Aging effect and test-retest reliability of the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test and velocity step test using nanotorque rotatory chair

Introduction:Rotatory chair testing has been used to evaluate horizontal canal function.Frequently used tests include sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test(SHAT)and velocity step test(VST).Objectives:Assessment of age effect on the SHAT and VST and assessment of test-retest reliability of the parameters of those two tests.Methods:A prospective study was performed on 100 subjects with no ear or vestibular complaints and normal vestibular evaluation.They were divided into two groups;Group A:below 50 years of age and Group B:50 years of age or above.SHAT was presented at frequencies 0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64 Hz with a peak velocity of 60°/s.VST was performed using a maximum velocity of 100°/s with acceleration and deceleration of 200°/s2.Thirty subjects were tested twice to assess reliability.Results:Study participants ranged in age from 20 to 67 years.Regarding group A,the mean age was30.92±7.31 and 55.36±4.61 for group B.No significant differences were found in SHAT parameters between the two groups.As well,there was no significant difference in VST per-rotatory time constant,however,post-rotatory time constant was significantly longer for Group B(P value<0.05).Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)values showed moderate to good reliability(ICC 0.5800.818)for SHAT parameters for the lower frequencies and indicated moderate reliability for VST time constant(ICC 0.5090.652).Conclusions:Age has no significant effect on the parameters of SHAT and VST.Test-retest reliability is generally good for both tests.

Test-retest reliability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form(MNA-SF)in older patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation

Malnutrition is described as a state of insufficient intake of energy,protein and other nutrients leading to changes in body composition(weight loss,reduced fat-free mass)as well as adverse functional and clinical outcomes.[1]Depending on the assessments and definition used,the prevalence in older patients ranges between 12%in communitydwelling adults to 60%of patients in geriatric care facilities.[2–5]Older populations are at high risk of nutritional deficiencies because of risk factors such as multimorbidity,polypharmacy,cognitive and physical decline,poor appetite,depressive syndromes and socioeconomic changes.[4,6].

Test-Retest Reliability, Convergent Validity and Practice Effects of the RBANS in a Memory Clinic Setting: A Pilot Study

This pilot study examined the psychometric properties and clinical utility of a brief neuropsychological instrument (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The test-retest reliability, practice effects and convergent validity of RBANS were examined in participants without objective cognitive impairment. The tests were administered at two time points at approximately a two weeks’ interval, with 30 cognitively intact participants with a mean age of 63.3 ± 5.8 years. Adequate test-retest reliabilities were found for RBANS subtests, index and total scale scores with significant gain scores in immediate memory and visuospatial function. The RBANS showed good convergent validity and the RBANS supplemented with executive and language measures (Colour Trails Test and 30-item modified Boston Naming Test, respectively) demonstrated excellent convergent validity with a formal neuropsychological battery. This pilot study has provided the preliminary evidence of reliability and convergent validity of the RBANS. Additionally, it also provides insight on the practice effects so that clinicians may assess significant changes in RBANS subtests and domain indexes for clinical practice.

Test-retest strength reliability of the Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer (EPPD) in the measurement of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles on a new chair

Background: Test-retest strength reliability of the Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer (EPPD) in the measurement of the extensor and flexor muscles on a new constructed chair. The objective of the study was to assess reliability of Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer in the measurement of the knee flexion and extension at 90° and 60° on a new constructed chair. The aims of the author: To assess reliability of Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer in the measurement of the knee flexion and extension at 90° and 60° on a new constructed chair. Design: A test-retest reliability study. Subjects: One hundred healthy students male and female (mean age, 21y). Methods: Maximum isometric strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups was measured using the EPPD were recorded at 60° and 90° for 3 trials on 2 occasions. Reliability was assessed with the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean and standard deviation (SD) of measurements, and smallest real differences were calculated for the maximum and for the mean and work of the 3 repetitions. Results: Mean strength ranged from 50.44 kg for knee flexion to 55.76 kg for knee extension 50.44 kg to 61.98 kg at 90° hip flexion. Test-retest reliability Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. ICCs for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.780 to 0.998. Conclusions: The results of the reliability study indicate that the EPPD in reliable dynamometer to use in determining lower limb muscle force production. It can be used to measure disease progression and to evaluate changes in knee extension and flexion strength at the individual patient level.

