不同含水率红陶土的SHPB动力学性能实验

为研究动态加载下红陶土的动态力学特性,利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,开展了含水率分别为5%、7%、9%、11%、13%和15%,冲击速度分别为6、8、10 m/s,分析了不同含水率和应变率条件下红陶土的动力学特性。结果表明:随着冲击速度的增大,红陶土应变率效应显著;在冲击荷载作用下,红陶土的动态应力-应变关系曲线随加载应变率提高呈现2种曲线类型,分别为脆-塑性破坏和脆性破坏,随着应变率的增加,红陶土破坏过程由塑-脆性破坏逐转变为脆性破坏;红陶土的抗压强度、动态弹性模量均随应变率的增大而增加,并随着含水率的增大先减小后增大。

基于SHPB试验的碳纳米管增强混凝土动态压缩行为研究

为探究碳纳米管增强混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态压缩行为,采用?100 mm大直径分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)对其进行了冲击试验,对比分析了不同冲击速度和碳纳米管掺量条件下混凝土的动态抗压强度、受压形变以及能量耗散特征的演化规律。试验结果表明:碳纳米管增强混凝土的动态强度特性具有显著的加载速率敏感性,动态抗压强度和动态强度增长因子均与冲击速度呈线性正相关的关系,当加载水平相同时,动态抗压强度随碳纳米管掺量的增大呈先上升后略有下降的变化趋势,且与普通混凝土相比增幅可达23.7%。碳纳米管增强混凝土的极限应变与冲击韧度的变化特点相似,均随冲击速度的增大而逐渐提高,具有一定的冲击速度强化效应,但与冲击速度之间并没有表现出明显的线性关系。在同一加载水平下,当碳纳米管掺量为0.30%时,混凝土的冲击韧度达到相对最大,较之普通混凝土提升约10%。掺入适量的碳纳米管能够有效强化混凝土内部结构的整体性和致密性,进而改善混凝土的动态力学性能以及能量耗散特征。

SHPB循环冲击实验技术在岩石冲击动力学教学中的应用研究

该文通过将SHPB实验与岩石冲击动力学相关理论课程相结合的教学模式,提高学生对岩石冲击力学响应和能量演化特征的认知与理解,培养学生在科学实验方面的实际操作能力和严谨态度,发挥学生自主开展实验研究的主观能动性,提升教学效果。基于多学科交叉融合理念,联系科学研究热点问题,引导学生进一步思考并探索更多“SHPB+”,有助于培养学生的科研实践能力与思维创新精神。

Failure characterization of fully grouted rock bolts under triaxial testing

Confining stresses serve as a pivotal determinant in shaping the behavior of grouted rock bolts.Nonetheless,prior investigations have oversimplified the three-dimensional stress state,primarily assuming hydrostatic stress conditions.Under these conditions,it is assumed that the intermediate principal stress(σ_(2))equals the minimum principal stress(σ_(3)).This assumption overlooks the potential variations in magnitudes of in situ stress conditions along all three directions near an underground opening where a rock bolt is installed.In this study,a series of push tests was meticulously conducted under triaxial conditions.These tests involved applying non-uniform confining stresses(σ_(2)≠σ_(3))to cubic specimens,aiming to unveil the previously overlooked influence of intermediate principal stresses on the strength properties of rock bolts.The results show that as the confining stresses increase from zero to higher levels,the pre-failure behavior changes from linear to nonlinear forms,resulting in an increase in initial stiffness from 2.08 kN/mm to 32.51 kN/mm.The load-displacement curves further illuminate distinct post-failure behavior at elevated levels of confining stresses,characterized by enhanced stiffness.Notably,the peak load capacity ranged from 27.9 kN to 46.5 kN as confining stresses advanced from σ_(2)=σ_(3)=0 to σ_(2)=20 MPa and σ_(3)=10 MPa.Additionally,the outcomes highlight an influence of confining stress on the lateral deformation of samples.Lower levels of confinement prompt overall dilation in lateral deformation,while higher confinements maintain a state of shrinkage.Furthermore,diverse failure modes have been identified,intricately tied to the arrangement of confining stresses.Lower confinements tend to induce a splitting mode of failure,whereas higher loads bring about a shift towards a pure interfacial shear-off and shear-crushed failure mechanism.

