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BDSec:Security Authentication Protocol for BeiDou-Ⅱ Civil Navigation Message
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作者 Wu Zhijun Zhang Yuan +2 位作者 Yang Yiming Wang Peng Yue Meng 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期206-218,共13页
Due to the lack of authentication mechanism in BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS),BD-Ⅱ civil navigation message(BDⅡ-CNAV) are vulnerable to spoofing attack and replay attack.To solve this problem,we present a s... Due to the lack of authentication mechanism in BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS),BD-Ⅱ civil navigation message(BDⅡ-CNAV) are vulnerable to spoofing attack and replay attack.To solve this problem,we present a security authentication protocol,called as BDSec,which is designed by using China’s cryptography Shangyong Mima(SM) series algorithms,such as SM2/4/9 and Zu Chongzhi(ZUC)algorithm.In BDSec protocol,both of BDⅡ-CNAV and signature information are encrypted using the SM4 algorithm(Symmetric encryption mechanism).The encrypted result is used as the subject authentication information.BDSec protocol applies SM9 algorithm(Identity-based cryptography mechanism) to protect the integrity of the BDⅡ-CNAV,adopts the SM2 algorithm(Public key cryptosystem) to guarantee the confidentiality of the important session information,and uses the ZUC algorithm(Encryption and integrity algorithm) to verify the integrity of the message authentication serial number and initial information and the information in authentication initialization sub-protocol respectively.The results of the SVO logic reasoning and performance analysis show that BDSec protocol meets security requirements for the dual user identity authentication in BDS and can realize the security authentication of BDⅡ-CNAV. 展开更多
关键词 BDII civil navigation messages(BDIICNAV) beidou navigation satellite system(BDS) identity-based cryptography mechanism navigation message authentication protocol(BDSec)
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Satellite Navigation Method Based on High-Speed Frequency Hopping Signal 被引量:1
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作者 En Yuan Peng Liu +4 位作者 Weiwei Chen Rui Wang Bing Xu Wenyu Zhang Yanqin Tang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第7期321-337,共17页
Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal... Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal can be used in satellite navigation,the anti-jamming ability of satellite navigation can be improved.Although a recently proposed timefrequency matrix ranging method(TFMR)can use FH signals to realize pseudorange measurement,it cannot transmit navigation messages using the ranging signal which is crucial for satellite navigation.In this article,we propose dual-tone binary frequency shift keyingbased TFMR(DBFSK-TFMR).DBFSK-TFMR designs an extended time-frequency matrix(ETFM)and its generation algorithm,which can use the frequency differences in different dual-tone signals in ETFM to modulate data and eliminate the negative impact of data modulation on pseudorange measurement.Using ETFM,DBFSK-TFMR not only realizes the navigation message transmission but also ensures the precision and unambiguous measurement range of pseudorange measurement.DBFSK-TFMR can be used as an integrated solution for anti-jamming communication and navigation based on FH signals.Simulation results show that DBFSK-TFMR has almost the same ranging performance as TFMR. 展开更多
关键词 satellite navigation frequency hopping RANGING navigation message transmission
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Data-Driven Heuristic Assisted Memetic Algorithm for Efficient Inter-Satellite Link Scheduling in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System 被引量:6
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作者 Yonghao Du Ling Wang +2 位作者 Lining Xing Jungang Yan Mengsi Cai 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2021年第11期1800-1816,共17页
Inter-satellite link(ISL)scheduling is required by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to guarantee the system ranging and communication performance.In the BDS,a great number of ISL scheduling instances must be... Inter-satellite link(ISL)scheduling is required by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to guarantee the system ranging and communication performance.In the BDS,a great number of ISL scheduling instances must be addressed every day,which will certainly spend a lot of time via normal metaheuristics and hardly meet the quick-response requirements that often occur in real-world applications.To address the dual requirements of normal and quick-response ISL schedulings,a data-driven heuristic assisted memetic algorithm(DHMA)is proposed in this paper,which includes a high-performance memetic algorithm(MA)and a data-driven heuristic.In normal situations,the high-performance MA that hybridizes parallelism,competition,and evolution strategies is performed for high-quality ISL scheduling solutions over time.When in quick-response situations,the data-driven heuristic is performed to quickly schedule high-probability ISLs according to a prediction model,which is trained from the high-quality MA solutions.The main idea of the DHMA is to address normal and quick-response schedulings separately,while high-quality normal scheduling data are trained for quick-response use.In addition,this paper also presents an easy-to-understand ISL scheduling model and its NP-completeness.A seven-day experimental study with 10080 one-minute ISL scheduling instances shows the efficient performance of the DHMA in addressing the ISL scheduling in normal(in 84 hours)and quick-response(in 0.62 hour)situations,which can well meet the dual scheduling requirements in real-world BDS applications. 展开更多
