Passability test and simulation of sand control string with natural gas hydrates completion in large curvature hole

To meet the requirements of marine natural gas hydrate exploitation,it is necessary to improve the penetration of completion sand control string in the large curvature borehole.In this study,large curvature test wells were selected to carry out the running test of sand control string with pre-packed screen.Meanwhile,the running simulation was performed by using the Landmark software.The results show that the sand control packer and screen can be run smoothly in the wellbore with a dogleg angle of more than 20°/30 m and keep the structure stable.Additionally,the comprehensive friction coefficient is 0.4,under which and the simulation shows that the sand control string for hydrate exploitation can be run smoothly.These findings have important guiding significance for running the completion sand control string in natural gas hydrate exploitation.

Multistring analysis of wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells

This paper presents a theoretical method and a finite element method to describe wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells.Parameters considered in the theoretical method include operating load during drilling and completion and the temperature field,pressure field and the end effect of pressure during gas production.The finite element method for multistring analysis is developed to simulate random contact between casings.The relevant finite element analysis scheme is also presented according to the actual procedures of drilling,completion and gas production.Finally,field cases are presented and analyzed using the proposed methods.These are four offshore wells in the South China Sea.The calculated wellhead growths during gas production are compared with measured values.The results show that the wellhead subsides during drilling and completion and grows up during gas production.The theoretical and finite element solutions for wellhead growth are in good agreement with measured values and the deviations of calculation are within 10％.The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented intermediate casing occurs during the running of the oil tube.The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented production casing,calculated with the theoretical method occurs at removing the blow-out-preventer （BOP） while that calculated with the finite element method occurs at gas production.Finite element solutions for von Mises stress are recommended and the uncemented casings of four wells satisfy strength requirements.

Progress and Development Direction of “Three-High” Oil and Gas Well Testing Technology

By reviewing the development of “three-high” oil and gas well testing technology of Sinopec in recent years, this paper systematically summarizes the application of “three-high” oil and gas well testing technology of Sinopec in engineering optimization design technology, and high temperature and high pressure testing technology, high pressure and high temperature transformation completion integration technology. Major progress has been made in seven aspects: plug removal and re-production technology of production wells in high acid gas fields;wellbore preparation technology of ultra-deep, high-pressure, and high-temperature oil and gas wells;surface metering technology;and supporting tool development technology. This paper comprehensively analyzes the challenges faced by the “three-high” oil and gas well production testing technology in four aspects: downhole tools, production testing technology, safe production testing, and the development of low-cost production test tools. Four development directions are put forward: 1) Improve ultra-deep oil and gas testing technology and strengthen integrated geological engineering research. 2) Deepen oil and gas well integrity evaluation technology to ensure the life cycle of oil and gas wells. 3) Carry out high-end, customized, and intelligent research on oil test tools to promote the low-cost and efficient development of ultra deep reservoirs. 4) Promote the fully automatic control of the surface metering process to realize the safe development of “three-high” reservoirs.

TEST STUDY OF DETECTING OIL AND GAS BY USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE

Ⅰ The Indexes of Detecting Oil and Gas Resources The deeply buried reservoir which in a dynamic equilibrium state has a great pressure inside, and between it and earth surface there is a great difference of pressure. Therefore the hydrocarbon must spread and move vertically to the surface along the pressure gradient orientation. Hydrocarbons in the reservoir along some small rifts, cracks, joints and cleavages penetrate the overlying strata and seepage onto the surface. Thus the hydrocarbons become unvisble oil and gas signs. This process is called the phenomena of hydrocarbon microseepage of reservoir. Hydrocarbons microseepage in the process

Exploration of Complicated Oil and Gas Fields

Complicated oil and gas fields occupy an important position in oil and gas exploration. In this paper, complicated oil and gas fields are grouped into four types: fault-block, lithologic, stratigraphic and fissure types. On the basis of the new theory of petroleum geological exploration in composite oil and gas accumulation areas within continental basins, a new exploration sequence suitable for complicated oil and gas fields has been established, which comprises four stages:(1) initial exploration;(2) preliminary exploration;(3) early step-by-step exploration and development: and(4) late step-by-step exploration and development. The idea of cybernetics has been taken to control various links of a systematic exploration project so as to fully, effectively and comprehensively utilize the new exploration techniques, eventually realizing the optimization of exploration with the aim of raising the efficiency of exploration of complicated oil and gas fields.