Unbound^(28)O,the heaviest oxygen isotope observed:a cutting-edge probe for testing nuclear models

The beyond-dripline oxygen isotopes^(27,28)O were recently observed at RIKEN,and were found to be unbound decaying into^(24)O by emitting neutrons.The unbound feature of the heaviest oxygen isotope,^(28)O,provides an excellent test for stateof-the-art nuclear models.The atomic nucleus is a self-organized quantum manybody system comprising specific numbers of protons Z and neutrons N.

饱水砂岩SHPB试验研究与耗能分析

深部工程岩石常处于饱水状态,爆破开采时往往承受各种复杂的冲击力作用。为保障施工安全高效进行,研究不同冲击荷载下饱水砂岩的动态力学性能有着理论指导意义。试验测量饱水处理后砂岩试件的基本物理参数,并采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置(SHPB)对饱水砂岩试件开展6种不同冲击荷载作用下的动态压缩试验。结果表明:饱水砂岩试件动抗压强度随加载速率增大而增大,呈二次多项式关系,正相关性显著;随应变率提高,动抗压强度增长,两者近似指数函数关系;动应变受应变率作用明显,表现为二次增长关系;试件压缩破坏时的破碎程度随冲击速率增大而增大。随冲击气压增加,试件破裂面逐渐增多,吸收能量也越多,破碎程度加剧,碎块尺寸减小。

Electrochemical biosensors for point-of-care testing

Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.

Aquifer Test求群孔抽水试验水文地质参数

在水文地质条件复杂的地区,往往采用大型的群孔抽水试验充分揭露含水层特征,获取水文地质参数。用Aquifer Test软件求解水文地质参数,则方便实用、简捷高效,可快速输出拟合图形和求参结果。Aquifer Test提供了丰富的求参方案,求参必须结合当地当时的水文地质条件实际情况考虑,选择适合的方案和时空数据求取水文地质参数。

Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test

As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much attention.This paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame structure.Different material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic performance.Floor response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical simulation.The acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are compared.The results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes.

基于摆锤加载岩杆SHPB装置的充填体动态力学特性测试方法

针对充填体试样SHPB(split Hopkinson pressure bar)试验测试中存在的透射波测量的难点问题,采用岩石长杆代替钢杆作为入射杆和透射杆的方法改进摆锤冲击加载SHPB试验系统,探讨了SHPB试验中黏弹性波的传播及波阻抗匹配问题;基于应力波在岩石杆件系统中的传播规律研究,定义了应力波在入射杆和透射杆上传播的黏性衰减系数、试样-岩杆界面的透反射衰减系数;基于Kelvin-Voigt模型,利用一维波动分析程序,得到了岩石杆件-充填体的波阻抗匹配系数与透反射衰减系数的关系;依据现场充填体特性、波阻抗匹配系数和透反射衰减系数,选取了四种岩石长杆改进摆锤冲击加载SHPB试验装置;利用一维波动分析程序,计算了岩杆的黏性系数、充填体和岩杆界面的应力和应变,分析了透射波的波形特征和信噪比,发现四种岩石与充填体波阻抗的匹配程度从好到差依次为绿砂岩、花岗岩、大理岩、玄武岩;建立了以绿砂岩为入射杆和透射杆的摆锤冲击加载SHPB试验系统,开展了充填体的动态冲击试验,验证了试样中的应力平衡。

