Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in the Informal Sector in Dakar

Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.

电子政务的国际研究特点及启示——基于Government Information Quarterly期刊的分析

运用文献计量分析法和内容分析法对2007-2011年间刊载于Government Information Quarterly的学术论文和社论进行统计分析。对文章的年载分布、著者及单位、被引频次及国家地区作了文献计量分析;并对文章内容进行分析,总结出Government Information Quarterly的研究方向和主题主要包括以下五个方面:电子政务基础理论研究,电子政务的实践应用,政府信息管理,电子政务的技术基础,电子政务的发展过程和前景。

Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Diarrhea is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged Escherichia coli (DEC) accounts for 30% - 40% of childhood diarrhea cases. To identify the pathotypes involved in diarrheal outbreaks in Kenya, we analyzed archived E. coli isolates from children E. coli confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using the VITEK®2 instrument. Pathotype identification was performed via conventional polymerase chain reaction. Of 175 E. coli isolates, 48 (27%) were DEC pathotypes, with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) predominating (71%, 34/48). Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) represented 19% and 10% of isolates, respectively. Enteroinvasive and enterotoxigenic pathotypes were not identified. All DEC isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and tigecycline. Conversely, most (>80%) isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Half of all EAEC and EPEC strains were resistant to cefazolin while half of EHEC isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin. In total, 18 resistance phenotypes were identified with “ampicillin-cefazolin-ampicillin/ sulbactam-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim” predominating (33%, 16/48). The majority (81%) of DEC isolates were multidrug-resistant, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production identified in 8% of these isolates. This study highlights the predominance of Enteroaggregative E. coli and multidrug resistance of DEC pathotypes. Studying the epidemiology of diarrheal disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, will aid in identifying dominant etiological agents of diarrhea and newly emerging resistant strains in informal settlements.

监理质量E-旁站管理及应用研究

旁站是监理开展工作的重要方式之一,随着信息技术在土建行业的广泛应用,传统的监理旁站无论是在旁站内容的确定、旁站信息的采集与记录方式,还是在旁站信息的推送与反馈等方面都有提升和改进空间。在阐述监理质量E-旁站的概念与管理框架的基础上,引入POP模型辅助确定E-旁站内容,并对监理质量E-旁站需要采集的信息进行分类,提出了E-旁站信息采集的要求。基于管理关系和职责,构建了E-旁站信息推送与反馈程序;设计了监理E-旁站管理APP并应用于实际工程。通过构建E-旁站管理模式,保证了监理旁站工作的及时性、有效性和可追溯性,进而提高监理旁站的工作效果。

An Ontology-Based Information Retrieval Model for Vegetables E-Commerce

With the rapid increment of the information on the web, traditional information retrieval based on the keywords is far from user＇s satisfaction in recall and precision. In order to improve the recall ratio and the precision radio of IR engine in the vegetables e-commerce, an information retrieval model based on the vegetables e-commerce ontology is presented in this paper, vegetables e-commerce ontology was constructed by gathering and the analyzing vegetables e-commerce domain information on the web. The vegetables e-commerce ontology is composed of some kinds of vegetable classes and hierarchy relationship of vegetables classes. In the process of information retrieval, domain ontology helps to index information and information inference. An ontology-based information retrieval model is implemented, and which has more functions than the keyword-based web information retrieval engines. The experiment results show that the recall ratio and the precision ratio of ontology-based information retrieval model are higher than that of the information retrieval engine based on keyword at a certain extent.

Coping up with the Information Overload in the Medical Profession

The recent technological advancement has proved to be tremendously helpful for medical consultants. However, this advancement has also generated an enormous volume and variety of data, with a high velocity causing an information load for the medical consultants. Information overload can be defined as a difficulty a person can have in comprehending issue and making judgments that are caused by the presence of too much information. Information overload occurs when the amount of input to a system surpasses its processing capability. Decision-makers have a limited cognitive processing ability. Consequently, when information overload happens, it is possible that a decline in decision quality will take place. Decision-makers, such as medical consultants, have fairly limited cognitive processing capacity. Consequently, when information overload occurs, it is likely that a reduction in decision quality will occur. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of information overload on medical consultants’ life, its causes, and potential ways to deal with it. We performed a literature review to find the effects of information overload on medical consultants. Twelve research papers were considered for thematic analysis using NVivo 10 tool. These papers revealed four themes: 1) traditional methods of data collection;2) modern ways of data collection;3) consequences of modern ways of data collection;and 4) the need for handling information overload. This study suggests the development of a Continuing Professional Development course that explains how to deal with information overload, and availing the same through E-Learning mode might be one immediate solution.