Application of wellhead suction anchor technology in the second production test of natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea

Traditional suction anchor technology is mainly used in the fields of subsea structure bearing foundations,single-point mooring systems and offshore wind power.It is characterized by providing sufficient lateral and vertical bearing capacities and lateral bending moment.The anchor structure of a traditional suction anchor structure is improved with wellhead suction anchor technology,where a central pipe is added as a channel for drilling and completion operations.To solve the technical problems of a low wellhead bearing capacity,shallow built-up depth,and limited application of conductor jetting in the second production test of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)in the South China Sea(SCS),the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in independently designing and manufacturing a wellhead suction anchor,which fulfilled the requirements of the production test.This novel anchor was successfully implemented in the second production test for the first time,providing a stable wellhead foundation for the success of the second production test of NGHs in the SCS.

Prediction of wax precipitation region in wellbore during deep water oil well testing

During deep water oil well testing, the low temperature environment is easy to cause wax precipitation, which affects the normal operation of the test and increases operating costs and risks. Therefore, a numerical method for predicting the wax precipitation region in oil strings was proposed based on the temperature and pressure fields of deep water test string and the wax precipitation calculation model. And the factors affecting the wax precipitation region were analyzed. The results show that: the wax precipitation region decreases with the increase of production rate, and increases with the decrease of geothermal gradient, increase of water depth and drop of water-cut of produced fluid, and increases slightly with the increase of formation pressure. Due to the effect of temperature and pressure fields, wax precipitation region is large in test strings at the beginning of well production. Wax precipitation region gradually increases with the increase of shut-in time. These conclusions can guide wax prevention during the testing of deep water oil well, to ensure the success of the test.

Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the formation and dissociation process of nature gas hydrate in sandstone

In this work,the authors monitored the formation and dissociation process of methane hydrate in four different rock core samples through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation time(T_(2))and 2D imaging measurement.The result shows that the intensity of T_(2) spectra and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)signals gradually decreases in the hydrate formation process,and at the same time,the T_(2) spectra move toward the left domain as the growth of hydrate in the pores of the sample accelerates the decay rate.The hydrate grows and dissociates preferentially in the purer sandstone samples with larger pore size and higher porosity.Significantly,for the sample with lower porosity and higher argillaceous content,the intensity of the T_(2) spectra also shows a trend of a great decrease in the hydrate formation process,which means that high-saturation gas hydrate can also be formed in the sample with higher argillaceous content.The changes in MRI of the sample in the process show that the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate can reshape the distribution of water in the pores.

Research on Well Testing Interpretation of Low Permeability Deformed Dual Medium Reservoir

Considering the influence of quadratic gradient term and medium deformation on the seepage equation, a well testing interpretation model for low permeability and deformation dual medium reservoirs was derived and established. The difference method was used to solve the problem, and pressure and pressure derivative double logarithmic curves were drawn to analyze the seepage law. The research results indicate that the influence of starting pressure gradient and medium deformation on the pressure characteristic curve is mainly manifested in the middle and late stages. The larger the value, the more obvious the upward warping of the pressure and pressure derivative curve;the parameter characterizing the dual medium is the crossflow coefficient. The channeling coefficient determines the time and location of the appearance of the “concave”. The smaller the value, the later the appearance of the “concave”, and the more to the right of the “concave”.

Contract for Oil/Gas Testing Signed Between Jinlonghua & Esso

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Geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin

We investigated the geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin to better understand their cause.The structural situation,the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and unsuccessful well data collected from 1996 to 2005 were studied.The results show that the main geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells are a lack of effective source rocks and a lack of effective traps,as well as the migration-accumulation conditions that exist in this area.The basin was reformed by Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution.Multi-stage tectonic activities have both positive and negative effects on hydrocarbon accumulation.Source rocks distribution,effective migration channels,effective traps and the tectonic evolution effects on hydrocarbons should be the key objects for further studies.

