The Three Cs:China,Culture and Civilization

Steeped in a civilization featuring inclusivity and peaceful nature,China seeks exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations rather than cultural hegemony.WHILE claiming its preeminent global economic status,China has also come to assert its equivalent position in world politics and diplomacy,typically representing the interests of the developing world.

Editorial for the Special Issue on Natural Medicine

As the world continues to search for innovative therapeutic solutions,the field of natural medicines has emerged as a vibrant area of research.The potential of natural products to treat a wide range of diseases,coupled with the relatively low sideeffects of such products,has captured the attention of scientists,clinicians,and the general public alike.This Special Issue on Natural Medicine aims to present the latest advancements in this exciting field,highlighting both fundamental research and clinical applications.The collection of articles in this Special Issue covers a broad spectrum of topics,ranging from medicinal chemistry to biological mechanisms,and from the study of single botanic compounds to complex plant formulas.We are particularly pleased to include a comprehensive review by Yi Wang et al.on the bioactivities,mechanisms,production,and potential application of bile acids in preventing and treating infectious diseases.This review not only summarizes the current landscape of bile acids research but also highlights several promising compounds for future investigations,such as the recent interest in ursodeoxycholic acid.In a related topic,Shishan Yu’s team has developed artificial bear bile using synthetic chemistry and enzyme engineering,providing a sustainable substitute for natural bear bile.This innovation meets medical needs while addressing animal welfare issues,representing a notable progression in the field.

From Major-Countries Coordination to Global Mechanisms:an Analysis of the Global Governance of Large AI Models

The global governance of large artificial intelligence(AI)models calls for urgent actions.Large models,representing a type of technological innovation,is advancing global technological progress and is also compelling the international community’s attention to the role of global governance system in coordinating the development of AI.In building a global governance mechanism for large models,both traditional governance system and new international system should be explored to construct Regime Complexes for the governance of large models.

Assessing the impact of climate change on agricultural production in central Afghanistan

Afghanistan has faced extreme climatic crises such as drought,rising temperature,and scarce precipitation,and these crises will likely worsen in the future.Reduction in crop yield can affect food security in Afghanistan,where the majority of population and economy are completely dependent on agriculture.This study assessed the interaction between climate change and crop yield in Kabul of Afghanistan during the reference(1990–2020)and future(2025–2100)periods.Climate data(1990–2020)were collected from four meteorological stations and three local organizations,and wheat yield data(1990–2020)were acquired from the United States Agriculture Department.Data during the reference period(1990–2020)were used for the validation and calibration of the statistical downscaling models such as the Statistical Downscaling Model(SDSM)and Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator(LARS-WG).Furthermore,the auto-regression model was used for trend analysis.The results showed that an increase in the average annual temperature of 2.15℃,2.89℃,and 4.13℃will lead to a reduction in the wheat yield of 9.14%,10.20%,and 12.00%under Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5 during the future period(2025–2100),respectively.Moreover,an increase in the annual maximum temperature of 1.79℃,2.48℃,and 3.74℃also causes a significant reduction in the wheat yield of 2.60%,3.60%,and 10.50%under RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.Furthermore,an increase in the annual minimum temperature of 2.98℃,2.23℃,and 4.30℃can result in an increase in the wheat yield of 6.50%,4.80%,and 9.30%under RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.According to the SDSM,the decrease of the average monthly precipitation of 4.34%,4.10%,and 5.13%results in a decrease in the wheat yield of 2.60%,2.36%,and 3.18%under RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.This study suggests that adaptation strategies can be applied to minimize the consequences of climate change on agricultural production.

Three working groups on commercial aerospace established

In order to implement the spirits of the Central Economic Work Conference and systematically promote the standardization work of commercial aerospace,SAC/TC 425,Space technology and operation,recently established three working groups for emerging fields and strategic emerging industries related to commercial aerospace.The work scope of WG 1 on commercial aircraft launching covers the standards research,development and revision for operation support,process,industrial chains,and other fields of launching.It is also responsible for the updating of standards documents published by correspondent international standardization organizations for further analysis and adoption.WG 2 on the application of satellite internet is responsible for the research,development and revision of standards in areas such as the application scenarios and demands,functions and process,interfaces and data forms of satellite internet.Its first batch of members consists of 29 service providers,operators,equipment manufacturers,and parties representing public interests in this field.

