发表还是出局?——“Tenure-track”机制下青年教师发表国际学术期刊论文的压力

为了增加研究成果产出,我国高校逐渐加强了对教师发表国际学术期刊论文的要求。为探讨这种压力对青年教师的影响,本研究组对我国西部地区某研究型大学青年教师进行了半结构化访谈研究。研究发现,在"tenure-track"机制下,青年教师面临巨大的发表国际学术期刊论文的压力;被访者指出,加速发表国际学术期刊论文,有损高质量与创新性学术论文的产出;发表国际学术期刊论文的压力还导致青年教师普遍产生"重科研、轻教学"的态度;同时,过度的压力也可能对青年教师的健康及家庭关系产生消极影响。

On the Restricting Factors & System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.

Forest Tenure Transfer and Assessment of Dayi County

According to analysis of basic situations and achievements of forest tenure transfer in Dayi County,this paper points out problems in the assessment of forest tenure transfer in Dayi County,including few specialized organizations and personnel of forest tenure transfer value assessment,outmoded forest tenure assessment operating specifications,low charges of forest tenure assessment,and weak awareness of forest tenure assessment. In line with these problems,it presents ideas of increasing specialized forest tenure assessment organization,strengthening training of specialized forest tenure assessment personnel,promoting guiding price of forest tenure transfer,and energetically developing forest tenure transfer market. It is hoped to promote development of forest tenure transfer in Dayi County.

Innovation in Bio-disaster Prevention and Control Mechanism after Forest Tenure Reform at County Level

Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.

System Change of Collective Forest Tenure Oriented to Deepening the Reform

We firstly introduce development background of new collective forest tenure reform.The situations indicate that the collective forest tenure reform has already stepped into comprehensive and in-depth stage.However,due to neglect of local demands and actual conditions,there appear problems of low operating efficiency of supporting measures and relevant policies and little effect of in-depth reform.Therefore,it is required to strictly distinguish the relation between system change of collective forest tenure and the in-depth reform.For the purpose of in-depth reform,in accordance with local situations of forest farmers and forestry organizations,requirements for system,as well as local reform conditions,we strictly divide system change of collective forest tenure into three types:induced institutional change,hidden induced institutional change and imposed institutional change.Then,we divide the imposed institutional change into weak institutional change and pure strong institutional change.

Ecological Hidden Troubles and Countermeasures under Reform of Collective Forest Tenure

Three stages of reform of collective forest tenure after reform and opening up are reviewed.The reform of forest tenure brings sharp increase of economic benefit.However,due to forest farmers' subjective pursuit for economic benefit and objective lack of necessary economic,financial and technical support,ecological hidden troubles are created.Based on these,we put forward countermeasures,including strengthening forest farmers' awareness of ecological protection and solving ecological problems in accordance with actual conditions of the region.

Forest Tenure and Sustainable Forest Management

We reviewed the principles and key literature related to forest tenure and sustainable forest management, and then examined the status of sustainable forestry and land ownership at the aggregate national level for major forested countries. The institutional design principles suggested by Ostrom are well accepted for applications to public, communal, and private lands. The analyses of countries as a whole suggest that problems of forest land loss and sustainable forest management are related to the amount of public lands owned, as well as the difference between developed and developing countries. Developed countries have largely achieved a stable level of land use and resource extraction after centuries of exploitation of forests and natural resources. Many developed countries do have greater amounts of private forest land than developing countries, which have occurred as the countries transfer lands to private owners in the course of development. Public lands and management approaches require diligence, but can be developed to meet the design criteria suggested by tenure rights theorists. Private or communal ownership is often considered superior, but also must meet the criteria suggested above in order to foster sustainable forest management in poor countries.

Land tenure security,place satisfaction and loyalty in the peri-urban area of Ibadan City,Nigeria

