Korean potential approach to the multi-lateralization of the nuclear fuel cycle

To prevent the worldwide dissemination of nuclear sensitive technologies and strengthen the safeguards of the nuclear facilities at the same time, the international society has begun to discuss the “multilateral nuclear fuel cycle approach (MNA)”. This kind of discussion will be more vigorous due to the recent nuclear activeties in Iran and North Korean and the Fukushima nuclear power plants accidents. If the MNA would be implemented someday, not even in the immediate future, Korea could be subject to a serious situation since it imports 100% of raw material for nuclear fuel. Hence, this paper reviews the 12 previous MNA proposals and discusses a potential Korean approach to MNA that Korea is able to take.

Analysis of Sustainability Based on Life Cycle Assessment： An Empirical Study of Wine Production

The environmental planning and the current policy initiatives in European Union are aimed at continuous improvement of the productive fabric, heading toward a system in which the ＂quality＂ of products will no longer regardless of their environmental impacts. In this context, the methodology of LCA （life cycle assessment） is certainly one of the most innovative methods in the field of environmental protection as it allows evaluating the environmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity by identifying and quantifying material and energy consumption and environmental emissions. The objectives focus on finding the main impacts of the wine life cycle, as well as identifying crucial activities/stages in the wine production which establish the largest impacts. This paper＇s objective is to expose the advantages resulting from the use of the LCA method in the wine production sector, with a specific application to wine production in the Tuscany region.

Regional Innovation Policies for High-Technology Firms： The Importance of the Cluster Life Cycle

The present work makes an in-depth analysis of an aspect not yet sufficiently examined by the studies into regional innovation systems, relating to why the policy makers must adopt regional innovation policies in accordance with the development cycle of the active clusters in the territory. The analysis carried out in the course of the work contributes towards understanding the validity of an evolutionary-type development model for which the regional innovation policies for the growth of high-tech firms should dynamically change in relation to the various cluster stages. The development model proposed provides a framework for the policy makers in order to state more efficiently through time the regional innovation strategies.

INFLUENCING PARAMETERS OF THE LIFE CYCLE COST-ENERGY RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDINGS

Buildings contribute around 45%of the world’s energy consumption.Reducing energy demand in buildings therefore plays a vital role in addressing the depletion of energy resources and associated environmental issues.Previous research explored the optimisations of the costs and energy consumption of buildings,but often overlooked the connections,tradeoffs and synergies between them.The aim of this paper is thus to develop a theoretical model of the influencing parameters of the life cycle cost-energy relationship(LCCER)of buildings using the Political,Economic,Sociocultural,Technological,Environmental and Legal(PESTEL)analytical framework.is study was carried out through a critical literature review,model development and validation through case studies with four zero or nearly zero energy building projects carefully selected from the European Union and Australia.The developed model addresses the buildings’LCCER by identifying the key influencing parameters and explicating the mechanisms(namely,the simultaneous and unilateral effects)by which the identified parameters affect such relationship.The important influencing parameters were found to reside in two aspects:(1)internal project designs covering building characteristics,building structure and function,and construction process,and(2)external environments covering climate,economic condition,occupant behaviour,policy and regulation,and buildings’lifespan focused in the studies.Various statistical correlations were found to exist between the costs and energy consumption of the studied cases.It is summarised that these correlations may be attributable to the synergy between the simultaneous and unilateral effects of the identified parameters.The developed model contributes a systemic approach to examining the building’s life cycle economics and energy in a comparative manner.

Two Approaches of Substance Flow Analysis—An Inspiration from Fluid Mechanics

That flow is the common feature of substance flow and fluid flow is the viewpoint emphasized in the paper. Some notes on fluid mechanics, including the two approaches of fluid flow description, were given. The concepts of the chain and the chain group of product life cycles, which are essential for understanding the specific features of substance flow, were advanced. Taking the specific feature of substance flow into consideration, on the analogy of the two approaches in fluid mechanics, two approaches of substance flow analysis, i.e. L method and E model, were formulated. Illustrative models of steady and unsteady substance flow were sketched by both methods, and comparison between them was made in general.

STUDIES ON FOREST WATER CYCLING

Principal ideas, research approaches and installations in both Liangshui and Maoershan Ecological Stations were diseussed. Significance of comparability and synchronous detennination in research methods were stressed. Comparison analysis was done on the results gained from diferent methods. Adaptive mechanisms of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) to drought and unproductive sites wer expounded through hydrological cycling studies. Surface runoff and flood peak were decreased and the developing processes of flood peak were postponed or delayed because of the presence of huge forest canopy and forest floor. However, the conclusions of forest influences on total runoff,especially in spring and in the dry season t are significant to agricultul practices in notheast China and turned out contrary for satershed sizes or different approaches, which should be studied further.

