Maintaining Resilience of Agricultural Supply Chain: International Cooperation is a Must

“Inf luenced by the slow recover y of the globa l economy,the continual impact of El Niño,growing local conflicts,the prevalence of trade protectionism and other factors,this year,the global supply and demand for agricultural products and trade is under pressure,and the world’s food security has been a serious challenge.Therefore,it is of great and far-reaching significance for all countries in the world to further develop international cooperation in agriculture from a strategic height,in order to maintain the resilience of the international supply chain of agriculture,and to promote mutual benefits and the common development of all parties.”Yu Jianlong,Vice President of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)and Vice President of the China Chamber of International Commerce(CCIC),said at the 2024 China Agricultural Conference for International Economic and Trade Cooperation.

Modern Development and Maintaining Self-Developing Identity

Two recent trips to cities in China got me thinking a lot about China’s development and efforts to maintain its identity.While China is developing with strong momentum in every sector,it has succeeded at preserving and upholding its ancient traditions and customs.These trips showed me a country not only keen on technological and infrastructural advancement but also deeply committed to cultural preservation and promotion.In every corner of these cities,I witnessed a harmonious blend of the old and new,a testament to China’s dedication to maintaining its cultural heritage while embracing modernity.

Apolipoprotein E elicits targetdirected miRNA degradation to maintain neuronal integrity

Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous system.There are three predominant human ApoE protein isoforms with cysteine and arginine substitutions at amino acid positions 112 and 158 that impact their lipidation and related functions(Flowers and Rebeck,2020).ApoE2 is characterized by Cys112 and Cys158,ApoE3 by Cys112 and Arg158,whereas ApoE4 contains Arg112 and Arg158.

Maintaining proton homeostasis is an essential role of the Warburg effect in proliferating cells

Non-proliferating cells efficiently generate adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.By contrast, proliferating cells, including cancer cells, tend to rely on aerobic glycolysis, an inefficient way to generate energy, and this phenomenon is termed 'the Warburg effect'1,2.However, the advantage of the Warburg effect provided for proliferating cells has been unclear3.Here we propose that aerobic glycolysis may maintain proton homeostasis to benefit proliferating cells.

Heat shock protein 70 protects PC12 cells against ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation by maintaining intracellular Ca^(2+) homeostasis

Heat shock protein 70（HSP70） maintains Ca^2＋ homeostasis in PC12 cells,which may protect against apoptosis;however,the mechanisms of neuroprotection are unclear.Therefore,in this study,we examined Ca^2＋ levels in PC12 cells transfected with an exogenous lentiviral HSP70 gene expression construct,and we subsequently subjected the cells to ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.HSP70 overexpression increased neuronal viability and ATPase activity,and it decreased cellular reactive oxygen species levels and intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration after hypoxia/reoxygenation.HSP70 overexpression enhanced the protein and m RNA expression levels of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^2＋-ATPase（SERCA）,but it decreased the protein and m RNA levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor（IP3R）,thereby leading to decreased intracellular Ca^2＋concentration after ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation.These results suggest that exogenous HSP70 protects against ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury,at least in part,by maintaining cellular Ca^2＋ homeostasis,by upregulating SERCA expression and by downregulating IP_3 R expression.

Low-repetition-rate, all-polarization-maintaining Yb-doped fiber laser mode-locked by a semiconductor saturable absorber

A low-repetition-rate, all-polarization-maintaining（PM）-fiber sub-nanosecond oscillator is presented, which is simple and low-cost, composed of standard components. The ring cavity is elongated by 114-m-long standard PM fiber, and passively mode-locked by a fiber pigtailed semiconductor saturable absorber. Linearly polarized pulses with 1.66 MHz repetition rate and 22 dB polarization extinction ratio are generated at a wavelength of 1030 nm, which is determined by an intracavity filter. In addition, to demonstrate that the oscillator is a good seed for high energy pulse generation, an all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier is built and amplified pulses with energy about 2 μJ are obtained.

Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 in Maintaining Nutrient Homeostasis and Disease

Fibroblast growth factor 19 （FGF19） is a kind of gut-derived postprandial hormone. As an atypical member of the FGF family, FGF19 functions as an endocrine hormone except regulating cell growth and differentiation. FGF19 plays a key role in coordination of liver bile acid biosynthesis and gallbladder motility, and acts as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis, including strengthening insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentration and reducing body weight.

Neuroprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons through maintaining calbindin D28k immunoreactivity following subsequent transient cerebral ischemia

Ischemic preconditioning elicited by a non-fatal brief occlusion of blood flow has been applied for an experimental therapeutic strategy against a subsequent fatal ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning（2-minute transient cerebral ischemia） on calbindin D28k immunoreactivity in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area following a subsequent fatal transient ischemic insult（5-minute transient cerebral ischemia）. A large number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area died 4 days after 5-minute transient cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning reduced the death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. Calbindin D28k immunoreactivity was greatly attenuated at 2 days after 5-minute transient cerebral ischemia and it was hardly detected at 5 days post-ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning maintained calbindin D28 k immunoreactivity after transient cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that ischemic preconditioning can attenuate transient cerebral ischemia-caused damage to the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area through maintaining calbindin D28k immunoreactivity.

PROBABILITY OF RANDOM EVENTS OF INSPECTION AND REPAIR AND MAINTAINING RELIABILITY OF STRUCTURES

Reliability analysis of the inspected and repaired structure requires dealing with a large number of complex random events. Considering many kinds of random factors, a probability of these random events existing possibly in the inspection and repair process and reliability analysis methodologies are proposed. A systematic dynamic reliability model is given for structures in service under the scheduled inspection and repair.

Temperature dependence of birefringence in olarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibres

In this paper,the temperature dependence of birefringence in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibres（PMPCFs） is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Utilizing the structural parameters of the PM-PCF samples in the experiment,two effects leading to the birefringence variation under different temperatures are analysed,which are the thermal expansion of silica material and the refractive index variation due to the temperature variation.The actual birefringence variation of the PM-PCF is the combination of the two effects,which is in the order of 10-9 K-1 for both fibre samples.Calculation results also show that the influence of refractive index variation is the dominant contribution,which determines the tendency of the fibre birefringence variation with varying temperature.Then,the birefringence beat lengths of the two fibre samples are measured under the temperature,which varies from -40℃ to 80℃.A traditional PANDA-type polarization maintaining fibre（PMF） is also measured in the same way for comparison.The experimental results indicate that the birefringence variation of the PM-PCF due to temperature variation is far smaller than that of the traditional PMF,which agrees with the theoretical analysis.The ultra-low temperature dependence of the birefringence in the PM-PCF has great potential applications in temperature-insensitive fibre interferometers,fibre sensors,and fibre gyroscopes.

The Research on Maintaining and Increasing the Value of Social Security funds Based on the theory of Sustainable Development

The Social security system is a necessary part of market economic system, the social security fund is the basis of running a country social security system. However, the fund of social security of our country has many problems, such as investment channel phase contrast is still relatively narrow, the portfolio is not reasonable enough, external capital market is not perfect and so on.so the social security fund in our country is difficult to achieve effective and value. This article will start from the concept of sustainable development, and hope to find out the existing problems in the process of maintaining and increasing the value of social security funds through combing the basic elements of social security funds.

Microstructure and properties of novel polarization maintaining fiber

An improved type of elliptical jacket polarization maintaining fiber was developed by using a modified chemical vapor deposition method with special treatment. Different from conventional elliptical jacket, the shape of the stress jacket was transmuted. The cross-section of fiber consists of 5 layers: substrate, outer cladding, stress jacket, inner cladding and core. The cross sectional component distribution was investigated by electron probe microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum. The finite element method was used to calculate the stress birefringence. Based on the analyses of the microstructure, the technological process is improved. The temperature cycling test of the fiber wound into gyroscope coils was performed. The results show that the fiber possesses superior performance at high and low temperatures compared with other fibers. The high homogeneity is achieved by well-controlled modified chemical vapor deposition process. A homogeneous length of 8 km fiber is obtained. With advantages in homogeneity and length, the fiber has great potential in applications such as fiber gyroscopes, fiber hydrophone and other optical fiber sensors.

