三联书店版、董乐山译《西行漫记》——Red Star over China汉译史上的经典译本

美国人埃德加·斯诺在1936年作为第一个西方记者,进入陕北苏区采访,写作了Red Star over China(《红星照耀中国》)。这部由外国人写作的关于中国红区的英文作品"墙外开花墙内香",英文的《红星照耀中国》借由中文的《西行漫记》等译本在中国产生了极大的震撼与巨大的影响,众多中译本,绵延流传,这些译作可以说具有可与原作相媲美的历史意义,其中1979年三联书店出版、董乐山翻译的《西行漫记》凭借"天时地利人和",成为了《红星》汉译史上的经典译本。

Red Star Over China汉译出版史及翻译研究论略

Red Star Over China在国内翻译出版史已达80多年,通过重译、重版、节译等各种方式传播。80多年来,其汉译基本经历了开创期、发展期、低潮期和繁荣期四个时期,其汉译样式和出版等不同时期段呈现出不同的形态特征。改革开放后学界开始关注Red Star Over China汉译的学理问题,但现有研究大多围绕出版社、翻译家思想和译本特征三大主题展开研究,缺乏Red Star Over China汉译发展史的系统性研究。从翻译学的角度讨论Red Star Over China汉译对中国革命的推动、中国共产党的建设乃至中华民族的建构,都将是后续研究展开的重要选题。

意识形态操控论视角下Red Star over China的中译名流变研究

抗战时期,美国新闻记者埃德加·斯诺(Edgar Snow)汇集了多篇关于红色中国革命与战争的通讯报告,合为Red Star over China一书。该书出版后,国内出现了各类中译本,包括雏形本、全译本、节译本和抽印本等,各译本对应的译名不一,风格各异。文章基于美国翻译学者安德烈·勒菲弗尔(AndréLefevere)的意识形态操控论,对Red Star over China在不同历史时期的各类中译名进行比较分析,并剖析各历史时期社会主流意识形态的变化,以期研究社会主流意识形态及译者个人意识形态对翻译活动的影响。

原文错漏信息翻译的伦理困境——以Red Star Over China董乐山译本为例

埃德加·斯诺创作的Red Star Over China因文体的特殊性和英汉两种文化的差异性，译者在翻译中如何处理源语文化与目的语文化伦理关系问题。本文拟在翻译伦理的关照下，利用文献分析法，分析董译本对错漏信息翻译的伦理困境。

Behind“Two Chinas”:Orientalism in Edgar Snow’s Red Star Over China

With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach of“two Chinas”Snow described in this book.Orientalism is considered as the dominant and only ideology through the comparative reading of Red China and White China.However,Snow complicates Said’s orientalism and adopts Pratt’s“anti-conquest narrative”strategy when describing“two Chinas”.This essay explores the textual representation of“two Chinas”through unpacking issues such as political condition,historical context and ideological approach.It also examines the literary techniques involved in the textual construction of both Red and White Chinas in the same Chinese territory in late 1930s.

Landscape Space Creation of Red Star·Xintiandi Exhibition Area in Liuzhou

The landscape design of the Red Star·Xintiandi Exhibition Area in Liuzhou is studied. The landscape design of the main space includes entrance( declaration),vestibule( etiquette),entrance hall( distinguished),reception area( communication) and courtyard( artistic conception). The space design of plant landscape includes diversified plant configurations( multiple angels,multiple choices,and multiple levels) and artistic conception of plant space( colors,light and shadow,aroma and culture).

Static spherically symmetric star in Gauss-Bonnet gravity

We explore static spherically symmetric stars in Gauss-Bonnet gravity without a cosmological constant, and present an exact internal solution which attaches to the exterior vacuum solution outside stars. It turns out that the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term with a positive coupling constant completely changes thermal and gravitational energies, and the upper bound of the red shift of spectral lines from the surface of stars. Unlike in general relativity, the upper bound of the red shift is dependent on the density of stars in our case. Moreover, we have proven that two theorems for judging the stability of equilibrium of stars in general relativity can hold in Gauss-Bonnet gravity.