Three-dimensional spatial structure of the macro-pores and flow simulation in anthracite coal based on X-ray μ-CT scanning data

The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carrier.The result shows that the equivalent radius of pores and throats are 1-16 μm and 1.03-8.9 μm,respectively,and the throat length is 3.28-231.25 μm.The coordination number of pores concentrates around three,and the intersection point between the connectivity function and the X-axis is 3-4 μm,which indicate the macro-pores have good connectivity.During the single-channel flow,the pressure decreases along the direction of CH4 flow,and the flow velocity of CH4 decreases from the pore center to the wall.Under the dual-channel and the multi-channel flows,the pressure also decreases along the CH4 flow direction,while the velocity increases.The mean flow pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the inlet slice.The change of mean flow pressure is relatively stable in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane,while it is relatively large in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane.The mean flow velocity in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(Y-axis) is the largest,followed by that in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(X-axis),and the mean flow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is the smallest.

Three Phase Composite Cylinder Assemblage Model for Analyzing the Elastic Behavior of MWCNT-Reinforced Polymers

Evolution of computational modeling and simulation has given more emphasis on the research activities related to carbon nanotube(CNT)reinforced polymer composites recently.This paper presents the composite cylinder assemblage(CCA)approach based on continuum mechanics for investigating the elastic properties of a polymer resin reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs).A three-phase cylindrical representative volume element(RVE)model is employed based on CCA technique to elucidate the effects of inter layers,chirality,interspacing,volume fraction of MWCNT,interphase properties and temperature conditions on the elastic modulus of the composite.The interface region between CNT and polymer matrix is modeled as the third phase with varying material properties.The constitutive relations for each material system have been derived based on solid mechanics and proper interfacial traction continuity conditions are imposed.The predicted results from the CCA approach are in well agreement with RVE-based finite element model.The outcomes reveal that temperature softening effect becomes more pronounced at higher volume fractions of CNTs.

COADJOINT ORBITS FOR THE CENTRAL EXTENSION OF Diff^+(S^1) AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES

According to Kirillov's idea, the irreducible unitary representations of a Lie group G roughly correspond to the coadjoint orbits (?).In the forward direction one applies the methods of geometric quantization to produce a representation, and in the reverse direction one computes a transform of the character of a representation, to obtain a coadjoint orbit. The method of orbits in the representations of Lie groups suggests the detailed study of coadjoint orbits of a Lie group G in the space (?)~* dual to the Lie algebra (?) of G. In this paper, two primary goals are achieved: one is to completely classify the smooth coadjoint orbits of Virasoro group for nonzero central charge c; the other is to find representatives for coadjoint orbits. These questions have been considered previously by Segal, Kirillov, and Witten, but their results are not quite complete. To accomplish this, the authors start by describing the coadjoint action of D-the Lie group of all orientation preserving diffeomorphisms on the circle S^1, and its central extension (?), then the authors will give a complete classification of smooth coadjoint orbits. In fact, they can be parameterized by a subspace Of conjugacy classes of (?)(1,1). Finally, the authors will show how to find representatives f coadjoint orbits by analyzing the vector fields stabilizing the orbits, and describe the amazing connection between the characteristic (trace) of conjugacy classes of (?)(1, 1) and that of vector fields stabilizing orbits.

District Partisan Homogeneity, Communications, and the Electoral Motive: An Analysis of the Facebook Posts of Members of the U.S. House of Representatives

The research examines the way in which members of the U.S. House of Representative represent themselves on the social network site Facebook. Each member’s activity is observed on seven different occasions and the frequency and substantive character of posts made during the second half of 2013 are established. The focus is on position-taking posts versus posts which mention the district the member serves in. Our expectation is that members from electorally safe districts will be more likely to advertise their policy positions while members from marginal districts will be more inclined to advertise their district connections. We control for minority party status, gender, and ideological extremism among other concerns and learn electoral safety is a good predictor of both “position-taking” and “district mentions”. Consistent with an electoral motive, we also find members from the minority party less likely to take positions on the issues of the day and more likely to mention the district they serve in.

North American Association Put Manufacturers and Representatives Together

For more than half a centurymanufacturers in search of independentrepresentatives to sell their products innew markets and to establishrelationships with prospective customershave relied upon the services of theManufacturers’ Agents NationalAssociation (MANA).

