Indirect tension test of epoxy asphalt mixtureusing microstructural finite-element model

A finite-element model of the thermosetting epoxy asphalt mixture（EAM） microstructure is developed to simulate the indirect tension test（IDT）.Image techniques are used to capture the EAM microstructure which is divided into two phases：aggregates and mastic.A viscoelastic constitutive relationship,which is obtained from the results of a creep test,is used to represent the mastic phase at intermittent temperatures.Model simulation results of the stiffness modulus in IDT compare favorably with experimental data.Different loading directions and velocities are employed in order to account for their influence on the modulus and the localized stress of the microstructure model.It is pointed out that the modulus is not consistent when the loading direction changes since the heterogeneous distribution of the mixture internal structure,and the loading velocity affects the localized stress as a result of the viscoelasticity of the mastic.The study results can provide a theoretical basis for the finite-element method,which can be extended to the numerical simulations of asphalt mixture micromechanical behavior.

Extended application of the tension test in thermal simulator Thermecmastor-Z

With the redesigned jigs for the Thermecmastor-Z thermal simulator,the feasibility of using 3 kinds of Gleeble specimens in the Thermecmastor-Z simulator was investigated. Results show that Gleeble specimens can be used in the Thermecmastor-Z simulator. The tension tests in the Gleeble and Thermecmastor-Z simulators produced results with the same trend,which proves that the high temperature ductility of Gleeble specimens can be reflected by the Thermecmastor- Z simulator. In addition,as the Thermecmastor-Z simulator offers a wider heating zone,better cross-section shrinkage and elongation of specimens can be achieved under the same test conditions.

Evaluation of Contact Pressure in Bending under Tension Test by a Pressure Sensitive Film

The contact pressure acting on the sheet/tools interface has been studied because of growing the concern about the wear of tools. Recent studies make use of numerical simulation software to evaluate and correlate this pressure with the friction and wear generated. Since there are many studies that determine the coefficient of friction in sheet metal forming by bending under tension (BUT) test, the contact pressure between the pin and the sheet was measured using a film that has the ability to record the applied pressure. The vertical force applied to pin was also measured. The results indicate that the vertical force is more accurate to set the contact pressure that using equations predetermined. It was also observed that the contact area between the sheet and the pin is always smaller than the area calculated geometrically. The friction coefficient was determined for the BUT test through several equations proposed by various authors in order to check if there is much variation between the results. It was observed that the friction coefficient showed little variation for each equation, and each one can be used. The material used was the commercially pure aluminum, alloy Al1100.

Prestressed tensioning method and its application to testing anchor stress of anchor cables for side-slope stabilization

The anchor stress extent of a prestress anchor cable project has a direct relation with the project safety and performance. Prestressed tensioning method is a kind of nondestructive testing method, by which a reverse stretching load is applied on the external exposure section of anchor cable under construction or in service, and then the elongation variation of stress bars is measured to determine the anchor stress. We elaborated the theory and testing mechanism of prestressed tensioning method, and systematically studied key issues during the prestressed tensioning process of anchor cable by using physical model test, including the composition of tension stress-elongation curve, the variation of anchor stress, the compensation of locked anchor stress, and the judgment of anchor stress, and verified the theory feasibility of prestressed tensioning method. A case study on slope anchor cable of one highway project was conducted to further discuss on the test method, operation procedures and judgment of prestressed tensioning method on obtaining anchor stress, and then the test data of three situations were analyzed. The result provides a theoretical basis and technical base for the application of prestressed tensioning method to the evaluation of construction quality and operation conditions of anchor cable project.

RESEARCH ON COMPUTER TESTING OF THE DYNAMIC DISSOCIATING TENSION OF COOKED COCOON FILAMENT

This paper discussed the setting up of a comeuter automatic system for testing the dy-namic dissociating tension of cooked cocoon filament by means of microcomputer tech-niques.The dynamic dissociating tension of two kinds of row cocoons with differentreelability was tested and analysed under different cocoon cooking conditions.More relia-ble data have been obtained by quantitative tests.The conclusions reached by analysingthese data are of practical significance to perfecting the cocoon cooking theory,assessingcocoon quality,improving the cocoon cooking process,etc.

