Rural Revitalization Planning under the Territorial Spatial Planning System

With the rapid development of China’s social economy,village planning is increasingly important.Departments should fully draw up practical village plan“integrating various plans”.In the context of“rural revitalization”,how to better promote“rural revitalization”and realize the concept that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”is a difficult problem in front of everyone.After many years of pilot of“integrating various plans”,“five levels,three categories and four systems”have been formed,but the territorial spatial planning in the new era under the construction of ecological civilization still faces many problems and challenges.In this paper,the practical village planning of“integrating various plans”under the background of territorial spatial planning was analyzed,aiming to establish and improve a complete rural spatial system and provide an effective scheme for rural governance mechanism by analyzing and refining the key points of rural planning.

Thinking and Research on County-level Territorial Spatial Plans in the Territorial Spatial Plan System:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province

The establishment of the territorial spatial plan system is an important space reform act to meet the new era in China.The reform of territorial spatial plans according to classification is in line with the characteristics of China’s current territorial spatial administration and urban development.At present,China’s provincial and municipal territorial spatial plans have been publicized,and county-level territorial spatial plans are being approved one after another,while the compilation of township-level territorial spatial plans is being carried out in an orderly manner.In this paper,based on the historical background of the establishment of territorial spatial plan system integrating“multiple plans”,the background of territorial spatial plans and the important role of county-level territorial spatial plans were first elaborated,and then the progress of the compilation of county-level territorial spatial plans in Jiangxi Province was sorted out.Finally,the problems existing in the compilation were discussed,and corresponding suggestions were put forward to provide a certain reference for the construction of a scientific and reasonable territorial spatial plan system.

Territory and territorial behavior of migrating Common Coot (Fulica atra)

Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot（Fulica atra） were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 and 2009.In the breeding season,the breeding pairs occupied an area and protected it throughout the reproduction,and both interspecific and intraspecific conflicts were observed.Territory activities became severe since early May,the peak of territory behaviors appeared at late May,and then declined gradually.The territorial activities level was higher than that in the nest building period than in the laying and incubation periods.The most adopted behavioral model was expelling,which was the least energy cost.The degree of territorial behavior tended to be descended since the development of breeding phase.The territory size differed from 1 333 m2 to above 5 000 m2.Wintering population was observed in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province.The coots gathered in the open water;however,there was no territory behavior both in the interspecies and intraspecies in wintering sites.The hypotheses why there was territory behaviors for coots both in the interspecies and intraspecies were also discussed.

Agriculture Development in Agriculture Oriented County Based on Territorial Function ——A Case Study of Long’an County in GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region

[Objective] The aim was to research development plan of major agriculture-oriented county （MAOA or MAOC hereafter） based on territorial function. [Method] The relationship between Major Function Oriented Zoning （MFOZ hereafter） and agricultural development is explored with the case of Long＇an County in Guangxi. [Result] In the research, agricultural function, featured by composition and diversification, is considered one of territorial function typs, contributed by ecology, land, industries and population. With Long＇an as a study case, it can be concluded that the plan of major agriculture-oriented counties is as follows： With guidance of territorial function, the counties should formulate the strategies of major function oriented zones, strive for more social and economic resources for agricultural development, extend agricultural functions, enhance the role of agricultural additional functions, strengthen ecological conservation, improve agricultural productivity and transportation, reinforce exchange of countryside with other regions. In addition, attention should be paid to reconstruction of population and industry pattern for redistribution on the basis of evaluation on bearing capacity of resources and environment. [Conclusion] In future, major agriculture oriented county should coordinate relationship among agriculture, industries, ecology and population with rational distribution of territorial function in county to guarantee stable and sustainable agricultural development.

Territorial suitability assessment and function zoning in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area

An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.

Objective and Framework for Territorial Development in China

This paper analyzes the present situation of China's territorial development and holds that the spatial framework for socio-economic development can not be naturally extended under the present conditions. Hence it is necessary to strengthen rationally spatial agglomeration. The basic concept and framework for future territorial devel- opment are raised based on the elaboration of factors affecting the territorial development of China.

Tail Waving Speed Affects Territorial Response in the Toad-headed Agama Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Territorial response affects a resident＇s access to resources and mates, but the response level is likely flexible

Rural Development Evaluation from Territorial Function Angle:a Case of Shandong Province

Rural territorial function follows the trend to develop from agricultural production space to a complex of cultural heritage,food security,social stability,quality of living,etc.Based on the rural area＇s territorial function to both urban and rural areas and its evolution law,index system of rural development evaluation,covering rural production function,rural consumption function,regional sustaining function,and individual development function were constructed in this paper.Case study based on Shandong Province and entropy method showed that the rural development in Shandong Province was neither stable nor orderly,and some of rural territorial functions were under fluctuation.The simulation result was close to the actual situation in rural areas of Shandong Province,and therefore,it would provide some experience for scientific evaluation of rural development in other regions.In the end,policy suggestion to cope with rural function transition was provided,namely further promoting the rural economic development,and breaking away from various factors that restricted the value realization,natural increment,and equitable distribution of rural production factors,and therefore,it would receive a sustainable rural development.