Physicochemical Properties and Health Risks of Informal E-Waste Processing at Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria

This study investigated the groundwater quality and health risks associated with informal e-waste processing in the Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells in the market area and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that the groundwater quality was poor, with high levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, lead, and chromium. The health index (HI) for children and adults was above the tolerable threshold levels, indicating a potential health risk to the population. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the sources of metals in groundwater, and the results showed that informal e-waste processing was a significant source of contamination. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the potential health risks associated with informal e-waste processing and ensure public health and environmental safety.

On the C-E Translation of Cultural Information in Tourist Publicity Materials

Chinese scholar Qiu Maoru points out that the aim of translation is,partly,to establish cultural equivalence between the source text and the target text.He also argues that whether or how to establish cultural equivalence depends on the following four factors:1) the type of source text;2) the significance of cultural flavor in the source text;3) the purpose of translation;4) the type of readers of the target text.This theory provides a good perspective for the C-E translation of cultural information in Tourist Publicity Materials.Under the guidance of this theory,this paper attempts to explore the methods of establishing cultural equivalence in translation of Tourist Publicity Materials.

Research and Practice of the P.E. Information Teaching Design System

In this paper, the physical education information teaching design system is researched and developed based on VB6.0 optimization platform. According to the national physical education and health course standards and the fundamental theories of the constructivisrn, the author adopts the modular-design development method to design two functional areas which are the displaying of the teaching design contents and the online information database （nine modules in total） on the basis of the P.E. teaching design flow. Importantly, this system features the compatibility, scalability and practical applicability, and can effectively improve the ability of P.E. teachers to design their teaching, and hence provides a guarantee for the improvement of teaching quality and efficiency.

The Counterintuitive Increase of Information Due to Extra Spacetime Dimensions of a Black Hole and Dvoretzky’s Theorem

As per Hawking and Bekenstein’s work on black holes, information resides on the surface and there is a limit on it amounting to a bit for every Planck area. It would seem therefore that extra dimensions would logically lead to a hyper-surface for a black hole and consequently a reduction of the corresponding information density due to the dilution effect of these additional dimensions. The present paper argues that the counterintuitive opposite of the above is what should be expected. This surprising result is a consequence of a well known theorem on measure concentration due to I. Dvoretzky.

On the Phenomenon of Information Silo in the E- government Construction in China

In the past decade,the e-government affairs keep developing,which prom otes the reform of governmental affairs and the enhancement of administrative efficiency.However,the phenomenon of inform ation silo has bad influence upon the governm ental information resources sharing and the efficiency of the e-government affairs,hindering inform ation connectivity,so that the government management cannot meet the need of society,nor can the e-governm ent develop in the long run.This paper attempts to analyze the embodiment and causes of the phenomenon of information silo,putting forward measures of solving the problem of inform ation silo.

A Review of e-Health Research in Information System

e-Health—a new form of health care service using information technology—has received a great deal of academic attention in the past. What can we learn from these prior studies? This article analyses the development of prior work using the scientific literature related to e-Health from the Web of Science core database. Our systematic review suggest that: 1) IT adoption is the most important research topic in this field, 2) Research methods are growing in diversity, 3) Research topics are reasonably differentiated.

Hierarchical Architecture for Enterprise Information System under Dynamic Environment

In a dynamic environment, it is vital for enterpris e to have flexible information system architecture to integrate ERP, Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-Commerce (EC). The traditional systems are established o n the ERP-centered flat architecture. This architecture has some disadvantages in supporting the dynamics of enterprises. Firstly, ERP is already a very expens ive and complex system; the extension based on it can only increase the complexi ty and make the implementation more expensive and risky. Secondly, under the arc hitecture, the flexibility is reduced sharply although the execution efficiency is maintained. In a rapid changing environment, flexibility is also an equally i mportant factor besides execution efficiency. Thirdly, it cannot support the dyn amic collaboration efficiently. The prevailing of the flat architecture is not d ue to its advantage but to the big software providers. From the system viewpoint , a hierarchical architecture is proposed. Difference from the current architect ure, in the hierarchical paradigm, ERP is put in the bottom level rather centere d. SCM is the center system, which adopts a multi-agent structure. EC is regard ed as its foreground interface, while ERP and other information system of the pa rtner or internal units are the background executors. EC is the extension of mar ket agent and purchase agent. It fulfills the function of trade on Internet by s ending orders to be executed to SCM and receiving the progress information of th e orders from SCM. After receiving orders from EC, the agent in charge of schedu le in SCM makes preliminary plan in form of instructions (which may be infeasibl e) based on the information of source. Trough the coordination of multi agent, the plan is adjusted to be feasible. Compared with current ERP-centered flat ar chitecture, the hierarchical structure pays more attention to dynamic collaborat ion rather the optimization within the enterprise. At last, two engineering case s, Beijing Shang Pu Electric Ltd and Qingtao Tianyue International Building Mate rial Free Trade City, are presented to illustrate the idea.