关键词 beidou navigation satellite System(BDS) data-driven heuristic inter-satellite link(ISL)scheduling memetic algorithm METAHEURISTIC quick-response
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Development and Innovation of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System 被引量:2
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作者 XIE Jun ZHANG Jianjun 《Aerospace China》 2020年第4期5-10,共6页
The completion of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system has made China becoming the third country owning a global navigation satellite system independently.It has embarked on a development path with Chinese ch... The completion of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system has made China becoming the third country owning a global navigation satellite system independently.It has embarked on a development path with Chinese characteristics,enriched the development route of the world navigation satellite system,and enhanced China’s core competitiveness.The article describes the development and construction of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and summaries the main achievements of BDS-1,BDS-2 and BDS-3 systems from the three aspects of independent innovation,system research and technological breakthrough.The article also analyzes the technical innovation characteristics of the BDS satellites comprehensively,providing a reference for subsequent research and planning of the next generation of the BDS satellites that are more ubiquitous,more integrated,and more intelligent. 展开更多
关键词 beidou navigation INNOVATION next generation
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Design of Space-based PNT System Based on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
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作者 XIE Jun ZHANG Jianjun 《Aerospace China》 2018年第4期20-28,共9页
BeiDou navigation satellite system(the BeiDou system) is the only PNT(Positioning, Navigation and Tim-ing) resource in China that has coverage of the globe and near-Earth space and provides continuous high-precision,l... BeiDou navigation satellite system(the BeiDou system) is the only PNT(Positioning, Navigation and Tim-ing) resource in China that has coverage of the globe and near-Earth space and provides continuous high-precision,low-cost positioning, navigation and timing solutions for users in a unified spatio-temporal benchmark. As an importantspatio-temporal benchmark transmission system, the BeiDou system is the most important resource for the nationalPNT system to provide a PNT capability under a unified spatial-temporal benchmark. This paper proposes the con-cept, composition and development model of the space-based PNT system design based on the BeiDou system withall its space characteristics, as well as the advantages of the system. It opens up a new direction for the construction ofChina's PNT system and expands a new horizon in the research of a PNT system in China. 展开更多
关键词 beidou navigation satellite SYSTEM PNT systems engineering THEORY
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BeiDou Regional Navigation Satellite System Completed
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作者 Liu Fei 《Aerospace China》 2012年第4期6-8,共3页
As the 16th BeiDou navigation satellite was successfully launched into space at 23:33 Beijing Time from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) on October 25, 2012, China completed the construction of the BeiDou Re... As the 16th BeiDou navigation satellite was successfully launched into space at 23:33 Beijing Time from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) on October 25, 2012, China completed the construction of the BeiDou Regional Navigation Satellite System that starts to officially provide services for most parts of the Asia-Pacific region from December 27. The 16th BeiDou navigation satellite, the last one for the regional BeiDou system, was developed by China Academy of Space Technology under CASC. 展开更多
关键词 DFH CASC beidou Regional navigation satellite System Completed JUN IGSO
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Application and Prospect of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in the Transportation Industry
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作者 LIU Yumei ZHANG Nuan +4 位作者 LIU Lijiao QIN Yiran GAO Ya WENG Yanyun LIU Jindan 《Aerospace China》 2020年第4期50-57,共8页