Product Family Design Methodology Using Object-Oriented Approach

The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m ass production efficiency, which is the main philosophy of mass customization. P roduct family design is research focus at present and also is the core technolog y of DFMC (design for mass customization). Firstly, this paper explores the fund amental issues of product family, such as concepts of modularity, commonality/di versity, product platform and product family architecture etc. We compare the te rminology between product family and object-oriented approach in the next step. Thirdly, this paper puts forwards one product family design methodology based o n product platform and under different phase of product life cycle constrains, f or example, functional, assembly and service etc. At the end section of this pap er, we applied, the object-oriented approach in above mentioned product family design methodology to realize the design process. In one word, this paper propos ed one product family design methodology based on object oriented approach and p roduct life cycle consideration, especially the conjointness of characteristic o f OOA and concepts of product family. The main property of OOA are encapsulation , inherence and polymorphism. Encapsulation can represent the module or building blocks of product family. Inherence can be extended to describe the modularity and commonality, and also be used to construct variant space. Alternative specif ic of product family architecture can be embodied with polymorphism. And fin aly, we give the future work contents. In order to derive the product platform a nd achieve modularity and commonality/diversity, interface management between bu ilding block is necessary. The question is how the OOA can be applied in interfa ce management to get our aim OOA is the basis of many information management sy stem, then the question is how to build one system to manage the information of product family and support mass customization The third question is how to deve lop one computer aided tool to facilitate the application of OOA for product fam ily design, even be used to category of design for mass customization.

Adaptive Route Sink Relocation Using Cluster Head Chain Cycling Model in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)have revolutionized the processes involved in industrial communication.However,the most important challenge faced by WSN sensors is the presence of limited energy.Multiple research inves-tigations have been conducted so far on how to prolong the energy in WSN.This phenomenon is a result of inability of the network to have battery powered-sensor terminal.Energy-efficient routing on packetflow is a parallel phenomenon to delay nature,whereas the primary energy gets wasted as a result of WSN holes.Energy holes are present in the vicinity of sink and it is an important efficient-routing protocol for WSNs.In order to solve the issues discussed above,an energy-efficient routing protocol is proposed in this study named as Adaptive Route Decision Sink Relocation Protocol using Cluster Head Chain Cycling approach(ARDSR-CHC2H).The proposed method aims at improved communica-tion at sink-inviting routes.At this point,Cluster Head Node(CHN)is selected,since it consumes low energy and permits one node to communicate with others in two groups.The main purpose of the proposed model is to reduce energy con-sumption and define new interchange technology.A comparison of simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieved low cluster creation time,better network error and high Packet Delivery Rate with less network failure.

A Matrix-Based Approach for Sustainability in Product Design

The paper proposes a matrix-based approach that a designer can use to evaluate the sustainability of one or more design solutions in the conceptual phase of a product development process. The methodology is structured in two main phases. In the first one, a data structure, called Augmented-DSM （Design Structure Matrix）, has to be drawn in order to collect design information such as functional links among product components, indicators that provide information about the life cycle of each element, connections with the environment and toward other systems. The matrix is based on a DSM format, where new records were introduced to store and organize different types of data and an editing protocol was formalized. In the second stage, a set of procedures have to be applied in order to evaluate sustainability of a design solution and compare it with the others. The presented procedures, in fact, allow designers to assess a product in its proper characteristics, evaluate a device during its use stage and verify the coherence of links present in the functional model. This new approach is conceived to manage different performance indicators and, as a support tool, it is an attempt to aid designers in a quantitative evaluation.

甘肃省农牧交错区典型样带家畜生产系统碳平衡

评估甘肃省农牧交错区典型样带的家畜碳平衡,以猪、牛、羊为研究对象,通过将家畜按月龄分为4个阶段,运用生命周期法,评估1991-2020年家畜碳排放规律和2016-2020年农牧交错区不同地区相同月龄的家畜生产系统的碳排放、碳吸收和碳平衡值,单因素方差分析不同区域家畜的碳平衡差异性.结果表明:(1)近30年碌曲县家畜的碳排放要远高于安定区和临夏县.(2)近5年来碌曲县7-12月龄家畜的平均碳排放量为1.0209×10^(5)kg/t,占碳排放总量的18.45%;安定区为5.273×10^(4)kg/t,占9.52%;临夏县为4.135×10^(4)kg/t,占7.5%.碌曲县家畜碳排放年均增长率为2.02%,临夏县为6.7%,安定区为20.57%.(3)7-18月龄家畜碳平衡值表明,碌曲县的碳源作用显著强于安定区与临夏县(p<0.05),而安定区的碳源作用与临夏县差异无统计学意义(p>0.05).综合对比碌曲县、临夏县和安定区家畜碳平衡值,得出家畜碳源能力随着海拔的升高而显著增强;7-18月龄的家畜是碳排放量贡献最大者,占家畜碳排放总量的75.6%.

