑了主体结构变形的影响,计算结果表明设计构造满足要求。重点说明了双向正交布置拉索的施工张拉模拟计算方法,验证了索力分级张拉时结构处于安全状态,张拉完毕结构变形满足要求。

后张法预应力混凝土桥梁施工技术应用研究

为了提升桥梁工程施工技术水平,总结了预应力混凝土的基本理论,从检查工作、张拉方式、张拉顺序等方面阐述了后张法张拉预应力混凝土构件的准备工作。同时,以市政某空心板桥梁为研究对象,分析了后张法张拉预应力混凝土的具体施工工艺,并对张拉效果进行评价。结果表明,板梁的伸长率均小于6%,满足规范和设计文件要求。

金属管材力学性能多角度环向拉伸测试方法研究

环向拉伸实验是测试金属管材环向力学性能的重要试验方法。该文针对现有管材环向拉伸试验测试结果会受环向拉伸试样和夹具接触表面摩擦力影响的问题,基于环向拉伸试验原理提出一种多角度环向拉伸测试方法,并开展了多角度环向拉伸测试方法理论研究。以316L不锈钢为例,设计了多角度环向拉伸测试方案,结合轴向拉伸试验对比验证了测试方案的可行性。该测试方法克服了传统环向拉伸试验方法受摩擦力影响的局限性,有助于提升金属管材环向力学性能参数测试结果准确性。

光纤光栅传感器对预应力锚索的受力监测

预应力锚索的受力状态监测特别是锚索内应力分布的监测是目前工程领域一大难题。提出了将准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(fiber bragg grating,FBG)内嵌至锚索材料-钢绞线中心丝的技术,以实现对其受力状态及应力分布进行监测。基于此技术,结合FBG监测原理和锚索锚固理论,以锚索锚固长度、FBG布设位置及数量为主要变化参数,设计了FBG自感知钢绞线材料并将其浇筑于钢管内作为锚索模型试件;并对FBG自感知钢绞线材料进行张拉标定试验和钢管锚索拉拔试验。张拉标定试验表明,内嵌于钢绞线中心丝材料中的准分布式FBG传感器成活率为100%,应变灵敏度集中在0.0012,应变-波长的拟合度皆超过0.999。拉拔试验结果表明,内嵌式FBG传感器可有效监测全长黏结型锚索轴力分布规律;且传感器可实现对锚固段、自由段应力传递规律的定点监测;为锚索浇筑长度的设计、张拉应力的补充提供了计算依据。

硫化后充气压力和时间对航空轮胎性能的影响

选取27×7.7-15航空轮胎作为研究对象,研究硫化后充气压力和时间对航空轮胎性能的影响。分析胎体帘线张力与充气压力的关系以及帘线收缩率、收缩力与温度的关系,并通过热电偶测温法测量轮胎硫化后充气过程中温度随时间的变化情况,确定轮胎最小硫化后充气压力设为200 kPa,可以保证轮胎在胎体温度为160~170℃时出模胎体帘线不产生热收缩;硫化后充气时间设为1个硫化周期,可以保证轮胎冷却至环境温度。成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸及动态模拟试验验证了后充气压力和时间选取的合理性。