Effect of Phytohormones on Adventitious Bud Differentiation from Bulb Scales of Oriental Lily Test-tube Plantlets

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.

CloneIRD:面向代码溯源的克隆代码继承关系判定方法

随着开源软件的广泛使用,代码溯源成为管理软件源代码、降低潜在风险的重要技术手段。基于代码克隆检测的大规模代码溯源分析,从其检测结果中鉴别代码克隆对之间的继承关系,对代码来源追踪、组件依赖关系分析、软件脆弱性分析以及代码缺陷修复等具有重要意义。目前,已有方法在原始代码片段存在微小修改的情况下,会产生许多误判,并且检测克隆对的效率也有待提高。针对上述问题,提出了代码溯源中克隆代码继承关系的判定方法CloneIRD,包括一个基于自研快速分布式克隆检测工具FastDCF的代码溯源分析框架,以及该框架的核心算法——基于代码演化信息的克隆代码继承关系判定算法EIHR。为验证框架和算法的有效性,首先设计并实现了CloneIRD方法,并在Linux内核V4.9和V4.12的开源代码上进行了实验。实验结果表明,CloneIRD方法能够有效判定代码溯源结果中克隆对的继承关系,且基于FastDCF的溯源分析框架能够胜任大规模代码的溯源分析任务。

2-20 Synthesis of Uniform Sizes of Uranium Dioxide Kernels by Test-tube Experimrent in the Laboratory

In the 1970s and 1980s, United States Department of Energy conducted numerous studies on the fabrication of nuclear fuel particles using the internal gelation process[1], the internal gelation process is an advanced production process for nuclear fuels. Recently, we had used these lessons learned on the internal gelation process to prepare quantities of uranium dioxide kernels of uniform sizes. This paper discusses the whole efforts of experimental processes.

马铃薯StSUT2基因启动子克隆及表达分析

植物蔗糖转运蛋白(sucrose transporter,SUT)主要介导蔗糖质外体运输,在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用。为探讨马铃薯蔗糖转运蛋白基因StSUT2的表达模式,通过TOPO定向克隆了StSUT2基因上游1700 bp启动子序列,对其进行生物信息学分析;并利用荧光定量PCR技术检测了StSUT2基因在不同组织器官、不同光照时间下的表达特性。结果表明,马铃薯StSUT2启动子区域内存在多个光响应元件以及脱落酸等激素和胁迫响应元件;StSUT2基因于光照4 h后在花和老叶中表达量较高;光照16 h后在花中表达量最高;此外,StSUT2在雄蕊和雌蕊中的表达量显著高于全花。综上,StSUT2在花器官尤其在花蕊组织的发育中发挥重要作用。研究结果可为深入研究马铃薯StSUT2的生物学功能提供参考。

数字克隆人:“跨媒介—交互”中的数字沉浸性研究——基于容积视频捕获技术的探讨

容积视频捕获(Volumetric Video)是通过光学扫描来捕捉拍摄对象并生成动静两态4D数字影像模型的前沿机器视觉技术之一。与现有的虚拟数字人不同,它生成的数字克隆人是对真人一比一的真实呈现,故而数字克隆人所具有的视觉情感与叙事场景于受众而言具有更深刻的沉浸性。本文从数字克隆人的生成逻辑、技术特性出发,深挖其背后生发的感知体验与情感投射,通过跨媒介叙事分析,结合实验室成果探索其沉浸意境与实践意义,揭示数字克隆人在经历“生产—创造”的过程后将客观形态和主观感性融合在一起,冲破了人与技术、人与审美、人与群体的边界,在虚拟世界中转化为现实的仿真。

Selection of Media for Hardwood Cuttings Container Seedling-raising of Triploid Clones of Populus tomentosa