Land tenure security is pertinent to achieving the sustainable development agenda in cities where land is needed and useful for development purposes.Sufficient empirical research has been done to prove the importance of tenure security for investment,resilience,conservation,food security,as well as health and well-being,but it has not been clarified if and how land tenure security could adequately influence place loyalty and satisfaction with the residential environment,as it is clear that place loyalty and satisfaction are pertinent to inclusive development.Using the case of Ibadan City,the study examined how different dimensions of tenure security could determine residents’place loyalty and satisfaction.The study employed a survey cross-sectional research design to distribute 514 structured questionnaires to household heads across 4 sampled peri-urban local government areas while 452 were retrieved for analysis.Hierarchical regression analysis model was employed to understand the association between tenure security dimensions and satisfaction(as model I)and loyalty(as model II).For model I,F=8.640,P=0.000,R=0.555,and R^(2)=0.308 were obtained;while for model II,F=9.157,P=0.001,R=0.415,and R^(2)=0.173 were acquired.This thus means that residents’place loyalty and satisfaction can partly be explained by tenure security.In particular,respondents with no eviction experience,recognized property rights,and invulnerable to eviction have higher odds of being satisfied and loyal.Therefore,we recommend protection,improvement,and upgrading of land tenure security as one of the means to promote place loyalty and satisfaction,which is essential to achieving inclusive and sustainable development.

集体林权制度下的安吉竹林经营认证模式探索与实践

分析了安吉县林业生产与社会经济条件、竹林认证历程和认证模式,阐述了集体林权制度下安吉县毛竹股份合作社的组织形式、经营管理与“协会+合作社”模式开展竹林经营认证的运行机制,总结了“协会+合作社”模式开展竹林经营认证对提高竹林经济效益、促进竹林生态效益、加快农村城镇建设进程中的作用。提出在当前我国南方集体林权制度下引入新型竹林经营主体、推进竹林专业化经营、健全竹林经营管理体系,对开展竹林经营认证有积极作用。安吉县以“协会+合作社”开展竹林经营认证,对促进我国南方集体林权制度下的林业可持续发展具有示范作用。

隐性契约——董事长和总经理老乡关系如何影响公司创新?

老乡关系普遍存在于中国上市公司高管团队内部,通过影响人际交往中的互动原则,以一种非正式契约形式作用于公司战略决策,但对其影响机制研究仅停留在基于信任和规范角度的理论探索和推理层面。基于社会交换理论和关系交换理论,以董事长—总经理老乡关系为切入点,探讨董事长与总经理老乡关系对公司创新的影响。研究发现:董事长—总经理老乡关系正向影响公司创新;任期重叠作为一种内部资本,在董事长—总经理老乡关系对公司创新的影响中起中介作用;环境不确定性负向调节董事长—总经理老乡关系对公司创新的影响。研究剖析了中国独特的“同乡抱团”文化现象背后的公司治理效应,提出的董事长和总经理老乡关系影响公司创新的理论模型,是对非正式关系影响机理研究与创新前因研究的有益补充,也为公司利益相关者各方洞悉我国独特的“关系型社会”制度背景对公司治理的规制作用提供新的实证依据。

从经营方式演化看中国农业现代化的前沿问题

在对家庭联产承包责任制改革确立农户主体地位及土地流转和规模化过程进行梳理的基础上,研究了正在蓬勃发展的几种有代表性的农业组织形式的特点和现代农业演化趋势,针对租佃高成本、超大规模垄断性经营和政府补贴等方面的问题,提出了相应的政策建议。

新工科下大数据人才岗位需求与任职能力分析——以新兴产业为例

新兴产业的快速发展推动了新工科建设,显著增加了对大数据类专业人才的需求,因此亟需对市场需求现状及其发展趋势进行深入研究。文章基于新兴产业中大数据类专业岗位的招聘信息,采用文本分词和统计方法识别出各专业的热门职位,并利用LDA主题模型获取岗位详情的关键信息,从而揭示人才岗位的具体需求。进一步,应用TF-IDF方法提取岗位的技能关键词,发现岗位更重视数据分析、SQL查询和Python编程等技能。在此基础上,利用社会网络分析法对岗位、新兴产业和技能的共现关系进行分析。结果表明,数据分析、BI工具应用和Java编程等技能与不同岗位均有较高的共现频率,而新兴产业对多样化技能组合具有更高需求。最后,文章对大数据类专业人才培养提出有针对性的优化建议,如加强产教融合、深化校企合作、强化大数据技能等,为新兴产业的持续发展和技术创新提供智力支持。

领导干部自然资源资产离任审计、环境规制与经济高质量发展

经过在生态环境治理等领域试点,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计已进入常态化阶段。本文以2014-2021年我国284个城市为样本,将资源型城市作为实验组,非资源型城市作为对照组,采用双重机器学习模型考察自2018年领导干部自然资源资产离任审计全面开展对资源型城市经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计不但能促进资源型城市经济高质量发展,而且还能提高经济高质量发展各个子系统的协调性。机制检验发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计通过增强政府环境规制强度来促进城市经济高质量发展。异质性分析发现,对处于衰退期以及所处地区审计强度较大的资源型城市而言,这种促进作用更强。