不同形状子弹在SHPB装置上的波形数值模拟研究

为探究不同形状子弹对加载的影响,使用LS-DYNA对14种不同形状、尺寸的子弹在SHPB装置入射杆上产生的加载波进行数值仿真,在冲击速度恒定为5 m/s的情况下,子弹对相同尺寸(50 mm)入射杆进行冲击,重点分析子弹产生加载波的波形。结果表明,对于等截面子弹,子弹截面尺寸不变时,随着子弹长度的增加,加载波的平台段随之变长;子弹长度不变时,随着子弹截面尺寸的增加,峰值应力也随之增加;但无论是子弹长度还是子弹的截面尺寸对上升至峰值应力所需时间几乎没有影响;对于变截面子弹,截面尺寸不变时,随着子弹尾部长度的增加,加载波的波形更接近半正弦波,峰值应力增大,加载波上升时间基本一致;当子弹尾部长度相同时,随着子弹头直径的减小,峰值应力变大,加载波上升时间基本一致。

基于SHPB的切缝药包防护特性研究

为探究定向断裂控制爆破中切缝药包对围岩的防护特性,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验对用药包材料制成的垫片防护下的花岗岩试块进行冲击,分别研究垫片与岩石间距、垫片材料和厚度因素对围岩防护效果的影响,分析在高速冲击下岩石的破碎情况和应力峰值,并建立多个切缝药包单孔爆破数值模型,通过对比不同情况下围岩损伤而进一步揭示切缝药包对围岩的防护特性机理。研究结果表明:岩石在强冲击荷载作用下严重破碎,当采用外壳垫片防护后,岩石的破碎程度有所降低。相同垫片厚度和垫片与岩石间距离固定的情况下,PVC外壳垫片防护效果要优于ABS外壳垫片。随着垫片厚度的增加和岩石与垫片间距的增加,岩石受损程度逐渐减弱,且增加垫片厚度对岩石的防护效果要优于增加岩石与垫片外壳间距的防护效果,研究成果可为控制爆破提供技术参考。

基于SHPB劈裂实验技术的岩石冲击动力学教学模式与实践

分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)是测定岩石材料在中、高应变率下动力响应行为的专业设备。为了帮助学生深刻认识和理解岩石的冲击劈裂力学特性与应力应变演化机理,聚焦岩石冲击动力学关键科学问题,将SHPB冲击劈裂实验技术引入岩石冲击动力学教学中,采用“理论+实验+讨论”的教学模式,建立教学课程的持续改进机制,解决了岩石冲击动力学理论知识学习的晦涩难懂、枯燥乏味,弥补了岩石冲击动力学理论教学的不足。可拓展学生的创新性思维以培养学生提出和解决关键科学问题的能力。

碳化硅试件的SHPB试验数值模拟与分析

采用ABAQUS软件对碳化硅试件的分离式霍普金森压杆试验(SHPB)进行有限元仿真,模拟冲击载荷下碳化硅试件的损伤演变过程,得到不同应变率下碳化硅试件的应力-应变曲线。仿真结果表明,碳化硅试件在受到压杆冲击时产生拉应力和压应力,在拉应力集中的地方首先出现微观失效,当压应力超过材料的抗压强度极限时试件整体压溃;压杆对碳化硅试件做功的93.8%用于产生塑性变形;碳化硅试件具有应变率强化效应,试件的动态抗压强度随应变率的增加而上升,最大抗压强度为10551 MPa,动态弹性模量受应变率的影响较小。

Development of multi-functional anchorage support dynamic-static coupling performance test system and its application

In underground engineering with complex conditions,the bolt(cable)anchorage support system is in an environment where static and dynamic stresses coexist,under the action of geological conditions such as high stresses and strong disturbances and construction conditions such as the application of high prestress.It is essential to study the support components performance under dynamic-static coupling conditions.Based on this,a multi-functional anchorage support dynamic-static coupling performance test system(MAC system)is developed,which can achieve 7 types of testing functions,including single component performance,anchored net performance,anchored rock performance and so on.The bolt and cable mechanical tests are conducted by MAC system under different prestress levels.The results showed that compared to the non-prestress condition,the impact resistance performance of prestressed bolts(cables)is significantly reduced.In the prestress range of 50–160 k N,the maximum reduction rate of impact energy resisted by different types of bolts is 53.9%–61.5%compared to non-prestress condition.In the prestress range of 150–300 k N,the impact energy resisted by high-strength cable is reduced by76.8%–84.6%compared to non-prestress condition.The MAC system achieves dynamic-static coupling performance test,which provide an effective means for the design of anchorage support system.