The transportation industry is one of the largest users of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),characterized by multiple locations,long lines,wide range,and extensive mobility.The application of BDS in the tra... The transportation industry is one of the largest users of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),characterized by multiple locations,long lines,wide range,and extensive mobility.The application of BDS in the transportation industry improves the development level of intelligent,safe,green and shared transportation.Based on the introduction of the application requirements and characteristics of BDS in the transportation industry,this paper systematically introduces the overall status of BDS in the transportation industry,covering highways,waterways,railways,civil aviation,and the postal service.Finally,the paper forecasts future applications of BDS in the field of transportation.It identifies within the transportation industry rich application scenarios for the cultivation of advanced technologies represented by BDS,enhancing transportation safety services and guaranteeing emergency communication,while improving the operation efficiency and management level of an integrated transportation system. 展开更多
关键词 beidou navigation satellite System TRANSPORTATION industry application application prospect
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LM-3B Launched the Penultimate BeiDou-3 Navigation System Satellite Successfully
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作者 LIU Yan 《Aerospace China》 2020年第1期56-56,共1页
A LM-3B launched the BeiDou 3 GEO-2 sallite into space at 19:55 Bei-jing time on March 9,2020,from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.The satellite entered its predetermined orbit later,marking the success of the lau... A LM-3B launched the BeiDou 3 GEO-2 sallite into space at 19:55 Bei-jing time on March 9,2020,from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.The satellite entered its predetermined orbit later,marking the success of the launch mission.As the 54th satellite in the BeiDou navigation satellite system and also the 29th BeiDou 3 stallite,the BeiDou 3 GEO 2 stlie,developed by the China Academy of Space Technology,is called the“lucky stllite”with the largest size,the longest designed service life and the most funcions. 展开更多
关键词 LAUNCH beidou satellite
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China Launches the 11th BeiDou Satellite in Navigation Satellite System
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《Aerospace China》 2012年第1期24-24,共1页
China launched the 11th BeiDou navigation satellite in their BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.The satellite was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on a LM-3C rocket at 0:12 on Febr... China launched the 11th BeiDou navigation satellite in their BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.The satellite was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on a LM-3C rocket at 0:12 on February 25 (Beijing time) and was put into the predetermined transfer orbit successfully.The geostationary satellite is the first BeiDou navigation satellite launched in 2012 for the 展开更多
关键词 China Launches the 11th beidou satellite in navigation satellite System
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The 10th BeiDou 2 Navigation Satellite Flew into Space
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《Aerospace China》 2011年第4期23-,共1页
LM launch vehicles established a new record by successfully performing the 16th successful flight this year.A LM-3A launched the 10th BeiDou 2 satellite into its predetermined transfer orbit on December 2 from the XSL... LM launch vehicles established a new record by successfully performing the 16th successful flight this year.A LM-3A launched the 10th BeiDou 2 satellite into its predetermined transfer orbit on December 2 from the XSLC in Sichuan Province. 展开更多
关键词 The 10th beidou 2 navigation satellite Flew into Space
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Networking of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Accelerated with Two New Members
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《Aerospace China》 2012年第2期21-21,共1页
At 4:50 on April 30, China's LM-3B/I rocket, an improved type based on LM-3B, made its debut at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center and successfully sending the 12th and 13th BeiDou Navigation Satellite System sat... At 4:50 on April 30, China's LM-3B/I rocket, an improved type based on LM-3B, made its debut at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center and successfully sending the 12th and 13th BeiDou Navigation Satellite System satellites into the planned transfer orbit in space. It was the first time that China launched two BeiDou satellites with one rocket. It was 展开更多
关键词 Networking of beidou navigation satellite System Accelerated with Two New Members
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New autonomous celestial navigation method for lunar satellite 被引量:6
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作者 房建成 宁晓琳 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2003年第3期308-310,共3页