^(12)CO emission from the Red Rectangle

Observations of an unprecedented quality made by ALMA on the Red Rectangle of CO（3-2） and CO（6-5） emissions are analysed jointly with the aim of obtaining as simple as possible a description of the gas morphology and kinematics. Evidence is found for polar conical outflows and for a broad equatorial torus in rotation and expansion. Simple models of both are proposed. Comparing CO（6-5） and CO（3-2） emissions provides evidence for a strong temperature enhancement over the polar outflows. Continuum emission （dust） is seen to be enhanced in the equatorial region. Observed asymmetries are briefly discussed.

Avoided crossings between non-radial modes in low mass RGB stars

Non-radial p modes and g modes appear simultaneously in red giant stars. Their frequencies have different variation rates,causing their frequencies to become close during stellar evolution so that avoided crossings appear.The separation between regions where acoustic waves and gravity waves propagate for l=1,2 and 3 is different,which results in the coupling efficiency also being different.We present the results of numerical computations of the models we study.We find that the two kinds of modes for l=2 and 3 need to be closer in frequency in order for a complete exchange to occur,compared to the case for modes with l=1.Their scaled oscillation frequencies also present better regularity with evolution than modes with l=1. In order to study the effect of the avoided crossings in detail,we set the mode which has the smallest mode inertia to be the p mode.We plot the two kinds of modes for l =1,2 and 3 in frequency and periodéchelle diagrams and find modes of l=2 and 3 fit the two relations better;they are more equally spaced in frequency and period than modes with l=1.Under careful observation of the two kinds oféchelle diagrams for l=2 and 3,we still find that some p modes shift a little from being equally spaced in frequency and some g modes,which are close to those p modes in period,shift a little from being equally spaced in period.Then,we study the relation between the deviation from period being equally spaced and the mode inertia of g modes for different l.The g modes of l=1 with a period closer to the p mode have less inertia and the deviation is bigger in the periodéchelle diagram.Their deviation is also obvious. However g modes of l=2 and 3 shift a little or have almost no deviation from being equally spaced in period,even though some of them may have strong coupling and close mode inertia like in the p modes.So,we suggest a possible method for measuring period spacing of g modes precisely using mixed g modes with l=2 and 3 that have fewer observed mixed g modes than for l=1.

与艾滋病患者同在：CONVERSE X PRODUCT RED

一个是已经有着90年悠久历史且如今依然大热的CONVERSE ALL STAR,一个是爱尔兰著名摇滚乐团U2的主唱BONO,另一个是非洲贸易爱滋DATA-DERT组织主席Babby Shriver,这三个看似没有任何关系的人和事物却有机的联系在一起，共同发起了PRODUCT RED计划，而PPOOUCT RED 则授权CONVERSE推出RED产品.

红学的晚清形态

晚清列强入侵使国家面临沦亡深渊,社会诸矛盾趋于白炽化,西方文化传入也引起激烈碰撞与交融,红学形态在晚清时出现了新变化。传统的红学著述不多,而考察近代新出现的报刊可以发现,其中蕴含了内容丰富、形式多样、传播甚广的红学形态,包括:围绕《红楼梦》的价值评估出现了激烈的争论,新形势下各小说流派则多以《红楼梦》为创作楷模,各种续红之作则显示了与现实紧密结合的新特点。

济南红色报刊收藏机构文献保护与开发利用研究

本文以济南地区红色报刊收藏机构所藏文献为研究对象,揭示红色报刊保护、开发和利用现状,探索制定具有针对性、可行性的抢救性整理方案,并探寻红色报刊综合性开发路径,为各地开展红色报刊保护与开发利用提供参考经验,推动红色文化传承。

文化回译视角下抗战文学汉译研究——以《红星照耀中国》为例

文化回译是一种特殊的翻译现象,旨在将用A国语言描写B国文化的跨国文学作品译为B国语言并使其回归B国文化。从文化回译视角出发,综合运用文献法、归纳法、案例分析法来研究《红星照耀中国》董乐山汉译本,根据谭载喜提出的“还原式”和“建构/重构式”文化回译理论,归纳并阐释回译本中涉及专有名词、专业术语、文化负载词的语言回译和涉及信息缺失表达、解释性表达、误读表达的文化回译所采取的翻译方法与策略,以期指导抗战文学的回译实践,推动中国“红色文化”的对外交流与传播。