基于停泵压降数据的页岩气井单段裂缝参数反演——以长宁N209井区页岩气井为例

水平井多级分段多簇压裂是页岩气藏有效开发的关键技术,准确评价缝网参数是开展压裂效果评估、压裂工艺优化和压后产能预测等工作的重要前提.传统页岩气井压裂裂缝参数表征主要采用裂缝扩展模拟与现场监测等手段,对压裂施工停泵压降曲线的信息挖掘与利用不足.采用数字滤波方法消除停泵压降数据的水锤波动,利用分形裂缝表征页岩气井压裂缝网,结合数值试井分析实现了单段裂缝参数反演,建立了一套基于停泵压降数据的缝网参数反演工作流程.该成果在长宁公司N209井区压裂井成功应用,并对裂缝参数评价结果与一体化压裂模拟和产气剖面测试等反演结果进行了验证.结果表明,基于停泵阶段压降数据的单段裂缝参数反演结果显著提升了参数解释精度,有助于揭示页岩气井段间产气能力差异的原因;气井产能与裂缝总长和裂缝表面积的相关性明显高于利用广域电磁法确定的压裂改造体积,其中,早期日产气量与总缝长相关性最高;预计最终回收率与裂缝表面积相关性最高;缝网总长与单簇压裂液规模强线性相关,反映了长宁区块页岩气井压裂工艺2.0的技术先进性.获取页岩气井单段裂缝参数可为产能主控因素分析和压裂效果评价提供更加有效的分析指标.

B301试验区油井结蜡主控因素及对策

B301试验区位于H盆地,该试验区目前油井结蜡现象严重,防蜡效果较差,防蜡措施有效期较短,无法满足油井防蜡的需要,亟需找到影响油井结蜡的主控因素。针对上述问题,通过室内实验对产出液中的蜡质、胶质、沥青质和机械杂质含量进行测定。利用Olga数值模拟软件对温度、压力、流速进行模拟。研究表明:蜡质、沥青质、机械杂质含量以及温度、流速为影响B301试验区油井井筒结蜡的主控因素,影响程度强弱依次为蜡质、温度、沥青质、机械杂质、流速。研究成果可为B301试验区进一步高效开发提供理论与技术基础,为高含蜡油藏防蜡方法提供参考。

无线射频压裂滑套系统模拟试验研究

将无线射频识别(RFID)技术应用到油水井压裂中,能够很好地解决现有压裂滑套存在的压裂级数受限、操作非智能等诸多问题。因井下工况复杂,理论分析与实际应用差别较大,为进一步系统地探究井下无线射频系统的开发应用,使用三维软件设计无线射频滑套模拟试验台,对标签的运动状态进行理论分析,并建立室内模拟试验平台,系统地进行井下相关试验。试验结果表明:标签选择有铁氧体磁芯,且天线绕制形式选用单层螺线管线圈,可以提高整个系统的性能;在系统电感值相同的情况下,单层螺线管天线轴向长度对阅读器模块能识别的标签最大通过速度有积极的影响;标签天线线圈与阅读器天线线圈平面之间的角度也会影响标签的识别率。研究结果对井下无线射频系统的开发应用具有一定的指导作用。

苏北盆地页岩油注水吞吐增产实践与认识

苏北盆地金湖凹陷BG区块页岩油压裂后产量递减快、开发效果差,衰竭开发后期如何有效提高单井评估的最终可采储量是能够效益开发的关键。国内外通常采用CO_(2)吞吐的方法进行后期增产,但由于成本较高,效果差异较大,并未广泛使用。在结合BG区块地质特征的基础上,通过岩心核磁、扫描电镜、试井分析等方法开展页岩油注水吞吐增产机理研究,明确了注水吞吐具有大幅提高渗吸动用孔隙(1~100nm)中页岩油、改善页岩油储层孔渗条件的作用,结合苏北盆地页岩油较好的亲水性、含油性、储层裂缝较为发育三大特点,提出页岩油注水吞吐技术手段,并开展矿场试验。截至目前,2口试验井累计增油量超过7600t,具有较好的应用前景和经济效益,对苏北盆地页岩油衰竭开采后期低成本效益增产具有指导意义。

浅薄层稠油油藏串珠状剩余油动用对策及矿场试验

河南油田浅薄层稠油油藏进入蒸汽吞吐后期开发阶段,地下剩余油呈现“串珠状”的空间分布形态,利用现有直井井网继续应用组合蒸汽吞吐技术难以有效动用地下剩余油。提出采取部署加密水平井控制“串珠状”剩余油,与原有直井协同实施注蒸汽开采提高采收率的技术策略,并在井楼油田部署一口加密水平井,与原井网的直井构成试验井组开展矿场试验,加密水平井吞吐三个周期,累计油汽比0.31、累计产油1192 t,取得了较好的效果,证实井间剩余油富集区含油状况好,并且出油温度较高,原油地下流动能力增强,转第二阶段蒸汽驱的条件已经成熟。该研究为延长浅薄层稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后的生命期提供了一种新的技术选择。