[Objective] The experiment was aimed to select effective and economical media for container seedling of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa that was carried out. [Method] The sandy loam, peat, perlite, vermiculite, riversand, sludge were taken as media of hardwood cutting and survival rate, seedling height were taken as indexes to select media for container seedling of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa. [Result] Different mixedmedia had great influence on survival rates of container seedlings. Taking peat and vermiculite with the proportion of 5∶2 (M10) or peat ,vermiculite with the proportion of 7∶2 (M11) or sandy loam (M1) as media would generate higher cutting survival rate that was higher than 90.0%. There were significant differece in height increments of container seedlings. Taking sandy loam, peat and vermiculite with the proportion of 6∶2∶2(M5)or sandy loam (M1), seedling height of 60-days the seedling was over 37.0 cm. [Conclusion] According to cost analysis of nursery medium, the optimum medium for hardwood cuttings container seedling-raising of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa was sandy loam.

戊地昔布抑制clone 26肿瘤细胞增生及机制

目的探讨戊地昔布对小鼠肠癌clone26细胞的生长抑制作用及机制。方法用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测戊地昔布对clone26细胞生长的作用。用流氏细胞仪检测clone26细胞凋亡率和细胞周期分布。用Western blot检测clone26细胞caspase-3，PCNA和COX-2的表达．结果①戊地昔布可抑制clone26细胞生长并呈时间和浓度依赖性。②50-400μmol·L^-1戊地昔布可明显提高clone26细胞的凋亡率，从对照的3．1％提高到4．4％～11．0％。给予戊地昔布后，细胞的增殖指数，S期的细胞比例和G2／M期细胞有下降趋势，但只有在400μmol·L^-1戊地昔布组时才有统计学意义。③给予戊地昔布后，细胞PCNA的表达降低，caspase-3的表达升高，COX-2的表达没有变化。结论戊地昔布通过诱导凋亡和细胞周期停滞而抑制clone26细胞生长，小剂量时主要与凋亡有关，大剂量时与诱导凋亡和细胞周期停滞有关、Caspase-3参与戊地昔布诱导的凋亡。

Study on Tissue Culture and Effective Clone Establishment of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge

[Objective] The research aimed to study the rapid propagation technology and establish effective clone of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge. [Method] With tender stem of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge as material, the conditions needed in calluses induction and differentiation, adventitious bud differentiation and radication, test tube seedling cutting and transplantation were studied. [ Result] The results showed that the optimum medium for granulated calluses induction from tender stem was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg/L ＋2,4-D 1 -1.5 mg/L, for granulated calluses and adventitious bud differentiation was MS ＋ AgNO31.5 mg/L ＋ BA 0.4 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.1 mg/L. 1/2 MS ＋ IAA 0.6 mg/L was suitable for test tube seedling rooting and regeneration, and cinder was used as transplantation and cutting substrate. [ Conclusion]This study will provide the scientific reference for choosing the feasible medium in tissue culture of Hemistepta lyrata Bunge.

Effects of Drought Stress on Osmotic Regulation Substances of Five Catalpa bungei Clones

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances of Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] Potting experimental was carried out with plastic film sealing method, to differentiate the degrees of drought stress based on changes in soil water content and leaf water potential and investigate variations in contents of osmotic regulation substances（free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein） in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones under different degrees of drought stresses. [Result] According to changes in soil water content and leaf water potential, the whole process of drought stress was divided into normal level（CK, with soil water content of 97.49% and leaf water potential of-0.54MPa）, light drought（LD with soil water content of 59.96% and leaf water potential of-1.28 MPa）, mediate drought（MD with soil water content of 34.19% and leaf water potential of-2.32 MPa） and severe drought（SD with soil water content of 14.52%and leaf water potential of-2.99 MPa）. The soil water content and leaf water potential of five Catalpa bungei clones reached the highest correlation in exponential fitting, with an average R2of 0.989 3（P0.001）. The free proline content in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones increased rapidly with the increasing degree of drought stress（P 0.001）. To be specific, free proline contents of Catalpa bungei clones015-1 and 7080 were 34.39 and 33.41 times of the normal level under severe drought conditions, which reached an extremely significant level（P0.001）; the free proline content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 rapidly increased to（855.46±227.52） μg/g Fw under light drought conditions. The soluble protein content in leaves showed different variation trends. To be specific, the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 7080 was the lowest at various drought stages and reached（1.644 ±0.137）mg/g Fw under normal conditions; the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 was relatively high under normal conditions and was reduced rapidly under light drought conditions, showing different response patterns. [Conclusion] Osmotic regulation substances in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones all have certain response to drought stress. Free proline is the most important osmotic regulation substance, followed by soluble protein, while soluble sugar makes no significant contribution. According to changes in content of osmotic regulation substances, Catalpa bungei clone 7080 has relatively high capacity and good drought resistance, while Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 has the rapidest response to drought stress.

