To investigate the therapeutic effect of nigh-dosage γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） on acute tetramine （TET） poisoning, 50 Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups at random and the antidotal effects of GABA or sodium...To investigate the therapeutic effect of nigh-dosage γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） on acute tetramine （TET） poisoning, 50 Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups at random and the antidotal effects of GABA or sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate （Na-DMPS） on poisoned mice in different groups were observed in order to compare the therapeutic effects of nigh-dosage GABA with those of Na-DMPS. Slices of brain tissue of the poisoned mice were made to examine pathological changes of cells. The survival analysis was employed. Our results showed that both high-dosage GABA and Na-DMPS could obviously prolong the survival time, delay onset of convulsion and muscular twitch, and ameliorate the symptoms after acute tetramine poisoning in the mice. Better effects could be achieved with earlier use of high dosage GABA or Na-DMPS. There was no significant difference in prolonging the survival time between high-dose GABA and Na-DMPS used immediately after poisioning. It is concluded that high-dosage GABA can effectively antagonize acute toxicity of terarnine in mice. And it is suggested that nigh-dosage GABA may be used as an excellent antidote for acute TET poisoning in clinical practice. The indications and correct dosage for clinical use awaits to be further studied.展开更多
In this study on the curing dynamics of phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins(PFNR) and hexamethylene tetramine(HMTA), two typical commercial PFNR were selected as examples and the curing reactions of the resins with HMT...In this study on the curing dynamics of phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins(PFNR) and hexamethylene tetramine(HMTA), two typical commercial PFNR were selected as examples and the curing reactions of the resins with HMTA were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Based on the data calculated by the Kissinger equation and the Crane equation, a thermocuring dynamic model was established, from which the process conditions, activation energy, reaction kinetics equation and a f irst-order reaction of the curing reactions were derived.展开更多
Objective:To explore the neurotoxic agent tetramine and characterized with cytotoxicity studies from the chief constituents of sea food Trochus radiatus(T.radiatus)and Thais rudolphi(T.rudolphi)for coastal people of I...Objective:To explore the neurotoxic agent tetramine and characterized with cytotoxicity studies from the chief constituents of sea food Trochus radiatus(T.radiatus)and Thais rudolphi(T.rudolphi)for coastal people of India.Methods:Extraction was performed by following the method of Hashizume et al.(1987)with apposite modification.The extracted aqueous layer was chromatographed on a column of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex and Sephadex LH-20.To analysis the toxic compound of T.radiatus and T.rudolphi has been done by high performance thin layer chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,and the spectral data was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectrum spectroscopy.The cytotoxicity studies of the purified samples were assessed by hemolytic assay,brine shrimp assay and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide–cell proliferation assay.Results:The tetramine content was estimated as 0.4μg/g and 1.2μg/g respectively(w/w).The maximum haemolytic activity in T.rudolphi was found to be 256 haemolytic unit and 16 haemolytic unit in T.radiatus against human erythrocytes when compared to chicken erythrocytes.The samples exhibited lethality against brine shrimps at 60 and 7μg/100 mL,respectively.The tetramine from T.rudolphi and T.radiatus showed 54.2%and 70.8%of cytotoxicity against human lymphocyte at 2 mg/ml concentration.Further in the cell morphology studies,cell showed condensed chromatin,cytoplasmic blubbing and detachment from the surface.Furthermore,the presence of tetramine was confirmed based on the R_(f) values and it was chemically identified as Tetramethylammonium chloride(Pub Chem CID:6379)through the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.Conclusions:From the human health point of view,though the residue levels of N,N,N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine,Tetramethylammonium chloride and N,N-dimethylglycine detected in this study are well below the maximum residue limits of consuming level,the continuous intake may probably have side effects at the later stage.The field of marine gastropods toxin-ology is still in its infancy but the potential yields should attract more interest in the coming years and this report has been a significant development in the stoppage;control and even suppression of human hazards.展开更多
基金This project was supported by a grant from Research and Development Program of Science and Technology of Hubei Province (No 2002AA301C93)
文摘To investigate the therapeutic effect of nigh-dosage γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） on acute tetramine （TET） poisoning, 50 Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups at random and the antidotal effects of GABA or sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate （Na-DMPS） on poisoned mice in different groups were observed in order to compare the therapeutic effects of nigh-dosage GABA with those of Na-DMPS. Slices of brain tissue of the poisoned mice were made to examine pathological changes of cells. The survival analysis was employed. Our results showed that both high-dosage GABA and Na-DMPS could obviously prolong the survival time, delay onset of convulsion and muscular twitch, and ameliorate the symptoms after acute tetramine poisoning in the mice. Better effects could be achieved with earlier use of high dosage GABA or Na-DMPS. There was no significant difference in prolonging the survival time between high-dose GABA and Na-DMPS used immediately after poisioning. It is concluded that high-dosage GABA can effectively antagonize acute toxicity of terarnine in mice. And it is suggested that nigh-dosage GABA may be used as an excellent antidote for acute TET poisoning in clinical practice. The indications and correct dosage for clinical use awaits to be further studied.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(SWU.113003 and XDJK 2015C097)
文摘In this study on the curing dynamics of phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins(PFNR) and hexamethylene tetramine(HMTA), two typical commercial PFNR were selected as examples and the curing reactions of the resins with HMTA were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Based on the data calculated by the Kissinger equation and the Crane equation, a thermocuring dynamic model was established, from which the process conditions, activation energy, reaction kinetics equation and a f irst-order reaction of the curing reactions were derived.
基金Supported by Ministry of Earth Sciences(MoES–G4/12319)under the“Drugs from the Sea”programme.
文摘Objective:To explore the neurotoxic agent tetramine and characterized with cytotoxicity studies from the chief constituents of sea food Trochus radiatus(T.radiatus)and Thais rudolphi(T.rudolphi)for coastal people of India.Methods:Extraction was performed by following the method of Hashizume et al.(1987)with apposite modification.The extracted aqueous layer was chromatographed on a column of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex and Sephadex LH-20.To analysis the toxic compound of T.radiatus and T.rudolphi has been done by high performance thin layer chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,and the spectral data was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectrum spectroscopy.The cytotoxicity studies of the purified samples were assessed by hemolytic assay,brine shrimp assay and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide–cell proliferation assay.Results:The tetramine content was estimated as 0.4μg/g and 1.2μg/g respectively(w/w).The maximum haemolytic activity in T.rudolphi was found to be 256 haemolytic unit and 16 haemolytic unit in T.radiatus against human erythrocytes when compared to chicken erythrocytes.The samples exhibited lethality against brine shrimps at 60 and 7μg/100 mL,respectively.The tetramine from T.rudolphi and T.radiatus showed 54.2%and 70.8%of cytotoxicity against human lymphocyte at 2 mg/ml concentration.Further in the cell morphology studies,cell showed condensed chromatin,cytoplasmic blubbing and detachment from the surface.Furthermore,the presence of tetramine was confirmed based on the R_(f) values and it was chemically identified as Tetramethylammonium chloride(Pub Chem CID:6379)through the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.Conclusions:From the human health point of view,though the residue levels of N,N,N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine,Tetramethylammonium chloride and N,N-dimethylglycine detected in this study are well below the maximum residue limits of consuming level,the continuous intake may probably have side effects at the later stage.The field of marine gastropods toxin-ology is still in its infancy but the potential yields should attract more interest in the coming years and this report has been a significant development in the stoppage;control and even suppression of human hazards.