锚杆张拉力无损测试原理与技术研究

基于锚杆锚固体系多接触面特征,建造室内模型研究其锚固体系振动特性。通过在锚杆无应力段顶端安装加速度传感器测试时程信号,经快速傅里叶变换获得锚杆无应力段顶端振动频谱图,其频谱图的卓越频率具有良好的可识别性,据此获得其卓越频率与锚杆张拉力、锚杆无应力长度的变化规律,其卓越频率并非锚杆张拉段横向多阶振动频率。以此为基础建立了视锚固螺母为弹性基础的锚杆弹性振动模型、锚固螺母及锚杆相对螺母与球形垫圈接触面转动的刚体振动模型,分别获得其模型频率方程,基于其识别的卓越频率求解频率方程中的刚度参数,室内与现场试验表明其刚度参数—锚杆张拉力具有良好的线性相关性和单调递增关系。进一步室内模型试验表明其刚度参数—锚杆张拉力关系特征与蝶形托盘接触不同介质、不同锚杆张拉段长度不具有明显的相关性。为此提出了锚杆张拉力无损测试原理、方法与实现的技术路线,现场小规模试验表明本文提出的方法具有可靠性。

张力作用下柔性带钢模态灵敏度理论分析及试验研究

卷到卷工艺的产品正向薄和宽的方向发展,其柔性特征导致的振动特性变化需深入研究。针对弹性支撑的运动带钢,建立了面外振动的动力学模型,分析了模态频率灵敏度影响因子;搭建了试验平台,针对柔性带模态试验提出了力锤的选择方法。开展了张力作用下的不同宽厚比带钢模态试验,并建立了数值仿真模型。有限元与试验结果对比说明了有限元模型有效性。定量分析了不同张力下宽度、厚度对带钢模态灵敏度的影响,及张力对不同带钢模态灵敏度的影响。结果表明不同宽度、厚度变化m=2阶模态灵敏度影响较大且随宽度、厚度增大而增大,其余四阶模态灵敏度接近于0;不同张力下n=3阶的模态灵敏度是n=2阶的两倍均随张力的增大而增大,更薄更宽带钢的(2,2)和(2,3)阶模态频率对张力变化的灵敏度更高。

基于光纤传感的带式输送机张力检测技术

针对目前带式输送机张力检测存在易损坏及准确性和可靠性差的问题,提出了一种基于光纤传感的带式输送机的张力检测方法。将法珀腔传感头置于带式输送机张紧装置的液压回路中,液压回路的压力使法珀腔传感头的硅膜片产生形变,引起法珀腔传感头反射光变化;光电解调器光路接收法珀腔传感头的反射光后,经光路解调后得到反射光谱,通过光电解调器电路的光电转换、处理、分析后,得到反射光光谱的自由光谱范围,再根据油缸内部面积计算出带式输送机张力,实现了带式输送机张力检测。根据双干涉效应原理设计了法珀腔传感头,采用Jetson Nano嵌入式系统开发板设计了光电解调器硬件,采用Python语言设计了光电解调器软件,并进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:该方法能够实现带式输送机张力检测,压力测量范围为0~25 MPa,灵敏度为0.148 nm/MPa,测量精度为0.1%,不易损坏,抗干扰性好,准确性和可靠性高。

新型CFRP网格-重组竹复合板力学试验研究

为提高重组竹的力学性能并减轻其各向异性缺陷,设计了一种新型CFRP网格-重组竹复合板(CBCP).分别对8组CBCP拉伸试样和18组CBCP拉拔试样进行单轴拉伸试验和拉拔试验,以分析其力学行为并评估复合方法的影响.选择3个相似的构成模型对拉拔试样的黏结应力-滑移曲线进行拟合,根据试验结果确定CFRP网格和重组竹的临界锚固长度及计算方法,并分析讨论了CFRP层数、横向CFRP束特性和锚固长度对CFRP网格与重组竹黏结性能的影响.结果表明,复合CFRP网格可使重组竹的顺纹和横纹抗拉强度分别提高35.77%和135.20%,从而改善了重组竹的各向异性缺陷.增加网格层数和间距可提高CBCP的拉伸性能.随着锚固长度的增加,平均界面黏结强度呈幂函数递减,而峰值载荷滑移则线性递减.