Celestial navigation system is an important autonomous navigation system widely used for deep space exploration missions, in which extended Kalman filter and the measurement of angle between celestial bodies are used ... Celestial navigation system is an important autonomous navigation system widely used for deep space exploration missions, in which extended Kalman filter and the measurement of angle between celestial bodies are used to estimate the position and velocity of explorer. In a conventional cartesian coordinate, this navigation system can not be used to achieve accurate determination of position for linearization errors of nonlinear spacecraft motion equation. A new autonomous celestial navigation method has been proposed for lunar satellite using classical orbital parameters. The error of linearizafion is reduced because orbit parameters change much more slowly than the position and velocity used in the cartesian coordinate. Simulations were made with both the cartesiane system and a system based on classical orbital parameters using extended Kalman filter under the same conditions for comparison. The results of comparison demonstrated high precision position determination of lunar satellite using this new method. 展开更多
关键词 deep space exploration lunar satellite autonomous celestial navigation extended Kalman filter
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Research on Autonomous Orbit Determination of Navigation Satellite Based on Crosslink Range and Orientation Parameters Constraining 被引量:6
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作者 CAI Zhiwu ZHAO Dongming CHEN Jinping JIAO Wenhai 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2006年第1期18-23,共6页
Autonomous navigation of navigation satellite is discussed. The method of auto-orbit determination using the erosslink range and orientation parameters constraining is put forward. On the basis of the analysis of its ... Autonomous navigation of navigation satellite is discussed. The method of auto-orbit determination using the erosslink range and orientation parameters constraining is put forward. On the basis of the analysis of its feasibility, some useful conclusions are given. 展开更多
关键词 satellite navigations autonomous navigations orbit determination
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Anti-Jamming Algorithm Based on Spatial Blind Search for Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver 被引量:1
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作者 Jining Feng Xiaobo Yang +1 位作者 Haibin Ma Jun Wang 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2020年第1期103-109,共7页
A novel subspace projection anti-jamming algorithm based on spatial blind search is proposed,which uses multiple single-constrained subspace projection parallel filters.If the direction of arrival(DOA)of a satellite s... A novel subspace projection anti-jamming algorithm based on spatial blind search is proposed,which uses multiple single-constrained subspace projection parallel filters.If the direction of arrival(DOA)of a satellite signal is unknown,the traditional subspace projection anti-jamming algorithm cannot form the correct beam pointing.To overcome the problem of the traditional subspace projection algorithm,multiple single-constrained subspace projection parallel filters are used.Every single-constrained anti-jamming subspace projection algorithm obtains the optimal weight vector by searching the DOA of the satellite signal and uses the output of cross correlation as a decision criterion.Test results show that the algorithm can suppress the jamming effectively,and generate high gain toward the desired signal.The research provides a new idea for the engineering implementation of a multi-beam anti-jamming algorithm based on subspace projection. 展开更多
关键词 global navigation satellite system(GNSS) ANTI-JAMMING SPATIAL BLIND search SUBSPACE PROJECTION
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LNA Design for Future S Band Satellite Navigation and 4G LTE Applications 被引量:1
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作者 Muhammad Arsalan Falin Wu 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2019年第5期249-261,共13页
A good design of LNA for S band satellite navigation receivers and 4G LTE wireless communication system has been implemented in this paper.Due to increased congestion in the present L band,the S Band frequency from 24... A good design of LNA for S band satellite navigation receivers and 4G LTE wireless communication system has been implemented in this paper.Due to increased congestion in the present L band,the S Band frequency from 2483.5-2500 MHz has been allocated for the future satellite navigation systems.For this purpose ATF-34143 amplifier(pHEMT)having high electron mobility and fast switching response has been chosen due to its very low Noise Figure(NF).The amplifier has been designed having bandwidth of 0.8 GHz from 1.8-2.6 GHz.Because of the large bandwidth,the amplifier could serve many wireless communication applications including 4G LTE mobile communication at 2.1 GHz.The design was implemented using the micro strip technology offering extremely low noise figure of 0.312 dB and 0.377 dB for 2.1 GHz and 2.49 GHz respectively.The gain of the amplifier was low and found to be 10.281 dB and 9.175 dB.For the purpose of increasing the gain of an amplifier,the proposed LNA design was then optimized by using Wilkinson Power Divider(WPD).The Balanced LNA design using WPD offered very low noise figure of 0.422 dB and 0.532 dB respectively and the gain was considerably increased and was found to be 20.087 dB and 17.832 dB respectively against 2.1 GHz and 2.49 GHz.Simulations and measurements were taken in Agilent Advanced Design System(ADS)software.The suggested LNA can be used for a variety of wireless communications applications including the future S band satellite navigation systems. 展开更多