深度学习网络在非常规油气开发中的应用研究

以深度学习为代表的人工智能已被公认为是石油勘探开发技术转型升级的关键核心技术。借助深度学习强大的学习能力,试井解释正在向模型自动识别及试井自动解释方向快速演化;早期的产量预测多基于已知的特征,从实测数据中自动提取特征的研究引发关注,仅基于井口压力的产量预测已取得积极进展;以多点地质统计为基础的数字岩心重建方法正被生成对抗网络所取代,但如何满足裂缝、孔隙度及渗透率等约束仍是难题;偏微分方程求解正经历着颠覆性变化,基于非线性方程的传统求解方法正迎来智能求解时代。基于物理本质,单一的神经网络结构正在向复杂网络结构演化。随着人工智能技术的不断发展,大型模型将成未来趋势。因此,相关研究多头并进,加强数据收集,构建大型模型,是我国未来智慧油气开发的核心任务。

基于停泵压降曲线的压裂窜扰效果定量评价--以吉木萨尔页岩油平台井为例

针对目前缺乏压裂窜扰效果定量评价方法的难题,创新提出一套基于停泵压降曲线的压裂窜扰效果诊断分析方法。结合井组拉链式压裂工艺,提出了4种典型窜扰模式下的停泵压降曲线,用以诊断压裂窜扰类型。选取吉木萨尔页岩油A平台6个典型压裂窜扰段开展实例应用,通过与微地震监测结果对比,验证了方法的有效性。在此基础上,利用压降试井解释方法对吉木萨尔“新井组内部压窜”和“新老井间压窜”两种典型的停泵压降曲线开展拟合分析,反演解释缝网参数。解释结果表明,新井组内部压窜使主次裂缝的改造效果均受到影响,具体影响效果因窜扰类型的不同而存在差异;新老井间压窜主要影响主裂缝的改造效果,导致缝网由“长宽”向“短窄”转变,有效体积降低28%,整体改造效果变差。

MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY OF CONDENSATE OIL AND GAS WELLS STIMULATED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING

In this article, the recent research achievements on the theory and technology of condensate oil and gas wells stimulated by electromagnetic induction heating during middle or late exploitation period were introduced for the first time at home and abroad. A new kind of electromagnetic wave induction heating equipment XAEMH-1 was developed. Taking near wellbore zone temperature field as the main research object, which is the key factor for the condensation and retrograde vaporization during electromagnetic heating, the mathematical simulation model for a condensate oil and gas well stimulated by electromagnetic heating to eliminate blockage near wellbore region was established. A corresponding computer system was developed to dynamically predict and evaluate the efficiency of this electromagnetic heating process. Through this computer system, the near wellbore region distributions of several important factors such as temperature, pressure, condensate oil saturation and relative permeability can be described quantitatively. A condensate gas well in a late exploitation period reservoir here in China was chosen as a practical example to test the effectiveness of this new technology and some satisfactory results were obtained. These results proved that it is feasible to eliminate the near wellbore region blockage by electromagnetic heating. A new prospective stimulation method was given for the condensate oil and gas reservoirs during middle or late exploitation period.

大庆致密储层水平井密切割穿层提产增效压裂试验

大庆致密油储层为陆相沉积,主要发育有扶余和高台子油层。扶余油层存在单井产量低、采出程度低、产量递减快等问题,同时扶余油层水平井钻出层情况比较普遍;某区块完钻20口井,其中11口井平均砂岩钻遇率仅40.7%,常规压裂储量损失大。为此,开展大庆致密油储层水平井密集切割穿层压裂提产增效试验,提高储量动用程度,实现井筒的立体改造;开展钻遇储层段密集切割+钻出层段穿层压裂优化设计,优化储层段簇距9.0~10.5 m,穿层段簇距20~24 m,根据致密油穿层标准优化参数,优选伽马值低、储隔层应力差值低、隔层厚度小的位置进行穿层压裂布缝,同时应用压前测试压裂诊断和现场施工控制技术,保证穿层成功率,优选一体化滑溜水压裂液体系,保证基质到裂缝、裂缝到井筒油气流通全通道的畅通,大幅降低储层伤害和施工成本。