A Review of Modeling Approaches and Tools for the Off-design Simulation of Organic Rankine Cycle

Organic Rankine Cycles(ORCs) are an effective way to produce electricity from low-grade heat sources, which cannot be effectively obtained using conventional high-temperature Rankine cycles. Due to the lack of available information regarding the real Organic Rankine Cycle units on industrial level, off-design simulation under diversified operating conditions plays a significant role for both the system performance prediction and control strategy design. This paper summarizes the theoretical basis, modeling approaches and tools for ORC off-design simulations. Firstly, a review was conducted on the individual state-of-the-art convective heat transfer correlations and void fraction models. Secondly, different kinds of modeling approaches and simulation tools were proposed, highlighting their relevant characteristics, and were categorized for their specific applications. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of technical challenges related to various applications and focusing on the model accuracy and complexity, computational efficiency, as well as the model compatibility were extensively described and discussed. Finally, the current research trends in this field and the development for further investigations were presented.

A review of data-driven whole-life state of health prediction for lithium-ion batteries:Data preprocessing,aging characteristics,algorithms,and future challenges

Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred green energy storage method and are equipped with intelligent battery management systems(BMSs)that efficiently manage the batteries.This not only ensures the safety performance of the batteries but also significantly improves their efficiency and reduces their damage rate.Throughout their whole life cycle,lithium-ion batteries undergo aging and performance degradation due to diverse external environments and irregular degradation of internal materials.This degradation is reflected in the state of health(SOH)assessment.Therefore,this review offers the first comprehensive analysis of battery SOH estimation strategies across the entire lifecycle over the past five years,highlighting common research focuses rooted in data-driven methods.It delves into various dimensions such as dataset integration and preprocessing,health feature parameter extraction,and the construction of SOH estimation models.These approaches unearth hidden insights within data,addressing the inherent tension between computational complexity and estimation accuracy.To enha nce support for in-vehicle implementation,cloud computing,and the echelon technologies of battery recycling,remanufacturing,and reuse,as well as to offer insights into these technologies,a segmented management approach will be introduced in the future.This will encompass source domain data processing,multi-feature factor reconfiguration,hybrid drive modeling,parameter correction mechanisms,and fulltime health management.Based on the best SOH estimation outcomes,health strategies tailored to different stages can be devised in the future,leading to the establishment of a comprehensive SOH assessment framework.This will mitigate cross-domain distribution disparities and facilitate adaptation to a broader array of dynamic operation protocols.This article reviews the current research landscape from four perspectives and discusses the challenges that lie ahead.Researchers and practitioners can gain a comprehensive understanding of battery SOH estimation methods,offering valuable insights for the development of advanced battery management systems and embedded application research.

电网企业标准数字化能力成熟度模型构建研究

标准数字化正日益成为国际与国内发展的核心趋势。为实现转型升级,企业需要科学分析和评估其标准数字化能力。现有研究多聚焦企业数字化转型成熟度模型和标准数字化能力等级通用模型两个领域,针对特定行业或公司实际业务层面的标准数字化能力成熟度评估模型研究尚显不足。借鉴能力成熟度模型(capability maturity model,CMM)思想,结合标准全生命周期管理和电网企业技术标准实施情况,开展专家访谈,构建了一个结构清晰的标准数字化能力成熟度模型,该模型包括5个标准数字化能力域和7个标准数字化过程域这两大维度。以国家电网某公司业扩报装场景为例,采用二维表评估方法,得到该公司在这一业务场景下的标准数字化能力达到L2探索级,验证了模型的实际应用效果。

On limit cycle chattering in sliding mode control systems under the influence of sampling intervals based on describing function approach

In this paper, the influence of sampling intervals on the chattering in sliding mode （SM） control systems is considered. The describing function （DF） approach is employed to analyze the chattering characteristics in the sampling SM control. By the DF calculations and limit cycle existence conditions, an unstable limit cycle and two stable limit cycles are found in the SM control system. The frequencies and amplitudes of the two limit cycles can also be estimated by graphical calculations. The estimation accuracy of chattering parameters is evaluated by the simulations. The results of simulations show that the system could converge to a large and a small limit cycle from different initial conditions.