关键词 LONG TERM evolution low noise AMPLIFIER wireless communication satellitenavigation global navigation satellite system wilkinson power DIVIDER
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Inter-satellite Link Topology Design and Relative Navigation for Satellite Clusters 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Qian YU Dan 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI CSCD 2022年第4期415-424,共10页
A distributed relative navigation approach via inter-satellite sensing and communication for satellite clusters is proposed. The inter-satellite link(ISL)is used for ranging and exchanging data for the relative naviga... A distributed relative navigation approach via inter-satellite sensing and communication for satellite clusters is proposed. The inter-satellite link(ISL)is used for ranging and exchanging data for the relative navigation,which can improve the autonomy of the satellite cluster. The ISL topology design problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem where the energy consumption and the navigation performance are considered. Further,the relative navigation is performed in a distributed fashion,where each satellite in the cluster makes observations and communicates with its neighbors via the ISL locally such that the transmission consumption and the computational complexity for the navigation are reduced. The ISL topology optimization problem is solved via the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm,and the consensus Kalman filter is used for the distributed relative navigation. The proposed approach is flexible to varying tasks,with satellites joining or leaving the cluster anytime,and is robust to the failure of an individual satellite. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach. 展开更多
关键词 satellite cluster relative navigation inter-satellite link network topology multi-objective optimization
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Energetic electron detection packages on board Chinese navigation satellites in MEO 被引量:1
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作者 YuGuang Ye Hong Zou +12 位作者 Qiu-Gang Zong HongFei Chen JiQing Zou WeiHong Shi XiangQian Yu WeiYing Zhong YongFu Wang YiXin Hao ZhiYang Liu XiangHong Jia Bo Wang XiaoPing Yang XiaoYun Hao 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 CSCD 2021年第2期158-179,共22页
Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)de... Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)deployed on three Chinese navigation satellites in medium Earth orbit(MEO)is reviewed.The instrument was developed by the space science payload team led by Peking University.The EEDP includes a pinhole medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES),a high-energy electron detector(HED)based onΔE-E telescope technology,and a deep dielectric charging monitor(DDCM).The MES measures the energy spectra of 50−600 keV electrons from nine directions with a 180°×30°field of view(FOV).The HED measures the energy spectrum of 0.5−3.0 MeV electrons from one direction with a 30°cone-angle FOV.The ground test and calibration results indicate that these three sensors exhibit excellent performance.Preliminary observations show that the electron spectra measured by the MES and HED are in good agreement with the results from the magnetic electron-ion spectrometer(MagEIS)of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft,with an average relative deviation of 27.3%for the energy spectra.The charging currents and voltages measured by the DDCM during storms are consistent with the highenergy electron observations of the HED,demonstrating the effectiveness of the DDCM.The observations of the EEDP on board the three MEO satellites can provide important support for theoretical research on the radiation belts and the applications related to space weather. 展开更多
关键词 radiation belts energetic electron detection Pin-hole technology Chinese navigation satellites MEO internal charging
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The principle of a navigation constellation composed of SIGSO communication satellites 被引量:1
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作者 Hai-Fu Ji Li-Hua Ma +1 位作者 Guo-Xiang Ai Hu-Li Shi 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第4期479-489,共11页