Test-Retest Reliability of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation for a Vergence Eye Movement Task

Vergence eye movements are the inward and outward rotation of the eyes responsible for binocular coordination.While studies have mapped and investigated the neural substrates of vergence,it is not well understood whether vergence eye movements evoke the blood oxygen level-dependent signal reliably in separate experimental visits.The test-retest reliability of stimulus-induced vergence eye movement tasks during a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)experiment is important for future randomized clinical trials(RCTs).In this study,we established region of interest(ROI)masks for the vergence neural circuit.Twenty-seven binocularly normal young adults participated in two functional imaging sessions measured on different days on the same 3 T Siemens scanner.The fMRI experiments used a block design of sustained visual fixation and rest blocks interleaved between task blocks that stimulated eight or four vergence eye movements.The test-retest reliability of task-activation was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),and that of spatial extent was assessed using the Dice coefficient.Functional activation during the vergence eye movement task of eight movements compared to rest was repeatable within the primary visual cortex(ICC=0.8),parietal eye fields(ICC=0.6),supplementary eye field(ICC=0.5),frontal eye fields(ICC=0.5),and oculomotor vermis(ICC=0.6).The results demonstrate significant test-retest reliability in the ROIs of the vergence neural substrates for functional activation magnitude and spatial extent using the stimulus protocol of a task block stimulating eight vergence eye movements compared to sustained fixation.These ROIs can be used in future longitudinal RCTs to study patient populations with vergence dysfunctions.

头皮脑电重测信度的研究进展

近年来,许多研究应用头皮脑电探讨心理过程的认知神经机制,相关研究高度重视脑电信号的重测信度。基于脑电图开发评估人脑功能的实验方法,是否具有高重测信度备受关注。综述脑电重测信度的主要影响因素,关注脑电基础实验流程对重测信度的影响,为此,首先介绍脑电重测信度的常用测量方法;其次概述该领域实验方法的研究进展,包括实验设计、数据处理、特征选择和被试群体构建等,其中重点阐述脑电数据分析方法对重测信度的影响,揭示提高脑电信号信噪比和建立标准化预处理流程是改善脑电重测信度的重要途径;最后,从实验范式和特征/指标的选择上提出了提高脑电研究重测信度的途径,并展望了脑电重测研究的发展前景。

Frequency-Resolved Connectome Hubs and Their Test-Retest Reliability in the Resting Human Brain

Functional hubs with disproportionately extensive connectivities play a crucial role in global information integration in human brain networks.However,most resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(R-fMRI)studies have identified functional hubs by examining spontaneous fluctuations of the blood oxygen level-dependent signal within a typical low-frequency band(e.g.,0.01–0.08 Hz or 0.01–0.1 Hz).Little is known about how the spatial distributions of functional hubs depend on frequency bands of interest.Here,we used repeatedly measured R-fMRI data from 53 healthy young adults and a degree centrality analysis to identify voxelwise frequency-resolved functional hubs and further examined their test-retest reliability across two sessions.We showed that a wide-range frequency band(0.01–0.24 Hz)accessible with a typical sampling rate(fsample=0.5 Hz)could be classified into three frequency bands with distinct patterns,namely,low-frequency(LF,0.01–0.06 Hz),middle-frequency(MF,0.06–0.16 Hz),and high-frequency(HF,0.16–0.24 Hz)bands.The functional hubs were mainly located in the medial and lateral frontal and parietal cortices in the LF band,and in the medial prefrontal cortex,superior temporal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,amygdala,and several cerebellar regions in the MF and HF bands.These hub regions exhibited fair to good test-retest reliability,regardless of the frequency band.The presence of the three frequency bands was well replicated using an independent R-fMRI dataset from 45 healthy young adults.Our findings demonstrate reliable frequency-resolved functional connectivity hubs in three categories,thus providing insights into the frequency-specific connectome organization in healthy and disordered brains.

