Use of the Method of Guidance by a Required Velocity in Control of Spacecraft Attitude

We apply the method of guidance by a required velocity for solving the optimal control problem over spacecraft’s reorientation from known initial attitude into a required final attitude.We suppose that attitude control is carried out by impulse jet engines.For optimization of fuel consumption,the controlling moments are calculated and formed according to the method of free trajectories together with principle of iterative control using the quaternions for generating commands to actuators.Optimal solution corresponds to the principle“acceleration-free rotation-separate corrections-free rotation-braking”.Rotation along a hitting trajectory is supported by insignificant correction of the uncontrolled motion at discrete instants between segments of acceleration and braking.Various strategies of forming the correction impulses during stage of free motion are suggested.Improving accuracy of achievement of spacecraft's final position is reached by terminal control using information about current attitude and angular velocity measurements for determining an instant of beginning of braking(condition for start of braking based on actual motion parameters is formulated in analytical form).The described method is universal and invariant relative to moments of inertia.Developed laws of attitude control concern the algorithms with prognostic model,the synthesized control modes are invariant with respect to both external perturbations and parametric errors.Results of mathematical modeling are presented that demonstrate practical feasibility and high efficiency of designed algorithms.

末修姿控系统极性检测仪设计

为满足末修姿控动力系统与控制系统一致性和协调性检测而研制的末修姿控系统极性检测仪,能实时检测并显示末修姿控动力系统根据控制系统发出的控制指令按时序动作的情况,从而为控制系统提供可靠的判断数据,确保了末修姿控动力系统的正常工作。末修姿控系统极性检测仪使用方便,操作界面简单,可自动记录、保存检测数据,并可离线浏览、打印,自动化程度高;同时仪器内部嵌入控制信号模拟线路,可自动进行模拟自检测试,从而提高工作效率,减少设备投入,其便携式、小型化设计更适应了机动、灵活的使用需求。

基于末端轨迹修正的导弹跟踪稳定性控制方法

舰载导弹在制导飞行的末端容易受到空气小扰动的影响产生轨迹偏离,需要进行轨迹偏离修正控制,提高弹道对目标跟踪的姿态稳定性,提出一种基于改进的扩展Kalman滤波(EKR)和误差反馈修正的导弹跟踪端轨迹修正控制方法。以陀螺仪采集的导弹的横滚角、俯仰角以及航向偏离的参量为控制约束指标集,采用扩展Kalman滤波算法进行姿态参量融合,结合Smith结构建立导弹跟踪控制的被控对象模型,计算末端轨迹中姿态角与真值的偏差,根据偏差进行导弹的惯性姿态反馈调节,采用自适应的量化融合跟踪识别方法进行导弹定姿处理,通过对末端轨迹的误差反馈修正提高姿态角的输出精度,根据姿态的不断变化实现自适应的位姿修正,实现导弹对敌目标跟踪的稳定性控制。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行导弹控制的姿态角解算的误差较小,定姿精度较高,提高导弹跟踪控制的稳定性和鲁棒性。

大气层外拦截器变结构末制导控制方法研究

对大气层外拦截器末制导执行机构是安装在质心位置的4个轨控发动机,根据轨控发动机推力特性研究了一种末制导控制方法。在建立弹目相对运动模型的基础上,设计了基于零化视线角速度的变结构导引律。为抑制抖振,用双曲函数替代符号函数,当运动点远离切换面时趋近速度可显著提高;当运动点离切换面较近时趋近速度能快速减小,采用变速趋近既保证了系统的快速性和鲁棒性,又削弱了由变结构控制的本质不连续性导致的抖振。为避免轨控发动机开关过于频繁,设计了视线转率门限,用视线转率双包络线方法改进变结构末制导控制律。仿真比较了双曲正切控制律和指数趋近律的性能,结果表明:双曲趋近律的拦截器视线角速度、加速度曲线均无明显抖振,加速度相对稳定,弹道较平稳,视线转率门限降低了轨控发动机的开关频率。方法较好地实现了拦截器末制导控制,有效解决了抖振与快速性间的矛盾,改善了系统的动静态特性。