Study on Phenological Character in Seedling Period of Introduced Populus deltoids Clones

In order to provide directionally genetically improved breeding materials of poplar by exploring the phenological traits genetic variation level and its develop- ment potential of Populus deltoides and the resource evaluation was carried out; 8 phenological phases in seedling period were observed and analyzed of 60 Populus deltoids clones introduced from America. The results showed that： （1） there was obvious difference in phonological character among clones, especially in leaf-spread- ing peak stage and the end term of leaf-falling stage, with the largest variation co- efficient of 14.97% and the minimum of 3.83% respectively. （2） Leaf-spreading peak stage scattered but the end term of leaf-falling stage concentrated the most. The phonological character in early stage of seedling growth was the main factor influ- encing the length of growing season. （3） By principal component analysis, pheno- logical phases were classified into 3 typical periods, including germination stage, leaf-spreading peak stage and leaf-falling stage. （4） Totaling 60 clones were classi- fied into 4 types by using clustering analysis in phenological time variables of clones.

Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Catalpa bungei Clones

[Objective] This study aimed to provide scientific basis for the early selec-tion and breeding of excellent Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of five Catalpa bungei clones （1-3, 1-4, 004-1, 015-1 and 7080）. [Result] Al five Catalpa bungei clones had similar change trends of light response curves, but their maxi-mum net photosynthetic rates （Pmax） were in the order of 1-3＆gt;7080＆gt;015-1＆gt;004-1＆gt;1-4, showing that clone 1-3 and clone 7080 had strong light environmental adapt-ability with the light saturation points （LSP） of 1 147.97 μmol/m2＆#183;s and 1 196.31μmol/m2＆#183;s, respectively, while clone 1-4 had the narrowest range of adaptation to light. There were differences in the total photosynthetic amount per area among the five clones that clone 1-4 was the best of 433 974.24 μmol/m2, fol owed by clone 1-3 of 401 290.20 μmol/m2. The transpiration rates （Tr） and stomatal conductances （Cond） of the five clones presented the same change trend. And the diurnal varia-tion curves of net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of clone 1-3, 1-4 and 015-1 showed two typical peaks with obvious midday depression, while clone 004-1 and 7080 didn’t. [Concluson] Considering a variety of photosynthetic characteristics of indica-tors, photosynthetic capacity of clone 1-3 was the best among the five Catalpa bungei clones.

Study on Cutting Propagation of Toona ciliata Clones

Cutting propagation rhizogenesis of Toona ciliata clone cutting orchard were studied, and the results were as fol ows： Rooting type included both cal us rooting and cortex rooting. About 17 in 22 of clones were dominated by cortex rooting, accounting for the 77% of clones. There were 5 clones which occurred with both cal us rooting and cortex rooting during rooting process. The rooting efficiency index （REI） showed a positive correlation with the rooting rate. Under natural tem-perature condition, keeping moisture and shading, we found that the highest survival rate occurred in early June, September, and October.