The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), a navigation system based on geostafionary orbit (GEO) communication satellites, was developed in 2002 by astronomers at Chinese Academy of Sciences. Extensive positioni... The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), a navigation system based on geostafionary orbit (GEO) communication satellites, was developed in 2002 by astronomers at Chinese Academy of Sciences. Extensive positioning experiments of CAPS have been performed since 2005. On the basis of CAPS, this paper studies the principle of a navigation constellation composed of slightly inclined geostationary orbit (SIGSO) communication satellites. SIGSO satellites are derived from GEO satellites which are near the end of their operational life by inclined orbit operation. Considering the abundant frequency resources of SIGSO satellites, multi-frequency observations could be conducted to enhance the precision of pseudorange measurements and ameliorate the positioning performance. A constellation composed of two GEO satellites and four SIGSO satellites with an inclination of 5° can provide service to most of the territory of China with a maximum position dilution of precision (PDOP) over 24 h of less than 42. With synthetic utilization of the truncated precise code and a physical augmentation factor in four frequencies, the navigation system with this constellation is expected to obtain comparable positioning performance to that of the coarse acquisition code of the Global Positioning System (GPS). When the new method of code-carrier phase combinations is adopted, the system has the potential to possess commensurate accuracy with the precise code in GPS. Additionally, the copious frequency resources can also be used to develop new anti-interference techniques and integrate navigation and communication. 展开更多
关键词 astrometry and celestial mechanics - astronomy application-artificial satellite - satellite navigation constellation
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Evaluation of global navigation satellite system spoofing efficacy 被引量:2
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作者 WANG Yue SUN Fuping +2 位作者 HAO Jinming ZHANG Lundong WANG Xian 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第6期1238-1257,共20页
The spoofing capability of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)represents an important confrontational capability for navigation security,and the success of planned missions may depend on the effective evaluation ... The spoofing capability of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)represents an important confrontational capability for navigation security,and the success of planned missions may depend on the effective evaluation of spoofing capability.However,current evaluation systems face challenges arising from the irrationality of previous weighting methods,inapplicability of the conventional multi-attribute decision-making method and uncertainty existing in evaluation.To solve these difficulties,considering the validity of the obtained results,an evaluation method based on the game aggregated weight model and a joint approach involving the grey relational analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(GRA-TOPSIS)are firstly proposed to determine the optimal scheme.Static and dynamic evaluation results under different schemes are then obtained via a fuzzy comprehensive assessment and an improved dynamic game method,to prioritize the deceptive efficacy of the equipment accurately and make pointed improvement for its core performance.The use of judging indicators,including Spearman rank correlation coefficient and so on,combined with obtained evaluation results,demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method and the optimal scheme by the horizontal comparison of different methods and vertical comparison of evaluation results.Finally,the results of field measurements and simulation tests show that the proposed method can better overcome the difficulties of existing methods and realize the effective evaluation. 展开更多
关键词 Global navigation satellite System(GNSS)spoofing index system for spoofing strategy game aggregated weight model grey relational analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(GRA-TOPSIS)method dynamic game method
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Compact and broadband circularly polarized ring antenna with wide beam-width for multiple global navigation satellite systems
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作者 Zhang Hong-Lin Hu Bin-Jie Zhang Xiu-Yin 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第2期521-525,共5页
A compact and broadband circularly polarized (CP) annular ring antenna with wide beam-width is proposed for multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the L1 band. The annular ring is excited by two mo... A compact and broadband circularly polarized (CP) annular ring antenna with wide beam-width is proposed for multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the L1 band. The annular ring is excited by two modified L-probes with quadrature phase difference. It has a 36.3% 10-dB return loss bandwidth and a 13% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, because of the orthogonal L-probes with 90° phase difference. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 3.9 dBic. It can detect the satellites at lower elevation as its half power beam-width (HPBW) is 113° in both the x-z and y-z planes, achieving a cross-polarization level of larger than 25 dB. Noticeably, the antenna achieves 89% size reduction compared with the conventional half wavelength patch antennas. It can be used in hand-held navigation devices of multiple GNSS such as COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS. 展开更多
关键词 global navigation satellite system annular ring antenna circular polarization wide beam-width
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