The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement...The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement.In order to investigate the effect of different SS types on agronomic characters and understand the genetic base of SS phenotype in tetraploid wheat,near isogenic lines（NILs）,bh-50 with normal spikelets（NS）,bh-51 with four-rowed spikelets（FRS）,bh-52 with short-ramified spikelets（SRS）,and bh-53 with long-ramified spikelets（LRS）in a Triticum durum cv.ZY1286 genetic background were developed by continuous backcrossing.Agronomic characters showed that the SS phenotype lines,bh-51,bh-52and bh-53 have significant increase in the number of spikelets and grains per spike compared with the NS phenotype line bh-50（P〈0.05）,and bh-53 line showed much more increase than those of bh-51 and bh-52.However,bh-53 had the lowest grain weight and the longest spike development stage than those of other spike phenotypes.These results indicated that the different SS types have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters.Genetic analysis through bh-50/bh-51and bh-51/bh-53 F2 populations showed that a recessive major gene controlled the spike architecture to transform from NS to FRS,and a dominant major gene determined the change of spike phenotype from FRS to RS.DNA sequences of Tt BH/WFZP ortholog on chromosome 2AS revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）substitution happened in the open reading frame（ORF）region of all the SS tetraploid wheat accessions,which may lead to the generation of lateral meristems between glume and lemma during the immature spike development.While the fates of the lateral meristems,developing into lateral spikelets or branched spikelets,may be determined by another major gene.Our results presented here may advance our understanding and knowledge of the genes and genetic pathways determining the spike architecture development in wheat.展开更多
Previous studies have shown rapid and extensive genomic However, these studies are based on either a few pre-selected instability associated with early stages of allopolyploidization in wheat. genomic loci or genome-w...Previous studies have shown rapid and extensive genomic However, these studies are based on either a few pre-selected instability associated with early stages of allopolyploidization in wheat. genomic loci or genome-wide analysis of a single plant individual for a given cross combination, thus making the extent and generality of the changes uncertain. To further study the generality and characteristics of allopolyploidization-induced genomic instability in wheat, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes from a genome-wide perspective （by using the AFLP and MSAP markers） in four sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid wheat lines with various genome constitutions, each containing three randomly chosen individual plants at the same generation. We document that although general chromosomal stability was characteristic of all four sets of allotetraploid wheat lines, genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level occurred in all these plants, with both kinds of changes classifiable into two distinct categories, i.e., stochastic and directed. The abundant type of genetic change is loss of parental bands while the prevalent cytosine methylation pattern alteration is hypermethylation at the CHG sites. Our results have extended previous studies regarding allopolyploidization-induced genomic dynamics in wheat by demonstrafing the generality of both genetic and epigenetic changes associated with multiple nascent allotetraploid wheat lines, and providing novel insights into the characteristics of the two kinds of induced genomic instabilities.展开更多
Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/...Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/chromosome arms whole genome sequences of common wheat and its diploid and tetraploid ancestors have been decoded along with the development of sequencing and assembling technologies. In this review, we give a brief summary on international progress in wheat genome sequencing, and mainly focus on reviewing the effort and contributions made by Chinese scientists.展开更多
Haploid embryo and plant producing frequencies were studied by crossesing diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat with landraces,hybrids and inbred lines of maize. It showed significant differences among the wheat and...Haploid embryo and plant producing frequencies were studied by crossesing diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat with landraces,hybrids and inbred lines of maize. It showed significant differences among the wheat and maize populations.The tetraploid and hexaploid wheat were better than the diploid.High frequencies were obtained by using tetraploid wheat of Triticum turgidum cv.TG14 and maize landraces cv. Xiaoyumi and Xiao Huangmaya. The highest haploid plant producing frequency (6.95%) was obtained in the TG14×Xiaoyumi.展开更多