基于AES对称加密算法的电子商务敏感数据加密存储研究

在数字化交易不断增长的背景下,确保电子商务系统中敏感财务数据的安全变得至关重要。为此,研究开展了一项关于智能敏感数据库加密设计的探究,基于高级加密标准(AES)算法提出了一种敏感数据加密方法,该算法结合自适应特征分类与向量量化编码,以适应敏感信息的存储要求。结果表明,AES在10次操作后的平均加密用时为40 ms,而DES和IDEA分别为37 ms和29 ms。解密速度方面,AES的平均时间为0.97 ms,较DES的0.76 ms和IDEA的0.54 ms更优。在系统资源消耗方面,AES在CPU使用率方面远超其他两种算法,其平均使用率为65.48%,而DES和IDEA分别为52.36%和41.75%。由此可知,采用AES加密算法来保护电子商务中的敏感信息存储更为安全可靠。这样的方法不仅提升了系统的安全性质,还有效降低了网络威胁的风险,同时增强了对电子商务敏感数据的保护。

The Challenge of Implementing Information Security Standards in Small and Medium e-Business Enterprises

The dynamic nature of online systems requires companies to be proactive with thwarting information security threats, and to follow a systematic way for managing and evaluating the security of their online services. The existence of security standards is an important factor that helps organisations to evaluate and manage security by providing guidelines and best practices that enable them to follow a standard and systematic way to protect their e-Business activities. However, the suitability of available information security standards for Small and Medium e-Business Enterprises (e-SME) is worth further investigation. In this paper three major security standards including Common Criteria, System Security Engineering-Capability and Maturity Model and ISO/IEC 27001 were analysed. Accordingly, several challenges associated with these standards that may render them difficult to be implemented in e-SME have been identified.

信息化技术在EPC项目建设中的应用

EPC是一种总承包模式,其技术应用复杂、参与主体多、规模大,给总承包管理方带来了较大的挑战。尤其是EPC项目涵盖的范围广泛,需要综合管理各方面,包括项目计划、资源调配、成本控制、风险管理等。在EPC项目的设计、采购、建设施工中融入先进的信息化技术,不仅能提升协调管理的效能,还能降低项目风险、控制成本、规范项目进程等。基于此,文章主要介绍了BIM技术与其他技术的融合,将其应用于EPC项目的整个管理环节,旨在为项目建设的设计阶段、采购阶段、施工阶段开展集成化管理、增强管理效能等提供技术支持。

Designing Logistic Information Platform to Fostering Development Trend in China Automobile Manufacturing Group

The logistics resource in China's automobile group can't be optimized and allocated because of the "information island" problem in the group's logistics information platform in the whole group. In addition,it is the development trend of China's automobile group LIN to build a logistics e-market in the range of the group.

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

公平偏好信息非对称下E-闭环供应链协调机制设计

考虑电商平台公平偏好信息非对称,建立制造商主导的E-闭环供应链回收与定价决策模型,采用逆向归纳法和对比分析法研究公平偏好对E-闭环供应链各方决策的影响,并设计收益共享-成本共担契约进行协调.研究表明,无论电商平台公平偏好信息是否对称,批发价格契约都不能协调E-闭环供应链,但只要制造商考虑电商平台公平偏好进行决策,就有利于降低零售价格,提高服务水平和废旧品回收率.无论电商平台公平偏好信息是否对称,收益共享-成本共担契约总能优化各方决策,提高废旧品回收率,实现E-闭环供应链协调,以及帕累托改进各方利润.此外,电商平台公平偏好会使收益分享比例范围变大,更容易实现E-闭环供应链协调.

需求信息不对称环境下跨境电子商务供应链协调机制研究

针对我国跨境电子商务公司和国际物流公司之间的信息不对称问题,在需求信息不对称环境下,采用非线性激励模型及python数据分析方法,通过引入激励合同及外部观察变量进行激励机制的改进,对跨境电子商务供应链协调机制进行研究。结果表明,外部观测变量引入提供更多信息,降低了外部不确定因素对于观测变量扰动,提高跨境电商企业对于跨境物流服务供应商努力程度准确辨识,实现更好激励。在极端情况下,在新引入观测变量与外部随机因素完全相关时,可直接观测变量确认跨境物流服务供应商努力程度,实现最优激励。仿真数据表明,跨境电商企业和物流集成分包商需要承担一定通关成本,并让出一部分利润给分包商,分包商和物流集成商降低物流批发价格,并提供物流服务。