医院预聘-长聘制青年专职科研人员工作满意度分析与思考

目的 在预聘-长聘制政策实行初期,了解医院青年专职科研人员工作满意度情况,引导和促进青年科研人员创新。方法 采用自行设计的问卷,对某医院专职科研人员进行调查并分析其科研工作满意度。结果 66名专职科研人员的科研工作满意度总体得分平均为4.14±0.51分,非本校毕业专职科研人员在科研工作管理体制维度的满意度高于本校毕业人员;近三年科研成果产出有增加者,其科研工作总体满意度和六个维度的平均满意度均高于科研成果产出无明显增加者。上述差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论 医院专职科研人员队伍建设初具规模,但呈现一定的发展问题,预聘-长聘制政策执行初期,青年专职科研人员科研工作满意度处于良好状态,医院需要深入扶植青年人才,推动政策有效过渡。

预聘——长聘制背景下高校附属医院专职科研人员工作压力情况分析及其对策

目的了解医院专职科研人员工作压力情况,促进医院人才队伍建设。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对北京大学肿瘤医院在站博士后和45岁以下专职科研人员进行调查。问卷内容包括人员类型、性别、年龄、毕业院校、来院时间、职称6项基本信息,以及工作负荷、工作难度、岗位认同、角色模糊4个维度,18个条目。2023年7月,通过问卷星小程序发放问卷66份。采用Excel录入问卷数据,并进行逻辑检错,收到有效问卷66份。依据调查对象年龄将其分为≤30岁、31~35岁、36~40岁、>40岁4组,依据调查对象来院时间分为≤5年、>5年2组。使用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,调查对象基本信息采用描述性分析,通过人数、构成比(%)表示,科研工作压力及各维度得分以xˉ±s表示,不同性别、年龄、人员类型、毕业院校、来院时间及职称人员的科研工作压力感知影响采用单因素方差分析。结果66名专职科研人员的总体科研工作压力得分平均(3.37±0.53)分,各维度得分均值由高至低依次为工作负荷、工作难度、岗位认同及角色模糊。年龄在31~35岁的科研人员,其面临的科研工作总压力和4个维度的压力均高于其他年龄段人员;来院工作时间≤5年的科研人员,其在工作负荷维度上感受到的压力高于来院工作>5年者;上述差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论专职科研人员能够在工作负荷、工作难度及岗位认同维度感受到一定的压力,年龄在31~35岁的科研人员感受到的压力更大。

为教师赋权:德国大学终身教职聘用体系研究

终身教职制度作为德国选拔和激励教师、保障教师发展的有效手段,为我国预聘长聘制度建设提供了重要参考。研究基于德国37份终身教职制度文本,采用内容分析法,从聘任、晋升、权益保障等多个环节对德国大学终身教职制度建设的特色之处展开分析,总结出了以“为教师赋权”为核心的制度建设经验——把住聘任入口,促进教师权义平衡;建立选育结合的育优制度,发展职业晋升和支持机制;弥合学术发展和家庭生活的张力,推动机会公平和性别平等。以德国制度为镜鉴,我国预聘长聘制建设要规范准入制度,赋予教师议价权;发展育优机制,体察教师发展权;通过制度纠偏完善任期支持,重视教师学术社会化的阶段性困难。

省市税收分享影响全国统一大市场建设了吗?——基于256个地级市的数据分析

打破市场分割,健全市场竞争机制,对形成双循环新发展格局,助推经济高质量发展具有重要意义。文章基于地级市面板数据,利用价格法构建了市场分割指数,实证分析了税收分享对城市间市场分割的影响。结果表明:省市间更高的税收分享比例改善了地方政府财力,保障了对交通基础设施的资金投入,减弱了政府间的税收竞争,有助于打破市场分割。在使用移动份额法构造的Bartik工具变量来解决内生性问题后,所得结论依然成立。异质性分析表明:东中西部地区政府财力以及基础设施建设等方面存在差异,其差别将影响商品的价格和流通,使得东中西部地区的地方市场保护政策存在差异。税收分享对东部地区市场分割的影响更大。进一步分析发现,官员任期与税收分享对市场分割的影响具有一定的替代效果,官员任期的增加弱化了税收分享对市场分割的影响。本文为促进城市间市场一体化发展提供经验证据,适时调整税收分享比例能够加快市场一体化进程,同时政策调整需因地制宜,不能一刀切。