Test re-test reliability of virtual acoustic space identification (VASI) test in young adults with normal hearing

Background:Recent developments in virtual acoustic technology has levered promising applications in the field of auditory sciences,especially in spatial perception.While conventional auditory spatial assessment using loudspeakers,interaural differences and/or questionnaires are limited by the availability and cost of instruments,the use of virtual acoustic space identification(VASI)test has widespread applications in spatial test battery as it overcomes these constraints.Purpose:The lack of test-retest reliability data of VASI test narrows its direct application in auditory spatial assessment,which is explored in the present study.Methods:Data from 75 normal-hearing young adults(mean age:25.11 y±4.65 SD)was collected in three sessions:baseline,within 15 min of baseline(intra-session),and one week after baseline session(inter-session).Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC),coefficient of variation(CV),and cluster plots.Results:The results showed excellent reliability for both accuracy and reaction time measures of VASI,with ICC values of 0.93 and 0.87,respectively.The CV values for overall VASI accuracy and reaction time 9.66% and 11.88%,respectively.This was also complemented by the cluster plot analyses,which showed 93.33% and 96.00% of temporal stability in the accuracy and reaction time measures,indicative of high test-retest reliability of VASI test in auditory spatial assessment.Conclusions:The high temporal stability(test-retest reliability)of VASI test validates its application in spatial hearing test battery.

肠易激综合征患者报告结局与生命质量测定特异性量表研究进展

肠易激综合征患者相关量表测评已经广泛应用于临床实践,如何选择合适的测评工具至关重要。基于此,本文采用文献检索方法搜索与肠易激综合征有关的特异性量表,总结其主要内容和测量学特性并提出量表选择建议。共计检索到37个肠易激综合征患者常用的生命质量测定相关特异性量表,目前已证实现有的肠易激综合征特异性量表具有较好的信度、效度和反应度,能较好地运用于临床实践中,建议医学及相关科研人员应根据不同研究目的和内容选择相应的量表。

脑电的重测信度:在多项静息态和任务态实验中的对比

基于脑电探讨心理过程的认知神经机制,需要信号本身具有良好的重测信度。本研究多角度对比了睁眼、闭眼两种静息态脑电以及精神运动警觉任务、Oddball两种任务态事件相关电位的重测信度。发现静息态的重测信度普遍优于任务态,其中闭眼静息态又比睁眼静息态的重测信度更高,alpha频段的重测信度在所有频段中最高。对于两种任务态,在时域上均表现为刺激出现后200 ms左右较高的重测信度。在空间上, 5种状态的结果都表明中央区域比外周区域的重测信度更高,这可能与外周区域更容易出现伪迹有关。本研究涉及多个静息态和任务态脑电实验,在频域、时域、空域三个维度的特征上,较为全面地对比了重测信度并分析了可能的原因,为后续研究脑电信号重测信度选择合适的实验范式和指标提出了建议,对于基础和临床领域的脑电应用都具有重要参考价值。

分析血小板假性减低或升高的原因及复检规则修改

目的 探讨我院血细胞分析仪XN-2000导致血小板结果假性减低和升高的原因,发现血小板复检规则的不足,并对血小板复检规则加以修改。方法 选取我院2019年2月-2021年4月门诊及住院145例首次采取仪器检测血小板并出现异常的患者,分析原因,采取纠正方法,进而发现原有血小板复检规则的不足并加以修改。结果 对145例患者的首次血小板假性减少和升高的原因进行分析发现,标本采集不畅50例,小凝块为6例,乙二胺四乙酸盐依赖性血小板假性减少27例,标本未充分混匀9例,大血小板28例,计数结果与临床症状不符11例,小红细胞、红细胞碎片干扰14例。纠正后的结果与首次仪器结果相比较均有明显差异,P值均小于0.05。结论 根据145例患者的血小板假性减少和假性升高的原因分析,发现原有的血小板复检规则已不能满足需求,本研究对我院原有的血小板复检规则进行了修改,以防止误检、漏检,力争满足血细胞分析的需求。