纤维素降解菌I2的分离及相关降解基因功能验证

纤维素是地球上数量最大的可再生能源物质,利用微生物或其产生的酶可将纤维素水解成葡萄糖。筛选高效纤维素降解菌和纤维素酶一直是生物能源等领域研究的热点。该研究筛选分离了1株具有降解纤维素能力的短小芽孢杆菌I2,通过基因组测序,分析其参与纤维素降解的基因,并对纤维素酶的功能进行验证。I2分离自河南南阳宝天曼自然保护区落叶及长期堆积小麦秸秆的堆体等样本富集后的混合菌系,具有降解滤纸的能力,48 h内可以降解大部分滤纸。基因组组装分析显示,I2的基因组大小为4.2 Mbp,含有4635个基因。利用CAZy碳水化合物数据库注释和酶活性测定实验,对数据库检测到的182个基因进行分析,明确I2中4个基因在大肠杆菌表达后具有纤维素酶活性。其中,G2269纤维素内切酶活性最高,在pH 5.0,温度55℃条件下,酶活力可达49.02 U/mL。金属离子Ca^(2+)、Zn^(2+)对于G2269的活性有明显提高作用,Mn^(2+)和Cu^(2+)对G2269活性抑制比较明显,Mg^(2+)、Co^(2+)、K^(+)、Ni^(2+)、NH_(4)^(+)对于G2269的活性无显著影响。此外,G2269还具有良好热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,在65℃保持30 min后仍保留70%的活力,在食品加工和饲料生产等领域显示出较好的应用潜力。

刺参TRAF7基因克隆及其响应高温胁迫下的表达特征分析

肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子7 (tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 7, TRAF7)作为一种细胞内蛋白,参与信号转导,并介导宿主应激防御调控过程。为研究TRAF7在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)高温胁迫中的作用,本研究利用c DNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)和实时荧光定量PCR技术(RT-qPCR),克隆了刺参TRAF7(Aj TRAF7)全长c DNA序列,分析了其结构特征和在基因组中的分布,并检测了该基因在刺参不同组织和高温胁迫过程中体壁组织中的表达变化情况。结果显示,AjTRAF7全长2 576 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1 770 bp,5'UTR长345 bp,3'UTR长461 bp,编码589个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为65.6 kDa,理论等电点(p I)为7.52。蛋白序列包含1个RING finger结构域、1个Coiled coil结构域和6个WD40结构域,N端包含1个螺旋区域。该基因预测蛋白包含41个丝氨酸磷酸化位点、20个苏氨酸磷酸化位点和3个酪氨酸磷酸化位点,蛋白N端具有3个天冬酰胺糖基化位点。刺参基因组中比对到2个AjTRAF7基因拷贝,第一个拷贝包含18个外显子和15个内含子,第二个拷贝包含17个外显子和14个内含子。系统进化学分析表明,刺参TRAF7氨基酸序列与蝠海星(Patiria miniata)和紫色球海胆(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)相似性较高,分别为40.58%和38.37%,刺参与蝠海星和紫色球海胆聚在一支。RT-qPCR结果显示,Aj TRAF7在健康刺参各组织中均有表达,其在雌性性腺中表达量最高,体腔细胞中表达量次之,在呼吸树、体壁、肠道、雄性性腺和纵肌中表达量依次降低,各组织间表达量差异显著(P<0.05)。在响应高温胁迫的过程中,与对照组相比,体壁组织中AjTRAF7基因表达量在第2天和第4天显著上升(P<0.05),第6天基因表达开始下降。综上,AjTRAF7基因可能参与刺参应对高温胁迫的表达调控过程,相关结果将为解析刺参应对高温胁迫的分子机制提供科学依据。