基于OPA法的电网基础设施全生命周期低碳评价体系研究

为深化电网工程建设减碳管理,实现电网基础设施建设绿色转型,基于全生命周期视角,综合运用文献研究、项目走访和专家调研等方法,构建了涵盖5个关键项目阶段、16个一级指标和47个二级指标的电网基础设施建设工程低碳评价指标体系。使用OPA方法计算指标权重,制定了全生命周期各阶段的低碳评价标准,并进行评价方法的实例应用。结果表明,全生命周期各阶段最重要的一级指标分别为低碳设计策划、利用自然条件、建筑材料选择、节能电网设备和分类回收等5个指标,所提指标体系为电网基础设施建设工程的低碳评价提供了一种快速、准确、简便的科学评价方法,可进一步提升电网基础设施建设工程的低碳减排水平。

上海市某典型建筑企业碳排放现状与减排路径研究

建筑业广泛而深刻地影响着国民经济的发展,建筑企业承担的管理活动直接影响着行业管理的质量。以上海市某典型建筑企业为例,以全生命周期的视角,对企业运营边界与组织架构进行分析,基于项目施工图、预算书、工料机清单等多种数据,核算了该建筑企业自身和对供应链的碳排放贡献,研究发现该企业范围三的碳排放对供应链的碳排放贡献占全生命周期碳排放的98%,未来应积极探索设备能效提升、新能源替代以及工艺优化等措施,有针对性地带动行业上下游产业链共同减碳。

A proposed approach for detecting terahertz pulses by using double few-cycle laser pulses with opposite carrier envelope phases

Previous research shows that few-cycle laser（FCL） pulses with low energy and without a bias field can be used to coherently detect terahertz（THz） pulses. As we know, it is very difficult to stabilize the carrier envelope phase（CEP） of FCL pulses, i.e., there are some random fluctuations for the CEP. Here we theoretically investigate the influence of such instability on the accuracy of THz detection. Our results show that although there is an optimum CEP for THz detection, the fluctuations of the CEP will lead to terrible thorns on the detected THz waveform. In order to solve this problem, we propose an approach using two few-cycle laser pulses with opposite CEPs, i.e., their CEPs are differed by π.

水文学方法的演进与诠释

基于水文学的定义和内涵,应用描述性-解释性-人本性的思想方法,从问题、学科、方法3个维度入手,总结出水文科学发展演进的3条主线,剖析了各条主线不同阶段之间的辨证关系,并认为:体现上述3个维度的3条主线相互交叉,在研究对象、科学认知、方法手段和技术平台层面会形成水文学科新的生长点。针对地球水圈系统复杂多变的态势,加之水文学理论的发展曾受到方法的分割和不同方法之间互不交流的妨碍,诠释了水文学中的经验性方法与理论性公式之间的关系,并着重解读了确定性方法与随机性途径之间对立统一的相容性,最后阐述了背景环境变化和不确定性干扰情形下采取各种不同思维方式的"组合"来研究水文循环路径/过程"组合"的重要性。

冻融循环对土结构性影响的机理与定量研究方法

冻融循环对不同土的结构性具有不同的影响效果,通过探讨冻融循环对土结构性影响的机理,认为土的三相组成是水分相变和水分迁移的基础;在冻融过程中,土的三相比例与分布在不断地发生变化,导致土的结构性随冻融循环发生改变.对土的结构性要素进行了讨论,建立了适于定量分析的结构性要素层次划分体系,定义"冻融结构势"作为土体结构性的定量参数,提出用结构性要素在冻融循环过程中的变化率来估计土体的损伤比,初步探索了冻融循环对土结构性影响的定量研究方法.

材料多轴高低周疲劳失效准则的研究进展

多轴疲劳自研究以来,对于高周疲劳和低周疲劳分别出现了许多方法和准则。高周多轴疲劳的研究准则包括等效应力准则、临界面应力准则和应力不变量准则,其中研究比较多的是临界面应力准则。低周多轴疲劳的研究准则包括等效应变准则、临界面应变准则和能量准则,其中研究比较多的是临界面应变准则和能量准则。在这些准则中,真正普遍接受和有工程价值的并不多。文中就国内外多轴疲劳研究发展中比较有价值的准则进行概括和总结,简述各种准则的优缺点及其适用范围。