Effect of V content on microstructures and properties of TiC cermet fusion welding interface

The effects of vanadium(V)on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the TiC cermet fusion welding interface were studied by adjusting the content of V in the self-developed flux-cored wires using metal inert gas arc(MIG)welding for surfacing on the TiC cermet.The results show that the increase in V content promotes the element diffusion between TiC cermet and weld metal.There are no de-fects observed in the interface,and the diffusion of elements refers to excellent metallurgical bonding.The shear strength of the fusion zone initially decreases and then increases with the increase in V content.The maximum shear strength of the TiC cermet/weld interface,reaching 552 MPa,occurred when the V content reached 0.65%.Meanwhile,the average hardness in the transition zone reached 488.2 HV0.2.

TC4表面激光熔覆硬质复合涂层组织与性能

TC4凭借比强度高、耐腐蚀性好、质量轻等一系列优点,被广泛应用于航空航天领域,但其摩擦系数大、耐磨性差等缺点极大地限制了其应用范围,针对TC4硬度低、耐磨性差等缺点,采用4 kW大功率Laser4000半导体激光器,选用过渡族难熔碳化物HfC、TaC和ZrC作为增强相,以H13钢基粉末作为基粉,利用激光熔覆技术在TC4表面制备了不同比例的钢基金属-陶瓷硬质涂层。之后利用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱仪、D/max-2500/PC型X射线衍射仪(XDR)等试验手段对不同比例涂层的宏观形貌、显微组织、物相组成和涂层元素分布等进行对比分析,利用Qness型号维氏显微硬度计测试涂层硬度并分析熔覆试样截面微观硬度变化规律,利用MMU-5G型端面摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同材料组分涂层的摩擦磨损性能,研究结果表明:试件熔覆层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合,熔覆层组织形态主要以枝晶组织以及块状组织为主,各熔覆层的主要物相中均含有TiC,随着三元陶瓷粉末含量的增加,MC的含量也随之增加,当碳化物混合粉末添加量为15%(质量分数)时,熔覆层中检测到Hf_(0.8)Ta_(0.2)Fe_(2)三元合金相。当三元陶瓷粉添含量为10%(质量分数)时,熔覆层晶粒最为细小,涂层平均硬度最高,平均硬度约为763.43 HV,是基材硬度的2.29倍,当三元陶瓷粉末含量为5%(质量分数)时涂层的耐磨性最好,相对耐磨性为25%。

牙轮钻头Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷密封配副磨损研究

目前牙轮钻头金属密封环通常采用相同的金属材料,其磨损性能不佳,易造成金属密封因磨损严重而失效。为提高金属密封的磨损性能,提出采用Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷作为牙轮钻头密封副,并开展其与不同材料配副的磨损试验,研究不同摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能和磨损形式;建立适用于牙轮钻头金属密封材料的数值磨损模型,开展Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷与不同材料配副的双金属密封性能的数值模拟,基于磨损模型预测使用30 h后不同双金属密封的磨损体积。试验结果表明:当Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷作为动摩擦副,9CrSi作为静摩擦副时,金属环表面平均磨损体积最小,同时摩擦因数较小,磨损性能更佳。通过试验与仿真数据对比,验证了建立的数值磨损模型适用于双金属密封。仿真结果表明:当Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷作为动金属环,9CrSi作为静金属环时密封端面磨损体积最小,金属密封磨损性能显著提高,其接触应力最大值为23.243 MPa,能够满足密封要求。

超音速火焰喷涂TiB_(2)-Co涂层组织与性能研究

采用机械合金化技术制备TiB_(2)-Co金属陶瓷复合粉末,通过超音速火焰喷涂技术制备TiB_(2)-Co金属陶瓷涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察TiB_(2)-Co金属陶瓷涂层的微观结构特征,并对涂层进行显微硬度、磨粒磨损和磨损形貌测试,以评价涂层的性能。结果表明,涂层表面存在完全熔化区和部分熔化区;涂层呈典型的叠层状结构,与基材结合良好;涂层的硬度明显高于基体金属,是基体金属的4.5倍;磨损失重量仅为基体金属的14;涂层磨损试样表面存在空穴和犁沟,其磨损机制主要为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。