Worldwide or Territorial Approach for Individual Income Tax, Which is More Prevalent？

For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly used around the globe. Worldwide income approach （also known as a global tax system） taxes income from whatever source derived. Territorial income approach taxes only income earned within the country＇s borders. Using information collected from PricewaterhouseCoopers＇ website1 that provides information on tax systems used in countries around the world, this paper examines which countries apply worldwide or global income approach and which employ territorial approach to determine the legitimate source of taxable income. The research focuses on countries within： （1） Americas; （2） Asia/Pacific Basin; （3） Europe; and （4） Africa/Middle and Near East. Based on the information collected and presented in this paper, the worldwide approach is much more prevalent （104 countries） than the territorial approach （30 countries）. This paper also investigates any specific rules that a particular country has in relation to income to be taxed and residency versus non-residency status of the taxpayers. There appears to be an abundant spectrum of rules relating to residency and domicile for tax purposes among the countries.

THE FORMATION, EVOLUTION AND OPTIMAZATION OF TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE IN THE SOUTHERN CHINA

With the change of geopolitical pattern of the world, pacific rim area increases economic cooperation, instead of military antagonism. After reform and open to outside world, the southern China takes in an amount of investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, taking advantage of superior geo environment and thus forms a topical model of core periphery in the southern China. The core periphery model in the southern China is territorially made of three parts: core area — Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan; peripherial area — Zhujiang delta; second core area — parts of Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Fujian Province and Hainan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Its evolutional stage of this model can be divided into four stages: (1) the stage of polarization of core area; (2) the stage of the second core area strongly controlled by core area; (3) the transitional stage of the second area; (4) the stage of the southern China space integrity. Taking the core periphrial model in the southern China as an integrity of interrelational and rational division, its whole functional organized system is “input product assemble output”, core area is mainly then as the managed and transported center, the second area plays a product and productive control function and becomes center of manufacturing, study and development, periphrial area constructs as the center of material and raw material and the base of agricultural and side line products. Based on the analysis of the formative structure, evolutional law and the design of territorial function, we suggust the way of territerial optimazation as follows: (1) establishing the large hinterland which takes Xijiang basin as its core; (2) construct the high and renewed technological corridor; (3) constructing stable and varied material and raw material base; (4) reinforcing the organization and adjustment and managment between core area, periphrial area and second periphrial area. (5) constucting the varied corridor among core area, the second area and perphrial area.

Past, Status Quo and Future of China’s Territorial Planning

Since 1949, China has witnessed four development stages of territorial planning. (1) In the 1950s the territorial planning got its start. (2) From the 1960s to 1970s territorial planning declined. (3) From, the 1980s to 1990s the first major tide of territorial planning began. (4) From the end of the 1990s to recent times the new round of territorial planning is under deliberation. Since 1998, the Ministry of Land and Resources has carried out some related work, especially in organizing pilot projects, and early research on the new round of national territorial planning. According to the need for economic and social development and the current conditions in China, it is the appropriate for China to carry out the new round of territorial planning. However, the government should correctly consider the correlations between territorial planning and other plannings, and take appropriate development action, e.g. stressing main points for the basis of overall planning, building a territorial planning system that coordinate with national conditions, strengthening research on various supportive measures of territorial planning, summarizing and upgrading experiences obtained in pilot projects, strengthening international exchange and training talented personnel.

Analysis of a Class of Symmetric Equilibrium Configurations for a Territorial Model

Motivated by an animal territoriality model,we consider a centroidal Voronoi tessellation algorithm from a dynamical systems perspective.In doing so,we discuss the stability of an aligned equilibrium configuration for a rectangular domain that exhibits interesting symmetry properties.We also demonstrate the procedure for performing a center manifold reduction on the system to extract a set of coordinates which capture the long term dynamics when the system is close to a bifurcation.Bifurcations of the system restricted to the center manifold are then classified and compared to numerical results.Although we analyze a specific set-up,these methods can in principle be applied to any bifurcation point of any equilibrium for any domain.

THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF LABOUR AND LOCATIONAL SUPERIORITIES

There exists an inherent relationship between territorial division of labour and locational superiorities,of which becomes a basic point followed in the process of regional development and urban planning.The historical evolution of territorial division theories is reviewed first.The authors fully appraise the contributions of A.Smith et al.and comment on some of their shortcomings.An integrated system on locational superiorities is then put forward which contains four pairs of regional or urban superiorities.Finally,the relation of external elements and inherent mechanism in areal differentiation is probed.

Unequal Development and Territorial Competitiveness of Network Economy

The territorial consideration is enclosed in the development of network economy and e-Business, and there is no departure of the cultivation of e-Business from the establishment of territorial competitiveness. The traditional theory of the territorial competitiveness has come across a serious impact from the Internet. So the development of Intemet infrastructures and institutional environment would be something new to the theory of territorial competitiveness in the Internet era.