Speech by Mr.Lawrence Fortun,Congressman of the Philippine House of Representatives

Greetings…Allow me to begin by extending,on behalf of the Philippine delegation,our heartfelt gratitude to the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)for this excellent opportunity for greater understanding of China and its relations to the Philippines,the ASEAN and the rest of the world.This exchange has likewise been an important occasion for us to share our insights on these relations in the light of our common interests and aspirations

Future meteorological drought conditions in southwestern Iran based on the NEX-GDDP climate dataset

Investigation of the climate change effects on drought is required to develop management strategies for minimizing adverse social and economic impacts.Therefore,studying the future meteorological drought conditions at a local scale is vital.In this study,we assessed the efficiency of seven downscaled Global Climate Models(GCMs)provided by the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP),and investigated the impacts of climate change on future meteorological drought using Standard Precipitation Index(SPI)in the Karoun River Basin(KRB)of southwestern Iran under two Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)emission scenarios,i.e.,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.The results demonstrated that SPI estimated based on the Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Global Climate Model version 3(MRI-CGCM3)is consistent with the one estimated by synoptic stations during the historical period(1990-2005).The root mean square error(RMSE)value is less than 0.75 in 77%of the synoptic stations.GCMs have high uncertainty in most synoptic stations except those located in the plain.Using the average of a few GCMs to improve performance and reduce uncertainty is suggested by the results.The results revealed that with the areas affected by wetness decreasing in the KRB,drought frequency in the North KRB is likely to increase at the end of the 21st century under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.At the seasonal scale,the decreasing trend for SPI in spring,summer,and winter shows a drought tendency in this region.The climate-induced drought hazard can have vast consequences,especially in agriculture and rural livelihoods.Accordingly,an increasing trend in drought during the growing seasons under RCP scenarios is vital for water managers and farmers to adopt strategies to reduce the damages.The results of this study are of great value for formulating sustainable water resources management plans affected by climate change.

新《公司法》若干重要问题解读(笔谈)

新《公司法》修订所涉及的内容非常丰富,修订内容包括公司登记制度、股东出资责任、公司治理制度、公司资本制度、控股股东义务、董监高信义义务等方面。赵旭东教授指出,本次《公司法》修订在公司登记与信息公示制度、股东出资责任和法律后果、公司资本制度、公司治理制度、股东权益保护和控股股东义务这五个关键领域实现了重大突破和创新。周林彬教授集中解析了“国家出资公司组织机构的特别规定”一章,认为新《公司法》的亮点之一是通过新设这一章积极回应了我国国有企业治理的“本土实践”与“中国问题”,给出新时期国有企业治理的“中国方案”,推进了中国特色的国有企业治理制度的设计,重塑了国有企业的规范体系。刘凯湘教授对本次《公司法》修订中与公司资本制度相关的若干条文展开解析,包括限期认缴制、新增有限公司股东出资义务加速到期制度、股东违反出资义务的责任承担规则、董事会的催缴出资义务、股东失权制度、董监高对股东抽逃出资的连带责任、类别股的规定、授权资本制等。赵万一教授深入探讨了这次《公司法》修改的主要特点,认为新《公司法》既坚持了其商法属性,同时又充分考虑了《民法典》的既有制度内容,适当兼顾了与《民法典》之间的制度衔接关系,从而既为科学解决民法与商法的关系提供了理念和制度支持,也为中国式法律制度体系的创建提供了完美的立法实践样本。周友苏教授深入解析了新《公司法》在完善股东出资制度方面增加的股东出资缴纳、股东出资“加速到期”、股东失权、股东出资责任这四条新规定,认为新《公司法》在完善股东出资制度方面增加的这些新规定,积极回应了我国自2013年以来公司数量大幅增长所带来的股东盲目认缴、天价认缴、期限过长的现象突出,损害债权人利益的纠纷案件呈明显上升态势等问题,极大地强化了保护债权人的力度。李建伟教授深入解析了《公司法》修订中与法定代表人制度相关的若干条文,认为新《公司法》关于法定代表人的规定较之以往更加体系化,并有望基本解决困扰公司实践许多年的诸多难题,但其中亦存在不完全规范的问题。

基于香农熵代表性特征和投票机制的三维模型分类

目前基于视图的3维模型分类方法存在单视图视觉信息不充分、多视图信息冗余的问题,且同等对待所有视图会忽略不同投影视角之间的差异性。针对上述问题,该文提出一种基于香农熵代表性特征和投票机制的3维模型分类方法。首先,通过在3维模型周围均匀设置多个视角组来获取表征模型的多组视图集。为了有效提取视图深层特征,在特征提取网络中引入通道注意力机制;然后,针对Softmax函数输出的视图判别性特征,使用香农熵来选择代表性特征,从而避免多视图特征冗余;最后,基于多个视角组的代表性特征利用投票机制来完成3维模型分类。实验表明:该方法在3维模型数据集ModelNet10上的分类准确率达到96.48%,分类性能突出。