C-CORE:Clustering by Code Representation to Prioritize Test Cases in Compiler Testing

Edge devices,due to their limited computational and storage resources,often require the use of compilers for program optimization.Therefore,ensuring the security and reliability of these compilers is of paramount importance in the emerging field of edge AI.One widely used testing method for this purpose is fuzz testing,which detects bugs by inputting random test cases into the target program.However,this process consumes significant time and resources.To improve the efficiency of compiler fuzz testing,it is common practice to utilize test case prioritization techniques.Some researchers use machine learning to predict the code coverage of test cases,aiming to maximize the test capability for the target compiler by increasing the overall predicted coverage of the test cases.Nevertheless,these methods can only forecast the code coverage of the compiler at a specific optimization level,potentially missing many optimization-related bugs.In this paper,we introduce C-CORE(short for Clustering by Code Representation),the first framework to prioritize test cases according to their code representations,which are derived directly from the source codes.This approach avoids being limited to specific compiler states and extends to a broader range of compiler bugs.Specifically,we first train a scaled pre-trained programming language model to capture as many common features as possible from the test cases generated by a fuzzer.Using this pre-trained model,we then train two downstream models:one for predicting the likelihood of triggering a bug and another for identifying code representations associated with bugs.Subsequently,we cluster the test cases according to their code representations and select the highest-scoring test case from each cluster as the high-quality test case.This reduction in redundant testing cases leads to time savings.Comprehensive evaluation results reveal that code representations are better at distinguishing test capabilities,and C-CORE significantly enhances testing efficiency.Across four datasets,C-CORE increases the average of the percentage of faults detected(APFD)value by 0.16 to 0.31 and reduces test time by over 50% in 46% of cases.When compared to the best results from approaches using predicted code coverage,C-CORE improves the APFD value by 1.1% to 12.3% and achieves an overall time-saving of 159.1%.

Inflow and outflow permeability tests in a very soft clay under low stresses

In situ inflow and outflow permeability tests with the BAT probe at SarapuíII soft clay test site are presented.A description of the BAT permeability test is provided,discussing its advantages and shortcomings,especially in the case of very soft clays under low stresses.Pore pressures were monitored during probe installation and were found to be slightly lower than piezocone u2 pore pressures,consistent with the position of the filter.The role of filter tip saturation was investigated after the usual saturation procedure provided an unsatisfactory pore pressure response during probe installation.Results show that the vacuum saturation procedure provides adequate response during installation and increases the reliability of the coefficient of permeability determination in early measurements.Both inflow and outflow tests yielded similar results,indicating that careful execution of the test can lead to good test repeatability regardless of the loading condition.Various sequences of alternated inflow and outflow tests have yielded similar results,indicating that soil reconsolidation and filter clogging were negligible in the tests performed.Data are presented concerning the relationship between index parameters and the in situ coefficient of permeability for SarapuíII clay,which plot outside the range of existing databases.

Real-world utility of serological tests in patients with suspected scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea:A single-center,retrospective,observational study