钢结硬质合金与钢连接技术的研究现状

钢结硬质合金具有合金钢的优良力学性能和硬质合金的高耐磨性、高硬度的特点,具有良好的性价比,如何将钢结硬质合金与大型耐磨部件金属基体形成牢固的冶金结合,已成为提高设备整体耐磨性和使用寿命的技术关键,通过总结钢结硬质合金与钢的不同冶金结合形式、原理和特点,并概述了近年来国内外学者在此领域所取得的研究成果,具体介绍了镶铸、钎焊、扩散焊、激光焊、电弧焊等连接方法的研究现状,重点总结了这些连接方法的适用范围以及在使用过程中存在的问题,特别是钢结硬质合金与钢基体的界面结合情况进行了统计分析,最后,通过对现有技术的归纳总结,展望了未来实现钢结硬质合金与钢基体良好冶金结合的研究和发展方向.

Preparation and properties of flame-sprayed Mo-FeB-Fe cermet coatings

The powders of Mo2FeB2 cermet were prepared with Mo powders, Fe-B alloy powders and Fe powders as raw materials. Mo2FeB2 cermet coatings were prepared on Q235 steel by reactive thermal spraying （RTS） method and heated at 1 000 ℃ in vacuum oven of 1 kPa for 5 h. The properties of coatings were investigated. The results indicate that Fe2B appears after milling for 15 h in the powder at room temperature, a part of ternary borides （Mo2FeB2） are generated in powder sintered at 900 ℃. The coatings are composed of the major phases Mo2FeB2 and a-Fe, a little of Fe203, FeO and some pores. The bonding strength between the substrate and the ceramic coating is 32.73 MPa, the thermal-shock times is about 43 and the wear resistance is enhanced by approximately 5.28 times compared with that of the substrate, respectively. The comprehensive properties of Mo2FeB2 cermet coatings can be imoroved further after vacuum heat-treatment at 1 000 ℃ for 5 h.

Effect of additive BaO on corrosion resistance of xCu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4) cermet inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis

xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet and 1BaO-xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet（x=5,10,17） inert anodes were prepared as potential inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis and their corrosion resistance to traditional electrolyte was studied with anodic current density of 1.0 A/cm2 in laboratory electrolysis.The substantial corrosion of metal Cu was observed,many pores appeared on the surface of anode and electrolytes infiltrated inside anodes during the electrolysis.The wear rates of 5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） and 1BaO-17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） are 2.15,6.50,8.30,4.88,4.70 and 4.48 cm/a,respectively.The addition of BaO to 10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet and 17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet is advantageous because BaO can effectively promote densification and thus improve corrosion resistance.But the addition of BaO to 5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet is unfavorable to corrosion resistance because additive BaO at the grain boundary of anode accelerates possibly the corrosion of cermet.

Effect of VC/Cr_3C_2 on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were measured. The results show that there are black core-grey rim structure and white core-grey rim structure in the microstructure. The grains become fine due to the VC/Cr3C2, and the grains of cermet added with 0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2 are refined most remarkably. The black core becomes finer with the increase of VC addition and rim phase becomes thicker with the decrease of Cr3C2 addition. The porosity increases with the increase of VC addition in VC/Cr3C2. Compared with the cermet free of VC/Cr3C2, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of cermets with VC/Cr3C2 are both improved, and the maximum values are both found for the cermet with 0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2. The fracture toughness can be effectively promoted by adding VC/Cr3C2 with an appropriate ratio of VC to Cr3C2, and the maximum value is found for the cermet with 0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2.