抗战背景下《西行漫记》译者社会化行为探析

以往译者行为批评研究秉承从文本内到文本外的分析路径取得了客观合理的研究结果,但译者行为与历史语境之间的互动关系尚未得到足够关注。历史语境制约译者行为,有必要从历史语境切入对译者行为加以批评分析,可以充分阐释译者的特定行为表现,并有效揭示译者的特定社会作用。探究Red Star Over China首个汉译本《西行漫记》译者的社会化行为发现,译者适时改写原文意义实现行为的社会化转型,为中国抗战胜利起到了重要作用。

《西行漫记》与延安时期中国共产党形象传播话语建构

延安时期中国共产党所建构的传播话语体系仍旧是当今中国传播话语体系建构的主要参照系。作为延安时期中国共产党形象传播话语建构的典范,《西行漫记》被誉为“忠实描绘中国红色区域的第一本著作”,其发表也“标志着西方了解中国的新纪元”。中国共产党通过埃德加·斯诺的《西行漫记》实现了自身正面形象的传播。从一定意义上说《,西行漫记》是中国共产党和埃德加·斯诺两者共同建构话语开展政党形象传播的具体实践,双方以《西行漫记》为载体建构了认同聚合的传播关系、增强了话语主体主导力,形成双向共振的议题设置、优化了传播话语引领力,建构情感共融的话语方式、增强了传播话语感染力。

刺梨果渣多孔碳材料的制备与应用

多孔碳材料具有成本低、原料供应多样、比表面积较大、电化学特性出色等特点,成为一种极具环保意义的材料。本研究以贵州刺梨加工企业废弃果渣为原料进行多孔碳材料制备,以对刚果红吸附量为指标,通过单因素实验确定响应面设计的因素与水平,采用星点设计-响应面法对多孔碳材料制备工艺进行优化,得到最佳制备工艺。实验结果表明,多孔碳材料的最佳制备工艺为:碳化温度为565℃,碳化时间为6 h,吸附温度为32℃,在此条件下,实验得到吸附率为82.12%,吸附量为8.212 mg/g,与预测值相近。3个因素对刺梨果渣吸附刚果红的吸附率、吸附量的影响依次是:碳化温度>碳化时间>吸附温度。对多孔碳材料进行比表面积、扫描电镜表征,结果表明多孔碳材料比表面积为1.0537 m^(2)/g,孔容为0.0069 cm^(2)/g,孔径大小为37.1485 nm,制备的多孔碳材料为介孔多孔碳材料,多孔碳材料颗粒多为圆柱状结构和不规则的多边形。此研究可为贵州刺梨加工企业废弃果渣的回收利用提供新思路、新途径。

成为“群众的报纸”:瑞金时期《红色中华》办报模式转型

瑞金时期,在由城市转向农村的办报实践中,既有的办报模式不能适应新环境的需要,以《红色中华》为代表的党报党刊发生模式转变,逐渐形成依靠群众的办报模式。本文以《红色中华》为视点,通过该报在瑞金时期的报刊实践发现,《红色中华》从创办之初以公示和政论为主的“命令和指令的机关”转变为信息多样、贴近群众的“群众的报纸”。这一转变反映了根据地成立之初党报从城市到农村的变化过程,同时表现出党内对列宁党报理论经历了从认识与改造到结合苏区斗争实践的反思过程。这一转变也与延安时期群众办报的观念遥相呼应。

社会符号学视角下《红星照耀中国》的译创解读

《红星照耀中国》是西方世界认识中国的基础教科书,也是国外了解中国共产党和中国革命的权威著作,承载了丰富的文化信息。在《红星照耀中国》的译创过程中,埃德加·斯诺充分利用了其英语母语并懂中文的优势,对红色中国的社会与文化进行了独特的解读,从而为欧美读者所接受。社会符号学翻译理论强调翻译是一种跨语言、跨文化的交际过程,翻译的过程就是在译语中寻求功能对等的过程,在意义上则尽量忠实于原语。文章借助于社会符号学翻译理论阐释《红星照耀中国》一书译创过程中意义的选择,结果表明译者深刻地领悟了原语语言文化,成功地在译文中转换传递了其言内、指称和语用意义。