合作猪NTF3基因克隆、生物信息学分析及组织表达谱构建

克隆合作猪神经营养因子3基因(Neurotrophin3,NTF3)的编码区序列(Coding region sequence,CDS),预测分析其结构与功能,并检测基因在不同组织中的表达量,构建组织表达谱。通过PCR扩增、Sanger测序等方法获得合作猪NTF3基因CDS区序列,使用生物信息学方法分析其结构,并使用RT-qPCR技术检测其在不同组织中的表达水平。结果显示,合作猪NTF3基因CDS区长774 bp,编码257个氨基酸;等电点(pI)为9.46,属于碱性蛋白;合作猪与猪、牛亲缘关系较近;二级结构主要为α-螺旋和无规则卷曲,三级结构主要由β-折叠、α-螺旋等组成;整条链中亲水性氨基酸残基数量多于疏水性氨基酸残基数量,是亲水性蛋白;无跨膜区域,是非跨膜蛋白;在37~58位氨基酸残基有一个线圈结构域、64~79位有一个低复杂度结构域和144~249位有一个神经生长因子结构域;存在信号肽,推测是分泌蛋白;NTF3基因在合作猪脾脏的表达量最高,回肠表达量最低。

Field test of new poplar clone in Shangdong Province

Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province. Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. 慙ux?I-69/55 (I-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (I-69). Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County, Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus ?euramericana cv. ?02/74?, namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9 % higher than those of I-69 (CK), respectively, at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as I-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province.

Genetic Control of Air-Dried Wood Density, Mechanical Properties and Its Implication for Veneer Timber Breeding of New Triploid Clones in Populus tomentosa Carr

The wood samples of 9 triploid clones of Populus tomentosa Carr. taken from a 9 year old clonal test site were analyzed in order to investigate the genetic variation of wood properties, including air dried wood density and some mechanical properties. The results showed that significant or extremely significant difference in air dried wood density and the mechanical properties existed among the clones, this means these wood properties were under moderate or strong genetic controls and could be improved by genetic manipulations. The radial and vertical variation patterns of air dried wood density were also studied and the results were found to coordinate with other previous research results. The vertical variation patterns of most mechanical properties within the individual tree also conformed to the general wood theories except the modulus of elasticity and cross section hardness. Among the mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and tangent section hardness were under strong genetic control, with the clonal repeatabilities being 0 90 and 0 80, respectively. However, the clonal repeatabilities of other mechanical properties under study were a little lower than above two indexes. Genetic correlation analysis indicated that super clonal selection and breeding for veneer timber could be realized through indirect selection of wood density and form indexes.

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)环GMP-AMP合酶(cyclic GMP-AMP synthase,cGAS)的基因克隆与功能研究

环GMP-AMP合酶(cyclic GMP-AMP synthase,cGAS)是一种关键的细胞内传感器,能够识别细胞质内异常存在的DNA并触发免疫反应。为了揭示cGAS在软体动物先天性免疫调控中的重要作用,本研究成功克隆了长牡蛎中的cGAS基因(CgcGAS),其开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)全长1623bp,编码540个氨基酸,理论相对分子质量为62.3kDa,并具有保守的Mab21结构域。系统进化分析表明了CgcGAS为软体动物cGAS家族中的一员。定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(qRTPCR)结果显示CgcGAS广泛表达于各组织,并在消化腺的相对表达量最高。亚细胞定位实验观察到CgcGAS蛋白在细胞核和细胞质中都有分布,主要定位于细胞核,提示其可能在细胞核内的DNA感应以及细胞质内的DNA结合和信号传递中发挥作用。另外,双荧光素酶报告基因系统和RNA干扰实验结果显示,CgcGAS能够显著激活核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)和干扰素刺激性反应元件(interferon-sensitive response element,ISRE)信号通路,及其下游的炎症相关因子干扰素诱导病毒抑制蛋白(virus inhibitory protein endoplasmic reticulum-associated interferon-inducible,viperin)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、白细胞介素-17(interleukin-17,IL-17)及转录因子干扰素调节因子2/8(interferon regulatory factor 2/8,IRF2/8)的表达。综上所述,CgcGAS在长牡蛎的先天性免疫反应中的信号传递过程中发挥了关键作用。