Effect of sintering atmosphere on corrosion resistance of Ni/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO) cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

A comparative study on the corrosion resistance of 17Ni/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode prepared in differentsintering atmospheres was conducted in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melt. The results indicate that the corrosion rates of NiFe2O4-based cermetanodes prepared in the vacuum and the atmosphere with oxygen content of 2×10^-3 （volume fraction） are 6.46 and 2.71 cm/a,respectively. Though there is a transition layer with lots of holes or pores, a densified layer is formed on the surface of anode due tosome reactions producing aluminates. For the anode prepared in the atmosphere with oxygen content of 2×10^-3, the thickness of thedensification layer （about 50 μm） is thicker than that （about 30 μm） formed on the surface of anode prepared in the vacuum. Thecontents of NiO and Fe（II） in NiFe2xO4-y-z increase with the decrease of oxygen content in sintering atmosphere, which reduces thecorrosion resistance of the material.

Corrosion of NiFe_2O_4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis

NiFe2O4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis were prepared and their properties were investigated in a lab-scale electrolysis cell. The results show that the inert anodes exhibit good performance during electrolysis in molten salt cryolite at 960 °C, but according to the analyses of phase compositions and microstructures through XRD, SEM/EDX and metallographic analysis, the metal in the anodes is preferentially corroded and many pores are produced on the anode surface after electrolysis. The preferential dissolution of Fe in the NiFe2O4 phase may lead to the non-uniform corrosion of NiFe2O4 grains. Moreover, a dense protective layer of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 is formed on the anode surface, which originates from the reaction of Al2O3 dissolved in the electrolyte with NiO or FeO, the annexation of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 to NiO and volume expansion. Thus, the dense NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 layer inhibits the metal loss and ceramic-phase corrosion on the surface of the cermet inert anodes.

激光熔覆涂层材料的研究现状

金属陶瓷和高熵合金具有良好热稳定性、耐高温性和抗腐蚀等优点成为涂层领域新的研究点。激光熔覆技术是获得其高超性能的涂层制备方法之一。阐述了激光熔覆涂层材料最新研究进展,重点讨论了利用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备金属陶瓷和高熵合金涂层的研究现状,介绍了熔覆金属陶瓷和高熵合金涂层的相关技术问题及它们的性能特点,并分析了其未来的发展趋势。

钨基氮化铀微球弥散燃料制备工艺及性能研究

金属陶瓷(CERMET)弥散燃料是目前核热推进反应堆用燃料研发热点。氮化铀(UN)微球具有高铀密度、高热导率、高填充率等特点,钨基体具有高熔点、高热导率及低线性热膨胀系数等优点,将两者结合形成的钨基氮化铀微球弥散燃料是空间核动力的理想候选材料。本文突破了碳热还原-氮化关键难点,成功制备了高纯UN微球,采用无压通氢烧结的工艺路线,实现了钨基UN弥散燃料芯块制备,研究了不同参数对UN微球和弥散燃料芯块性能的影响规律。结果表明,当碳化温度为1900℃、保温时间为8 h、氮化温度为1900℃、保温时间为3 h时,UN微球的纯度最高,达93.79%,相对密度为96%T.D.;以丙三醇为黏结剂、无水乙醇为稀释剂,对UN微球与基体钨粉进行湿混后直接装模压制,UN微球在钨基体中分布较均匀;使用氢气进行致密化烧结,在1900℃可获得95%T.D.以上致密度。对燃料芯块的性能测试表明,钨基UN芯块中的微球完整且分布均匀,微球中U、N原子比为1.04∶1,钨基体与UN微球界面粘附紧密,无分层;随着温度的升高,芯块的导热系数逐渐降低,100℃时的导热系数为182.6 W/(m·K)。