On the Laws and Causes of Socio-economic Territorial Differentiation in Minority Areas in China

On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socio-economic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, re-gional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines..

Astana＇s Evolution From the Outskirts to the Capital： Name, Emblem, and Territorial Settlement

This article is a research into the history of our town, several times changing its status on its nearly 80-year record. We trace its gradual evolvement from a backwater town into a 21th century capital to piece the picture of our town together from separate puzzles in names and events. The history of our town with its colonial, soviet and post-soviet periods is impetuously losing its two original contexts. The new city was not built anew, from scratch, but was further constructed, extended and novelized. However the first two periods are effaced and pushed to the background, becoming an apophasis. The questions to puzzle out are： Why the town was renamed so many times into Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Akmola, and Astana; why it had a few emblems on its record; and from which year starts settlement of the territory this modern city currently takes up. Then comes another moot point： How many times was our town＇s status put to question？ Of special interest is street renaming and monuments＇ relocation and the town＇s demographic constituent is no less a serious subject of research. Our town formed through permanent movement of the rural population to it, which concurred with the governmental campaigns in the epoch in question. Urban environment certainly told on inter-relations, and brought about problems. One of them is the problem of tolerance, inevitably arising in any big city. The problem of misunderstanding between the residents of former Tselinograd and present Astana is generation gap. For permanent population＇s rotation practically no urban life traditions have taken on a definite shape among majority of the residents, paradoxical as it is. The population＇s intent to cast off all the colonial and soviet past ended in the loss of representative opportunities of the ＂old＂ town.

Protection and Development of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Territorial Spatial Planning:Taking Baisi Village,Henan Province as an Example

In the process of historical development,the history and culture of villages are constantly changing,and they have become a powerful carrier of cultural heritage.Taking Baisi Village,Xun County,Henan Province as an example,the basic principles and development mode of traditional village protection were studied from aspects of traditional space renovation,architectural features and folk culture protection in this article,with a view to providing reference for the protection and development of other traditional villages.

Protection of Ecological Environment in Territorial Spatial Planning

According to the fundamental foundation of China's economic and social development,it is necessary to consider the state of the land and resources.This has caused great concern about the sustainable development of land and resources.The economy has been developing steadily,bringing China into a new stage.At this stage,we should plan the land and resources more reasonably,so as to achieve the goal of ensuring economic development and long-term social stability.Therefore,the management of land and resources needs to be improved.Using scientific planning methods,the original technology is improved to reasonably protect and develop China's land and resources,thus contributing to the sustainable development of China and even the world.

Territorial Governance in Flux： A Case of the City-Regions in England

Answers to challenges in a changing environment highlight the need to work with a more flexible sense of geography, developing institutional reforms in delivering public services. The emerging city regions in England can be regarded as a prime test of what the need for optimal territorial scope and enhanced coordination needs. The aim of this paper is to examine the emerging new forms of territorial governance in the light of the ＂piecemeal＂ approach of reforms launched by the post-2010 Conservative Liberal Government. We argue that the creation of city-regions is an organic part of the new territorial paradigm; an important element of which is an integrated and functional approach that intersects public administrative borders. Since 2010, the uniformed regional model has been replaced by primarily ad hoc, informal, and flexible approaches. The successive governments placed the bigger cities and its hinterland at the centre of English devolution, but wished to implement them in varying forms of ＂deal-making＂ as a means of decentralization, encouraging solutions tailored to local requirements and opportunities, and retaining the fundamental characteristics of the ＂asymmetrical devolution＂. However, in terms of regional governance, the relationship between the new and old regional configurations has seen the creation of a much-debated, malleable framework which, during the process of Brexit could generate new, further interpretations, narratives, and practical solutions

The Power Shift： National Anxiety, Territorial Dispute, and Trans-Regional Cooperation in Asia and the US Role

＂Power Shift＂ is used as the emerging Asia （emerging China and India） and declining US, European Union （EU） and Japan in the contemporary world. In parallel, it is used as raising territorial disputes and Xenophobia in Asia and Europe, especially in East Asia, Japan, China, and Korea. However, Asian economic development and high economic growth rate attracts the US and the EU to Asian region, not a conflict, and it demands Asian stable development, rather than unstable territorial disputes. Angas Maddison Statistics, International Monetary Fund （IMF） and World Bank also shows that China will surpass the USA by Purchasing power parity （PPP） based Gross domestic product （GDP） economically in 2015. The world of the 21st century is not unilateral, but multilateral or multipolar system, and the sift is already starting from the American continent to the Asian continent. How does it ensure the Asian stability and how does it guarantee the collaboration and prosperity between Asian countries and the world？ And how does the United States uses Asian pivot and Asian rebalance strategy？ The analysis of these policies are extremely important for considering the future of the world system. In this article, the author investigates the rise and fall of the great powers in the transition era, and develops economics, knowledge and science technology in the near future. Especially the author investigates the importance of making networks of the think-tanks, and to strengthen the relationship between nation states and regions under the conflict and antagonism.