Objective:Serological tests are widely used for scrub typhus diagnosis;however,their limitations are evident.This study aims to assess their practical value in clinical settings.Methods:We analyzed the data of adult patients with suspected scrub typhus who visited a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea from September to December from 2019 to 2021.The included patients had an acute fever and at least one of the following ten secondary findings:myalgia,skin rash,eschar,headache,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzyme levels,lymphadenopathy,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,and pleural effusion.The diagnoses were grouped as scrub typhus or other diseases by two infectious disease physicians.Results:Among 136 patients who met the eligibility criteria,109 had scrub typhus and 27 had different diseases.Single and paired total antibodies using immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and total antibodies using immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic testing(ICT)were measured in 98%,22%,and 75%of all patients,respectively.Confirmation using paired samples for scrub typhus was established at a median of 11[interquartile range(IQR)10-16]days following the first visit.Among the 82 admitted patients,the median admission time was 9(IQR 7-13)days.According to IFA,58(55%)patients with scrub typhus had total immunoglobulin titers≥1:320,while 23(85%)patients with other disease had titers<1:320.Positive ICT results were observed in 64(74%)patients with scrub typhus and 10(67%)patients with other diseases showed negative ICT results.Conclusions:Serological testing for scrub typhus is currently insufficient for decision-making in clinical practice.

Evaluation of urea breath test as a diagnostic tool for Helicobacter pylori infection in adult dyspeptic patients

In this editorial,we discuss the article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The article conducts a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the urea breath test(UBT),a non-invasive method for detecting Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection in humans.It is based on radionuclide-labeled urea.Various methods,both invasive and non-invasive,are available for diagnosing H.pylori infection,inclu-ding endoscopy with biopsy,serology for immunoglobulin titers,stool antigen analysis,and UBT.Several guidelines recommend UBTs as the primary choice for diagnosing H.pylori infection and for reexamining after eradication therapy.It is used to be the first choice non-invasive test due to their high accuracy,specificity,rapid results,and simplicity.Moreover,its performance remains unaffected by the distribution of H.pylori in the stomach,allowing a high flow of patients to be tested.Despite its widespread use,the performance characteristics of UBT have been inconsistently described and remain incompletely defined.There are two UBTs available with Food and Drug Administration approval:The 13C and 14C tests.Both tests are affordable and can provide real-time results.Physicians may prefer the 13C test because it is non-radioactive,compared to 14C which uses a radioactive isotope,especially in young children and pregnant women.Although there was heterogeneity among the studies regarding the diagnostic accuracy of both UBTs,13C-UBT consistently outperforms the 14C-UBT.This makes the 13C-UBT the preferred diagnostic approach.Furthermore,the provided findings of the meta-analysis emphasize the significance of precise considerations when choosing urea dosage,assessment timing,and measurement techniques for both the 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT,to enhance diagnostic precision.

Urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori infection in adult dyspeptic patients: A meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been well-established as a significant risk factor for several gastrointestinal disorders.The urea breath test(UBT)has emerged as a leading non-invasive method for detecting H.pylori.Despite numerous studies confirming its substantial accuracy,the reliability of UBT results is often compromised by inherent limitations.These findings underscore the need for a rigorous statistical synthesis to clarify and reconcile the diagnostic accuracy of the UBT for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection.AIM To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT for H.pylori infection in adult patients with dyspepsia.METHODS We conducted an independent search of the PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central databases until April 2022.Our search included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated at least one of the index tests(^(13)C-UBT or ^(14)C-UBT)against a reference standard.We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess the methodo-logical quality of the studies.We utilized the bivariate random-effects model to calculate sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative test likelihood ratios(LR+and LR-),as well as the diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),and their 95%confidence intervals.We conducted subgroup analyses based on urea dosing,time after urea administration,and assessment technique.To investigate a possible threshold effect,we conducted Spearman correlation analysis,and we generated summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curves to assess heterogeneity.Finally,we visually inspected a funnel plot and used Egger’s test to evaluate publication bias.endorsing both as reliable diagnostic tools in clinical practice.CONCLUSION In summary,our study has demonstrated that ^(13)C-UBT has been found to outperform the ^(14)C-UBT,making it the preferred diagnostic approach.Additionally,our results emphasize the significance of carefully considering urea dosage,assessment timing,and measurement techniques for both tests to enhance diagnostic precision.Nevertheless,it is crucial for researchers and clinicians to evaluate the strengths and limitations of our findings before implementing them in practice.