量表条目筛选的统计学方法研究

目的 研究量表条目筛选的统计学方法 ,重点考察克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法的功能。方法 除离散程度法、相关系数法等常用方法外新增克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法从内部一致性和稳定性角度对老年人生存质量量表条目池中的条目进行筛选。结果 将多种方法选中的条目保留下来形成世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表的老年人模块 ,克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法能使内部一致性和稳定性较好的条目入选。结论 以往常用的 4种方法有助于选择代表性、独立性和区分性较好的条目 ,克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法则从内部一致性和稳定性角度选择较好的条目 ,建议与前4种方法结合起来运用于条目筛选。

渥太华自我伤害调查表中文版信效度研究

目的对渥太华自我伤害调查表中文版的信效度进行评价。方法对163名上海在校学生和20例临床就诊患者应用渥太华自我伤害调查表中文版进行调查,评价该问卷的重测信度和内部一致性信度。结果除抵制非自杀性自伤（NSSI）行为最有效方式中＂做任何可以让双手忙碌起来的事情＂条目外,其他所有条目的重测信度系数均在0.400以上,总体重测信度较佳;功能分量表的内部一致性Cronbach＇sα系数为0.952,其4个因子的内部一致性Cronbach＇sα系数范围为0.637~0.896。因子分析中共提取6个因子,解释总变异的75.0%。结论渥太华自我伤害调查表中文版具有较好的重测信度和结构效度,可用于有关NSSI行为特征和原因等内容的调查。

Jamar握力器对老年男性的重测信度和测量误差

目的分析Jamar握力器在老年人握力测量时的重测信度和测量误差。方法40位老年志愿者,平均年龄(82.2±8.4)岁。接受间隔1周共2次Jamar握力器测量握力。结果组内相关系数为0.99。测量标准误(SEM、SEM%)为1.18～1.69、4.11%～6.41%;个案最小真实改善程度值(SRD、SRD%)为3.27～4.68、11.39%～17.75%;Bland-Altman分析显示没有系统误差。结论在老年男性中,Jamar握力器具有良好的重测信度与可接受的测量误差。

中文版简明疼痛量表在癌症患者中内在一致性和重测信度分析

目的探讨中文版简明疼痛量表在癌症患者中的内在一致性和重测信度。方法 50例癌症患者参与本研究。在上午和下午由护士各自独立地应用中文版简明疼痛量表对患者进行调查,检验简明疼痛量表的内在一致性和重测信度。结果内在一致性统计分析结果显示,在前后两次调查中简明疼痛量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.954和0.958。简明疼痛量表的12个项目Cronbach′sα系数范围为0.947-0.961。重测信度统计分析结果显示,简明疼痛量表12个项目的 ICC值范围在0.774-0.89之间。结论中文版简明疼痛量表具有良好的内在一致性和重测信度。

老年人生存质量量表条目的初步筛选

目的 :对世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表老年人模块条目池中的条目用 6种方法进行筛选 ,考察克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法的功能。方法 :利用多阶段抽样的方法收集资料 ,除离散程度法、相关系数法等常用方法外新增克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法从内部一致性和稳定性角度筛选条目。结果 :将多种方法选中的条目保留下来形成世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表的老年人模块 ,克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法能使内部一致性和稳定性较好的条目入选。结论 :以往常用的 4种方法有助于选择代表性、独立性和区分性较好的条目 ,克朗巴赫系数法和重测系数法则从内部一致性和稳定性角度选择较好的条目 ,建议与前 4种方法结合起来运用于条目筛选。