碳纤维增强复合材料黏结型锚固体系弯拉性能试验研究

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)黏结型锚固体系的弯拉性能,对设计的锚固体系试件进行了10组轴向拉伸试验与12组弯拉试验。在锚固体系优化基础上研究了CFRP筋直径、弯曲半径改变下试件的极限承载力、破坏模式、锚固效率及CFRP筋荷载‒应变关系。结果表明,锚固体系的弯拉承载力折减量系数随CFRP筋弯曲半径的增大而减小,CFRP筋直径越大试件承载力折减量系数越大,并且CFRP筋横向约束有利于弯拉极限承载力的提高。此外,CFRP筋荷载‒应变曲线的非线性变化是试件失效前的典型特征。弯曲半径和CFRP筋直径的比值与锚固效率系数为线性关系,比值在2.4‰以下时试件的弯拉锚固效率系数小于80%,试件呈不均匀断裂和剪切的破坏形式。

卸荷条件下花岗岩破裂面粗糙度特征及成因分析试验研究

【目的】为探究工程岩体在高应力下加卸载过程中的断裂形貌变化及成因,【方法】以粗糙度作为描述形貌几何特征的重要参数,定量表征形貌变化,以拉剪比作为描述断裂特征的重要参数,定量表征断裂模式变化,选取两类花岗岩,开展加卸载力学试验,通过数字图像技术对破裂面粗糙度及成因进行分析。【结果】结果显示:在高应力卸荷条件下,初始围压、卸围压速率及矿物粒径均对花岗岩破裂面粗糙程度起负相关影响;超景深显微观察发现,粗糙程度越低的花岗岩,其断口出现剪切断裂占比越高;在围压卸荷破坏过程中,30 MPa围压卸荷,岩石破裂面以沿晶拉伸断裂为主,40 MPa围压卸荷,以沿晶和穿晶拉剪复合型断裂为主,50 MPa围压卸荷,以穿晶剪切断裂为主;随着矿物粒径和卸围压速率的增大,破裂面均呈现剪切断裂占比增加的趋势。【结论】结果表明,高围压卸荷下岩石破裂时张拉断裂占比越高,其破裂面越粗糙,相反剪切占比高,其破裂面粗糙度越低。

Identification of damage mode in AZ31 magnesium alloy under tension using acoustic emission

In order to characterize different damage modes, real-time detection of the tensile cracking process for AZ31 magnesium alloy was performed using acoustic emission （AE） technique. Results showed that elastic deformation, plastic deformation, microcracking, stable and unstable propagation occurred during crack damage. Four damage modes were determined using AE multiparameter analysis. Dislocation motion signals with amplitudes 〈70 dB and twinning signals with 70-100 dB were found. Microcrack signal energy was concentrated from 2400 aJ to 4100 aJ, mainly at a rise time of less than 800 gs. A stable crack propagation signal had high peak to counts in the 20 to 50 range, whereas its ring count was in the 20 to 2000 range. The average frequency of unstable propagation signals was approximately 100 kHz, with duration from 2000 gs to 10s gs. The damage mechanisms and AE resources from different crack propagation steps were discussed. Various damage modes could be characterized by different AE signal parameters when they appeared simultaneously during crack propagation.

振动频率法测试具有橡胶阻尼器的斜拉索索力的修正方法

振动频率法是用于测试斜拉桥拉索索力的常用方法,斜拉桥为减弱振动引起的拉索疲劳损伤。通常在斜拉索两端安装阻尼器,这会改变索的结构和振动频率,从而导致在用振动频率法测试拉索索力值时会产生较大误差,难以满足桥梁施工和维护对精确度的要求。因此,减小索力测量的误差对实际工程具有重要意义。该研究将橡胶阻尼器简化为弹性支撑,基于变截面拉压杆模型推导了弹性支撑的等效刚度系数;基于具有两个弹性支撑的拉索横向自由振动微分方程,结合边界条件求解索力,给出了考虑橡胶阻尼器影响的振动频率测索力的修正方法;结合虚拟算例对该研究结果的精确度进行分析,并在工程中应用。

预埋吊件的拉剪耦合力学性能试验研究

在预制构件吊装施工过程中,预埋吊件起到了举足轻重的作用。随着对预埋吊件需求量的迅速增大,需对正在生产使用的预埋吊件的安全性能问题进行深入的研究,为了深入研究预埋吊件的拉剪耦合力学性能,选取了三类三种共18个预埋吊件,并将其设计成三组共9个混凝土试件进行拉剪耦合试验。通过对试验现象的分析可知,9个混凝土试件均发生了混凝土破坏,通过对试验数据和荷载-位移曲线进行处理分析,可计算出每个预埋吊件的极限承载力,验证了该试验方案的可行性;将试验数据代入三个规范中关于拉剪耦合的计算公式进行验算,结果表明美国规范ACI 318规定的计算方式在计算拉剪耦合作用力时更为安全。

