The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a fro...The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a frontal ramp with displacement gradient, and/or （3） a combination of these geometries. These geometries have been used to interpret the structures near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts （FTB）. This contribution outlines an alternative explanation that can result in the same map pattern by lateral variations in stratigraphy along the strike of a low angle thrust fault. We describe the natural example of the Leamington transverse zone, which marks the southern margin of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Oquirrh basin with genetically related lateral stratigraphic variations in the North American Sevier FTB. Thus, the observed map pattern at this zone is closely related to lateral stratigraphic variations along the strike of a horizontal fault. Even though the present-day erosional level shows the map pattern that could be interpreted as a lateral ramp, the observed structures along the Leamington zone most likely share the effects of the presence of a lateral （or oblique） ramp, lateral stratigraphic variations along the fault trace, and the displacement gradient.展开更多
Segmentation of the thrust fault zone is a basic problem for earthquake hazard evaluation. The Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone is an important seismic belt NW-trending in the southeast margin of the Qinghal-X...Segmentation of the thrust fault zone is a basic problem for earthquake hazard evaluation. The Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone is an important seismic belt NW-trending in the southeast margin of the Qinghal-Xizang （Tibet） plateau. The longitudinal faults in the thrust zone are mainly of the thrust slipping type. The late Quaternary motion modes and displacement rates are quite different from north to south. Investigation on valleys across the fault shows that the transverse faults are mainly of dextral strike-slipping type with a bit dip displacement. Based on their connections with the longitudinal faults, three types of transverse faults are generalized, namely： the separate fault, the transform fault and the tear fault, and their functions in the segmentation of the thrust fault zone are compared. As the result, the Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone is divided into three segments, and earthquakes occurring in these three segments are compared. The tri-section of the Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone identified by transverse fault types reflects, on the one hand, the differences in slip rate, earthquake magnitude and pace from each segment, and the coherence of earthquake rupturing pace on the other hand. It demonstrates that the transverse faults control the segmentation to a certain degree, and each type of the transverse faults plays a different role.展开更多
以黏土模拟低渗透包气带环境,探究了混溶流体在包气带中的迁移规律。实验结果表明：混溶流体在横向和垂向的最大迁移距离与流体泄漏量均符合幂函数变化规律y=ax^b。随着流体注入体积的增加,横向和垂向迁移距离不断增大,迁移速率逐渐减...以黏土模拟低渗透包气带环境,探究了混溶流体在包气带中的迁移规律。实验结果表明：混溶流体在横向和垂向的最大迁移距离与流体泄漏量均符合幂函数变化规律y=ax^b。随着流体注入体积的增加,横向和垂向迁移距离不断增大,迁移速率逐渐减小。文章提出以横纵比作为反映流体在包气带中迁移变化规律的重要指标。横纵比总体呈下降趋势,具体分为两个阶段：流体注入体积为0-3 046 m L时,横纵比呈先上升后稳定的趋势,横纵比大于1。此阶段流体以横向发育为主,污染羽剖面呈扁平状椭圆;当流体注入体积大于3 046 m L,横纵比逐渐减小到1以下并持续减小。此阶段流体以垂向发育为主,污染羽剖面逐渐转变为竖直长条状椭圆。展开更多
基金supported by MLTM of Korean Government Program 20052004 to S.Kwon
文摘The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a frontal ramp with displacement gradient, and/or （3） a combination of these geometries. These geometries have been used to interpret the structures near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts （FTB）. This contribution outlines an alternative explanation that can result in the same map pattern by lateral variations in stratigraphy along the strike of a low angle thrust fault. We describe the natural example of the Leamington transverse zone, which marks the southern margin of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Oquirrh basin with genetically related lateral stratigraphic variations in the North American Sevier FTB. Thus, the observed map pattern at this zone is closely related to lateral stratigraphic variations along the strike of a horizontal fault. Even though the present-day erosional level shows the map pattern that could be interpreted as a lateral ramp, the observed structures along the Leamington zone most likely share the effects of the presence of a lateral （or oblique） ramp, lateral stratigraphic variations along the fault trace, and the displacement gradient.
基金The research was sponsored bythe keyresearch project entitled"Seismic Safety Evaluation and Structural Earthquake Resistance"under the 10th Five-Year Program of the ChinaEarthquake Administration the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China (0101302) Contribution number :2005A001 ,the Institute of Crustal Dynamics ,CEA.
文摘Segmentation of the thrust fault zone is a basic problem for earthquake hazard evaluation. The Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone is an important seismic belt NW-trending in the southeast margin of the Qinghal-Xizang （Tibet） plateau. The longitudinal faults in the thrust zone are mainly of the thrust slipping type. The late Quaternary motion modes and displacement rates are quite different from north to south. Investigation on valleys across the fault shows that the transverse faults are mainly of dextral strike-slipping type with a bit dip displacement. Based on their connections with the longitudinal faults, three types of transverse faults are generalized, namely： the separate fault, the transform fault and the tear fault, and their functions in the segmentation of the thrust fault zone are compared. As the result, the Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone is divided into three segments, and earthquakes occurring in these three segments are compared. The tri-section of the Yingjing-Mabian-Yanjin thrust fault zone identified by transverse fault types reflects, on the one hand, the differences in slip rate, earthquake magnitude and pace from each segment, and the coherence of earthquake rupturing pace on the other hand. It demonstrates that the transverse faults control the segmentation to a certain degree, and each type of the transverse faults plays a different role.
文摘以黏土模拟低渗透包气带环境,探究了混溶流体在包气带中的迁移规律。实验结果表明：混溶流体在横向和垂向的最大迁移距离与流体泄漏量均符合幂函数变化规律y=ax^b。随着流体注入体积的增加,横向和垂向迁移距离不断增大,迁移速率逐渐减小。文章提出以横纵比作为反映流体在包气带中迁移变化规律的重要指标。横纵比总体呈下降趋势,具体分为两个阶段：流体注入体积为0-3 046 m L时,横纵比呈先上升后稳定的趋势,横纵比大于1。此阶段流体以横向发育为主,污染羽剖面呈扁平状椭圆;当流体注入体积大于3 046 m L,横纵比逐渐减小到1以下并持续减小。此阶段流体以垂向发育为主,污染羽剖面逐渐转变为竖直长条状椭圆。