汉语单音节测听表在北京听力正常人群中的复测信度评估

目的评价22张等价的单音节测听表在正常人群中的复测信度,以利于采用该言语测听材料时得出合理可靠的结论。方法招募北京22名18～30岁耳科正常人,在10 dB HLSpeech强度下,以拉丁方实验设计方案,依次进行22张单音节表的识别率测试。间隔6～35天,在完全相同的条件下重新进行第二轮次的识别率测试。结果两轮测试的识别率分别为74.0%±12.2%和72.4%±10.3%,经配对t检验显示P=0.000152。逐表汇总两轮测试得分的差值,统计该差值在22名受试者中的标准差为9.3%,转化成95%置信度下的临界差值(crit-ical difference)为18.3%。两轮测试得分的相关系数为0.684。结论正常人使用该套单音节测听表进行有关言语工程的评价研究时,同一受试者前后两次识别率之差只有高于18.3%时,方可认为处置有效。

健康成人等张肌力测试的重测信度研究

目的:研究等张肌力测试系统所测健康成年人股四头肌、腘绳肌等张肌力各项参数的重测信度,为等张肌力测试的临床推广应用提供基础依据。方法:成年人20名,分别对左右侧股四头肌、腘绳肌进行等张肌力测试,1周后在一天内的同一时间由同一施测者进行重复测试。以组内相关系数(intraclasscorrelationcoefficient,ICC)检验重测信度,α≥0.4视为可信。结果:除左侧股四头肌及右侧腘绳肌疲劳系数的ICC<0.4外,其他参数(包括左右侧股四头肌和腘绳肌前后两次向心/离心收缩最大输出功率、平均最大输出功率、最大输出功率所处平均位置、平均输出功率、最大收缩速率、平均最大收缩速率、最大力量、平均最大力量及总功)前后两次测量的ICC均≥0.4。结论:使用等张肌力测试系统进行等张肌力的测试与评价,具有稳定、可靠、易于操作的特点,是徒手肌力检查的数字化补充,在临床推广应用方面有一定的价值。

疲劳量表在癌症患者应用中内在一致性和重测信度的研究

目的探讨中文版简明疲劳量表在癌症患者应用中的内在一致性和重测信度。方法50例癌症患者参与本研究。在上午和下午由护士各自独立地应用中文版简明疲劳量表对患者进行调查,以检验简明疲劳量表的内在一致性和重测信度。结果内在一致性统计分析结果显示,在前后两次调查中简明疲劳量表的Cronbach’sα系数均为0.944;简明疲劳量表的9个项目Cronbach’sα系数范围为0.929～0.944。重测信度统计分析结果显示,简明疲劳量表9个项目的ICC值范围为0.742～0.869。结论中文版简明疲劳量表具有良好的内在一致性和重测信度,本研究为癌症患者应用中文版简明疲劳量表提供了参考依据。

《药品质量抽查检验管理办法》与《药品质量抽查检验管理规定》中检验和复验内容的对比分析

目的:为药品抽检工作相关人员理解并执行《药品质量抽查检验管理办法》中的新要求提供参考。方法:对比《药品质量抽查检验管理办法》和《药品质量抽查检验管理规定》中对检验和复验工作的要求,分析修订或新增内容并提出实施建议。结果与结论:针对药品监管需要,在《药品质量抽查检验管理规定》的基础上,《药品质量抽查检验管理办法》对检验和复验工作的相关要求进行了修订和补充。在对检验工作的要求中,该办法修订了检验项目要求,明确了检验时限要求,新增了检验报告、原始记录、质量管理体系要求以及“严重风险”的定义及报告要求,对检验机构提出了开展探索性研究的要求,并新增了检验机构和检验人员行为要求。在对复验工作的要求中,该办法修订了申请复验应提交的资料,增加了经办人身份证明、时限证明,修订了不得复验的情况,增加了检出为明显可见异物时的处理方式,并新增了复验报告传递要求。建议药品检验工作的相关人员关注上述变更内容,加强检验能力建设,加强检验时间和检验质量管理,重视严重质量风险,积极开展探索性研究,并加强对自身检验行为的规范;严格审核复验资料,重视新修订的不得复验的情形,并应按要求和实际情况全面传递复验报告,积极执行并落实《药品质量抽验管理办法》。