表面等离子渗氮对TiAlN涂层TiCN基金属陶瓷性能的影响

针对TiCN基金属陶瓷,调节不同N_(2)/Ar流量比对其进行等离子渗氮,并在渗氮样品表面沉积TiAlN涂层。采用GIXRD、EDS、SEM、HR-TEM、划痕测试、纳米压痕测试和光学图像测试仪等研究了渗氮过程N_(2)/Ar流量比对涂层组织结构、膜基界面状态、力学性能和涂层金属陶瓷刀片切削性能的影响。结果表明,随着N_(2)/Ar流量比的提高,TiAlN涂层晶粒逐渐细化,涂层厚度不断降低,基体表面仍有黏结相残留,进而影响表面涂层的生长和性能。当N_(2)/Ar流量比为1时,膜基界面处存在硬质相生长区和富黏结相生长区两种涂层生长区域,涂层在硬质相表面为共格外延生长,富黏结相区域存在原子排列紊乱的过渡区,涂层为半共格外延生长;涂层(200)晶面取向最强,织构系数为1.91;涂层硬模比(H/E)最高,为0.094。当N_(2)/Ar流量比为2时,TiAlN涂层的硬度和弹性模量均最高,分别为34.15GPa和416.64GPa。在切削加工过程中,切削接触区域主要发生磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。当N_(2)/Ar流量比为1时,涂层TiCN基金属陶瓷刀片切削性能最佳。

不同量Ta的添加对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响

向Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中加入不同量的钽,随后检测了含钽量不同的金属陶瓷的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷硬质相主要由黑芯、白色内壳和灰色外壳构成,Ta添加量超过4%的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷有白芯相和无芯相;随着Ta添加量的增加,硬质相的尺寸减小,Ta添加量为4%的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷硬质相尺寸最小;随着Ta添加量的增加,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的硬度和抗弯强度先增加后减小,断裂韧度增加.

冷喷涂硬质合金耐磨涂层研究进展

硬质合金涂层具有高耐磨性与高耐腐蚀性等优势,因此广泛应用于冶金等领域的耐磨、耐蚀防护中。采用传统热喷涂技术制备硬质合金涂层,其高温会导致涂层材料产生相变、氧化、脱碳等问题,从而损害涂层的服役性能。冷喷涂技术作为一种新兴的涂层制备技术,具有低温的特点,可避免传统热喷涂方法所带来的涂层质量问题,成为硬质合金涂层制备的潜在技术。在简述冷喷涂技术原理及其沉积机理的基础上,综述了冷喷涂制备硬质合金耐磨涂层(如WC-Co、WC-Ni、Cr_(3)C_(2)-NiCr等),以及影响涂层硬度、耐磨性等力学性能的主要因素,包括硬质相、黏结相的种类、含量和尺寸等。综合比较了冷喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂制备的硬质合金涂层的耐磨性能,分析了后处理(喷后热处理、搅拌摩擦处理)对冷喷涂硬质合金涂层耐磨性的影响。最后,提出了冷喷涂技术在硬质合金耐磨涂层制备方面的局限性,并对未来发展进行了展望。

固体氧化物燃料电池Ni基阳极抗积碳的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种缓解能源危机的新兴能源技术,具有效率高、可持续、无污染等优势。Ni基金属陶瓷由于兼具高电子电导、高离子电导和对碳氢燃料极佳的催化活性等优势,成为目前商业化SOFC阳极材料的最佳选择。然而,Ni基阳极SOFC在使用含碳燃料时,由于碳沉积而容易导致其失活,造成电池性能衰减。针对于此,首先,分析Ni基阳极在含碳燃料中积碳的机理,阐明Ni基阳极积碳的原因、过程、类型以及危害,并介绍探测积碳常用的表征方法;然后,归纳总结当前国内外对于改善Ni基阳极抗积碳的机制和策略;最后,对Ni基阳极抗积碳策略的发展方向提出展望。