CNPC’s Overseas Projects: Maintaining Stable Operations while Fighting against the Epidemic

Recently,according to CNPC instructions,CNPC’s overseas projects,such as NGCP project in Saudi Arabia,CPL’s project in Bangladesh,XDEC’s project,and BHDC No.5 Drilling Company’s project,have maintained stable operations while fighting against the epidemic–COVID-19.

Conditions for Producing and Maintaining Plasma Ball Lightning in the Atmosphere

Based on the results of plasma experiments and research work done by Dawson and Jones, Trubnikov, Endean, and other researchers, three requirements for producing and maintaining plasma ball lightning have been found: 1) rotation of plasma, 2) the density of charged particles nc > 3.15 × 10-10ω2,3) a stable confinement of plasma. In this model, the energy density of ball lightning ranged from 10-2 J / cm3 to 104 J/ cm3, the formation, shape, stability, energy, maintaining processes and other properties of ball lightning were explained reasonably.

Maintaining Learners' Motivation

Foreign language learning is a complex process and its success is determined by a variety of factors.The prime one ofthem is motivation,which,as everyone knows,could be controlled by external forces so as to be taken advantage of.Motivationcould prompt the learner to have his own learning goals and let him finish his learning task autonomously.All of that shows the im-portance of maintaining learners’motivation.This paper will demonstrate not only the definition and the types of motivation,but al-so the methods that could be used to stimulate and maintain the motivation.

Leptin and Maintaining Weight Gain

In today's society,obesity is the single most important risk factor for early disability and death,and the incidence of obesity is still at an alarming level.The central nervous system regulates energy intake and consumption in response to changes in the body's energy storage,thereby maintaining the body's continued obesity;fat cell-derived hormone leptin and its receptor(LEPR)are the key regulators of these systems.As in the case of insulin resistance,various mechanisms have been proposed(including feedback inhibition,inflammation,glial hyperplasia,and endoplasmic reticulum stress)to interfere with the action of leptin,hindering the system that controls the body's energy balance to promote or maintain obesity,although these are not clear.However,in ordinary obese patients,the LEPR signal may be increased(rather than impaired),indicating that any obesity-related defects in leptin action must be caused by lesions other than the original LEPR signal.

Maintaining Its Relevance

BRICS proves it still has a major role to play in the development of emerging economies The BRICS partnership has proven that it is more relevant today than it ever has been,given that the polarization and protectionism of traditional global powers is at an all-time high.Experts believe that this trajectory has particularly

Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status

Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function.Here,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation.As such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation.Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function.The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions.In vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism.Collectively,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited.Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.

StSN2 interacts with the brassinosteroid signaling suppressor StBIN2 to maintain tuber dormancy

After harvest,potato tubers undergo an important period of dormancy,which significantly impacts potato quality and seed vigor.StSN2 has been reported as a key gene for maintaining tuber dormancy;in this study,we explored the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains dormancy.StBIN2 was first identified as a candidate protein that interacts with StSN2 by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry,and both qPCR and enzyme activity experiments showed that StSN2 can promote the StBIN2 expression and activity.In addition,the interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 was verified by yeast two-hybrid,luciferase complementation experiments and co-immunoprecipitation.Bioinformatics analysis and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the critical role of cysteine residues of StBIN2 in its binding to StSN2.Similar to that of StSN2,overexpression of StBIN2 extended the dormancy of potato tuber.Interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 increased the activity of the StBIN2 enzyme,inhibited the expression of StBZR1,and suppressed BR signaling.On the contrary,this interaction promoted the expression of StSnRK2.2/2.3/2.4/2.6 and StABI5,key genes of ABA signaling,and the phosphorylation of StSnRK2.3,thereby promoting ABA signaling.Altogether,our results indicate that StSN2 interacts with StBIN2 through key cysteine residues and StBIN2 maintains tuber dormancy by affecting ABA and BR signaling.Findings of this research offer new insights into the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains potato tuber dormancy through interaction with StSIN2 and provide guidance for potato improvement.