Influence of chloride corrosion on tension capacity of rebars

The reinforcement corrosion is the pitting corrosion of chloride corrosion.Hence,in this study,the variations of reinforcement tensile strength due to stress concentration of pitting corrosion are analyzed.The stress concentration consequence of corrosion on the reinforcement tensile capacity is studied utilizing tension tests and creating different ABAQUS software models.According to the modelling in various corrosion depths,strength reduction is less than 5%in corrosion with pit radius to reinforcement diameter ratio up to 0.3 and for corrosions higher than 0.4,the measure of capacity reduction is increased more to 30%.

Modeling Methods and Test Verification of Root Insert Contact Interface for Wind Turbine Blade

Two modeling methods of the root insert for wind turbine blade are presented,i.e.,the local mesh optimization method(LMOM)and the global modeling method(GMM).Based on the optimized mesh of the local model for the metal contact interface,LMOM is proposed to analyze the load path and stress distribution characteristics,while GMM is used to calculate and analyze the stress distribution characteristics of the resin layer established between the bushing and composite layers of root insert.To validate the GMM,a tension test is carried out.The result successfully shows that the shear strain expresses a similar strain distribution tendency with the GMM′s results.

无粘结环锚预应力衬砌张拉工艺足尺模型试验研究

针对预应力衬砌张拉过程中易出现应力集中而导致张拉裂缝的现象,通过开展洞外地面足尺模型试验,提出了分级分步张拉顺序和质量控制指标。首先根据钢绞线摩阻测试计算出摩擦系数,随后应用上述张拉顺序和质量控制方法进行自动张拉,并采用磁通量传感器和混凝土应变计分别对钢绞线和内衬混凝土的应力变化开展实测。现场张拉试验结果表明:①钢绞线沿程预应力损失约16.3%,采用的双层钢绞线在实践中可保证较高的有效预应力;②对锚具槽进行分级分步张拉,可使内衬混凝土获得较均匀的封闭环向压应力环,平均压应力达-10.9 MPa;③提出的3项控制指标可进行量化管理,结合自动张拉技术可有效地保证张拉质量。

钢丝绳破断拉力测定方法新旧国家标准及国际标准的对比

从术语定义、试样制备、结果判定、安全等方面对钢丝绳实测破断拉力试验方法的新旧国家标准以及国际标准的主要技术性差异进行分析。与旧版标准相比,新版标准增加和删除了部分术语和定义;细化了部分试样的制备方法;调整了判断试验结果是否有效的规则。与国际标准相比,国际标准的安全性要求更全面,其对人员、设备以及整个试验过程都要求有足够的安全措施,确保试验的安全顺利完成。新版国家标准提出的灌浆料浇注法具有耗费时间长、工艺复杂、适用范围小、对试验人员要求高的特点。新旧国家标准及国际标准的对比分析有助于质检部门、相关企业对新标准进行更好地理解和应用,提高检测结果的有效性。

玻璃钢纤维锚杆拉剪性能试验研究

为研究玻璃钢纤维锚杆的抗拉及抗剪性能,开展了玻璃钢纤维锚杆的拉剪试验研究,并基于试验结果分析尺寸效应对玻璃钢纤维锚杆杆体拉剪性能的影响。试验选取了不同直径的玻璃钢纤维锚杆作为研究对象,通过液压式万能试验机和压式剪切器对锚杆杆体进行加载,并全程记录了施加的荷载以及杆体变形量。结果表明:玻璃钢纤维锚杆的抗拉性能高于常用的螺纹钢锚杆,虽然抗拉强度会随着杆体直径的增大而提高,但具有拉伸滞后效应;玻璃钢纤维锚杆的抗剪强度为抗拉强度的1/4,随杆体直径的增大该抗剪强度亦会逐步提升。

基于PLC的刮板输送机自动张紧监控系统的设计与测试

为延长刮板输送机链条使用寿命、优化刮板输送机伸缩机尾的控制系统,设计了一种基于PLC的自动张紧监控系统,可实现刮板输送机机尾链条自动张紧,且多次模拟测试系统均运行正常。