异质结构Ti(C,N)-(Fe)CoCrNi基金属陶瓷及其电化学腐蚀行为

采用(Fe)CoCrNi高/中熵合金雾化粉末原料,制备Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))-20%WC-8%TaC-5%Mo_(2)C-22%FeCoCrNi(A)和Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))-20%WC-8%TaC-5%Mo_(2)C-22%CoCrNi(B)金属陶瓷,采用具有相同黏结金属体积分数的Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))-20%WC-8%TaC-5%Mo_(2)C-12%Co-12%Ni(C)金属陶瓷作为对比合金。电化学实验结果表明,尽管金属陶瓷A和B中存在脱碳相(η相)和微观结构均质性较差等问题,在H_(2)SO_(4)(pH=1)、Na_(2)SO_(4)(pH=7)和NaOH(pH=13)溶液中,相较于无微观组织结构缺陷的金属陶瓷C,金属陶瓷A和B在3种介质中平均自腐蚀电流密度J_(corr)分别降低33%和88%,平均电荷转移电阻Rct分别提高97%和219%,微观组织结构缺陷不影响其耐蚀性改善;在H_(2)SO_(4)中,金属陶瓷B的J_(corr)降低89%,Rct提高750%,CoCrNi中熵合金黏结金属能显著改善金属陶瓷在强腐蚀性介质中的耐蚀性。从高、中熵合金本征特性,合金体系润湿性等视角分析了金属陶瓷A和B中η相形成伴随的异质结构形成机理。

高熵合金/陶瓷在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中的研究现状与展望

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷因其具有良好的硬度、耐磨性和化学稳定性,成为制造业中不可或缺的关键材料,进一步提高金属陶瓷材料的强韧性对扩大其应用领域和应用规模具有十分重要的意义。本文阐述了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的相结构特点,并重点综述了高熵合金/陶瓷在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的黏结相和添加相成分设计和制备中的应用。对高熵合金/陶瓷在金属陶瓷的主要研究方向进行了总结展望:在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中加入高熵合金黏结相后组织的演变和对材料性能的影响机理需进一步研究;同时高熵陶瓷添加相在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中的作用及机理也是一个重要的研究方向。

超音速火焰喷涂Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr复合涂层的组织与性能

以Ni60合金粉末与WC-10Co4Cr粉末为原料,采用以空气为助燃气体的超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr复合涂层,研究了添加不同质量分数(20%,40%,60%)WC-10Co4Cr涂层的显微组织、耐磨粒磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能,并与电镀硬铬层进行对比。结果表明:Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr复合涂层由镍基固溶体(NiCr)、铬的碳化物(Cr_(23)C_(6)和Cr_(7)C_(3))和硼化物(Cr_(2)B)以及WC组成,涂层与基体结合紧密,孔隙率均低于1%;随着WC-10Co4Cr含量的增加,复合涂层中的硬质WC相含量增加,涂层的硬度升高,磨粒磨损体积损失明显下降,耐磨粒磨损性能提高,自腐蚀电位降低,自腐蚀电流密度增大,耐腐蚀性能下降。添加质量分数60%WC-10Co4Cr的复合涂层的性能最佳,其耐磨性能与电镀硬铬层相当,耐腐蚀性能优于电镀硬铬层,硬度略低于电镀硬铬层;采用该涂层来代替电镀硬铬是可行的。

纳米HfC对微波烧结TiB_(2)基金属陶瓷刀具材料力学性能和微观组织的影响

采用微波烧结技术快速制备一种力学性能良好的TiB_(2)基金属陶瓷刀具材料,研究了纳米HfC含量对金属陶瓷力学性能和微观组织的影响,分析了微观组织和力学性能之间的关系,揭示了纳米HfC对金属陶瓷刀具材料的增强补韧机理。结果表明:加入纳米HfC可显著提高材料的断裂韧度和抗弯强度,含20wt.%HfC的金属陶瓷断裂韧度和抗弯强度相较于未加HfC的断裂韧度和抗弯强度分别提高了36.7%和45.4%,断裂韧度高达10.68MPa·m^(1/2)±0.30MPa·m^(1/2);随着纳米HfC含量的增加,TiB_(2)基体晶粒由粗大、无规则形状向细小、矩形形状转变,平均晶粒尺寸可缩小到原来的1/2.6;TiB_(2)-TiC-HfC金属陶瓷的主要增强补韧机理为细晶强化、颗粒弥散强化、固溶强化、裂纹偏转和钉扎效应。