基金supported by the State Transgenic Project, China (2014ZX08009-40B)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (KYZ201303)
文摘The supernumerary spikelets（SS）characters of tetraploid wheat（Triticum turgidum L.）resulting in more spikelets and kernels per spike,thus enhancing sink capacity may contribute to potential wheat yield improvement.In order to investigate the effect of different SS types on agronomic characters and understand the genetic base of SS phenotype in tetraploid wheat,near isogenic lines（NILs）,bh-50 with normal spikelets（NS）,bh-51 with four-rowed spikelets（FRS）,bh-52 with short-ramified spikelets（SRS）,and bh-53 with long-ramified spikelets（LRS）in a Triticum durum cv.ZY1286 genetic background were developed by continuous backcrossing.Agronomic characters showed that the SS phenotype lines,bh-51,bh-52and bh-53 have significant increase in the number of spikelets and grains per spike compared with the NS phenotype line bh-50（P〈0.05）,and bh-53 line showed much more increase than those of bh-51 and bh-52.However,bh-53 had the lowest grain weight and the longest spike development stage than those of other spike phenotypes.These results indicated that the different SS types have different effects on the agronomic and spike characters.Genetic analysis through bh-50/bh-51and bh-51/bh-53 F2 populations showed that a recessive major gene controlled the spike architecture to transform from NS to FRS,and a dominant major gene determined the change of spike phenotype from FRS to RS.DNA sequences of Tt BH/WFZP ortholog on chromosome 2AS revealed that a single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）substitution happened in the open reading frame（ORF）region of all the SS tetraploid wheat accessions,which may lead to the generation of lateral meristems between glume and lemma during the immature spike development.While the fates of the lateral meristems,developing into lateral spikelets or branched spikelets,may be determined by another major gene.Our results presented here may advance our understanding and knowledge of the genes and genetic pathways determining the spike architecture development in wheat.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30870178)
文摘Previous studies have shown rapid and extensive genomic However, these studies are based on either a few pre-selected instability associated with early stages of allopolyploidization in wheat. genomic loci or genome-wide analysis of a single plant individual for a given cross combination, thus making the extent and generality of the changes uncertain. To further study the generality and characteristics of allopolyploidization-induced genomic instability in wheat, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes from a genome-wide perspective （by using the AFLP and MSAP markers） in four sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid wheat lines with various genome constitutions, each containing three randomly chosen individual plants at the same generation. We document that although general chromosomal stability was characteristic of all four sets of allotetraploid wheat lines, genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level occurred in all these plants, with both kinds of changes classifiable into two distinct categories, i.e., stochastic and directed. The abundant type of genetic change is loss of parental bands while the prevalent cytosine methylation pattern alteration is hypermethylation at the CHG sites. Our results have extended previous studies regarding allopolyploidization-induced genomic dynamics in wheat by demonstrafing the generality of both genetic and epigenetic changes associated with multiple nascent allotetraploid wheat lines, and providing novel insights into the characteristics of the two kinds of induced genomic instabilities.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SMC001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101004)
文摘Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/chromosome arms whole genome sequences of common wheat and its diploid and tetraploid ancestors have been decoded along with the development of sequencing and assembling technologies. In this review, we give a brief summary on international progress in wheat genome sequencing, and mainly focus on reviewing the effort and contributions made by Chinese scientists.
基金Supported by Project of Knowledge Innovation Engineeringof Chinese Academyof Sciences(No.KZCX3-SW-444)creativeitemplan of graduate student of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(No.05YCH023).
文摘Haploid embryo and plant producing frequencies were studied by crossesing diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat with landraces,hybrids and inbred lines of maize. It showed significant differences among the wheat and maize populations.The tetraploid and hexaploid wheat were better than the diploid.High frequencies were obtained by using tetraploid wheat of Triticum turgidum cv.TG14 and maize landraces cv. Xiaoyumi and Xiao Huangmaya. The highest haploid plant producing frequency (6.95%) was obtained in the TG14×Xiaoyumi.