季节性冻土层埋地管道围岩稳定性分析

中国作为世界冻土大国,近一半国土含有不同种类的冻土,在油气管道的敷设过程中冻土、冻岩问题不可避免,因此研究埋地管道周围岩石稳定性十分重要。弹性模量是分析及评价岩石结构完整性与稳定性的重要指标,埋地管道围岩宏观及微观组成结构及分布特征等对岩石弹性模量有重要影响,目前研究存在一定不足。基于多孔介质表征单元体方法,建立了饱和冻岩弹性模量计算模型。利用所建模型,以砂岩体结构为例进行了模拟计算,分析了孔隙率、含水率以及通道构成系数等变化对岩石弹性模量的影响特性。结果表明:模型的弹性模量随孔隙率的增大呈下降趋势;当孔隙率恒定时,弹性模量随含水量的增大而减小,随通道构成系数的增大而减小。

基于图神经网络的专利文本分类研究

传统专利分类由专家逐件审阅,随着大数据、人工智能和自然语言处理技术的快速发展,专利文本自动分类正在成为学界、业界的重要研究方向之一。文本分类技术可以用于判断专利申请是否获得授权,帮助审查员自动化处理和分析专利申请文件,从而提高工作效率。针对海量专利的英文文本,提出一种基于图神经网络模型的专利文本自动分类方法,用于测度专利申请是否可获得授权。使用深度学习算法TextGCN对专利摘要语料进行学习和训练,利用图结构数据的邻居信息和节点特征,通过神经网络产生专利文本的表示向量,进而实现专利授权与否的预测。实验结果表明,本文采用的深度学习算法能够得到较好的分类效果,并且与Doc2vec和TFIDF表示方法相比,该模型在精确度、召回率、准确率及F1方面均有所提高,可为专利授权与否的自动预测提供可靠的研究依据。

法国生态代表项目的运行逻辑、实施路径与启示

在法国,面向可持续发展的环境教育有着悠久的历史。2019年法国教育部提出选举生态代表,环境教育的发展进入新阶段。法国的生态代表项目具有清晰的运行逻辑,生态代表的选拔遵循全员参与、层次递进的原则。当选的生态代表以实践为导向,有着四重身份:信息传递者、项目行动者、会议发言人和行动评估者,围绕可持续发展的五大主题开展活动。法国生态代表项目通过研发指南、搭建多元参与的全学校支持模式、构建多维活动平台与保障机制等实施路径促进生态代表行动的可持续发展。虽然目前生态代表的教育实践在监督评估机制、安全保障设施等方面还有待完善,但仍在提升法国学生生态素养、促进学校可持续发展等方面发挥了积极作用,可以为我国开展生态文明教育提供有益启示。

基于文献组件的学术论文代表作组合结构化推荐

为帮助科研人员快速了解代表作的学术价值,增强对代表作内容的理解,基于文献组件对代表作进行了内容重组,通过构建代表作组合本体,以结构化方式展现了代表作组合的核心内容;以学术论文为例,遴选了学科领域内具有推荐价值的代表作组合;通过提取代表作的正、副文本组件,分别构建了代表作组合的正、副文本组件本体;在此基础上,给出代表作组合的推荐方案。组件本体从语义上表征了代表作组合的关键信息,能够增强读者对代表作价值的认知、提高读者获取知识的效率;代表作组合推荐有利于推进高质量、高水平学术成果的交流、传播与应用。本研究是对代表作内容融合、传播渠道融合的一次尝试,对学术交流从基于文献向基于知识单元理念的转变起到了积极的推动作用。

公司治理中法定代表人的“权责核心”地位及其纯化

我国施行单一法定代表人制度,由一名自然人掌握公司的对外代表权和内部经营管理权,法定代表人在公司治理中处于“权力与责任的核心”地位。法定代表人的这一法律地位不但与公司治理的分权制衡理念相悖,而且引发争夺公司控制权、法定代表人变更、越权代表等纠纷,危及公司经营管理秩序和经济利益。公司立法应当回应实践要求,摆脱“厂长经理负责制”和“代表说”下“同一人格”理论的影响,明确法定代表人作为公司意思表达机关的法律地位与义务,赋予公司选择单一或多元代表模式的自治空间,基于委托关系完善法定代表人退出机制,通过登记公示技术使公司对代表权的限制发生对抗效力。