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基于混合方法研究的社区卫生服务中心开展乳腺癌筛查焦点问题分析
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作者 陆鑫林 刘雪薇 +2 位作者 高蓓 王彦博 芦文丽 《中国全科医学》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第19期2409-2414,2420,共7页
背景社区卫生服务中心是负责乳腺癌初筛的主要“阵地”,在其开展乳腺癌筛查过程中常受到许多因素制约,筛查效果难以保证。目的分析乳腺癌筛查项目在真实世界的焦点问题并探讨相应解决途径。方法采用混合方法研究的聚敛式设计,收集定量... 背景社区卫生服务中心是负责乳腺癌初筛的主要“阵地”,在其开展乳腺癌筛查过程中常受到许多因素制约,筛查效果难以保证。目的分析乳腺癌筛查项目在真实世界的焦点问题并探讨相应解决途径。方法采用混合方法研究的聚敛式设计,收集定量与定性数据。定量研究探究现场运行存在的问题:采用典型抽样法,于2021年4月—2022年11月在天津市4个区各选取1家社区卫生服务中心作为调查机构;采用偶遇抽样法,选取4家机构周围3 km内适龄女性作为居民调查对象。定性研究采用目的抽样法,于2022年6—11月对天津市9个区的9名受筛居民、12名参筛医生及4名分管领导进行半结构化访谈,运用扎根理论分析访谈内容,绘制乳腺癌筛查焦点问题扎根理论框架图。结合文献、典型调查数据进行混合方法研究,确定乳腺癌筛查的焦点问题。结果定量研究结果:在宣传工作中,机构宣传方式传统,居民的知晓率、参与率分别为46.3%(143/309)、32.4%(100/309);在筛查工作中,机构投入人力、物力不尽相同,筛查居民平均等待时长占总时长62.2%(40.5/65.1);在随访转诊工作中,人力物力投入少,居民钼靶转诊依从性为29.9%(59/197)。定性研究结果:访谈内容共形成38个综合开放式编码并汇聚为10个主轴编码和3个核心编码(宣传组织、筛查组织和随访转诊)。混合研究结果:最终确定3个焦点问题,即“如何提高居民参与率”“如何确保筛查机构人力和物力充足”“如何提高居民钼靶转诊依从性”。结论乳腺癌筛查效果受宣传组织、筛查组织及随访转诊三方面共同影响。为保证乳腺癌筛查取得实质性进展,优化乳腺癌筛查效果,需合理分配资源,确保筛查机构人力和物力充足;创新宣传方式,扩大宣传覆盖面,提升居民健康素养,提高参与率和钼靶转诊依从性。 展开更多
关键词 乳腺肿瘤 基层医疗卫生机构 癌症早期检测 扎根理论 焦点问题 混合研究
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早期敦煌佛教歌辞研究史 被引量:2
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作者 郑骥 伏俊琏 《西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2016年第4期51-56,共6页
敦煌佛教歌辞作品数量约800首,是为敦煌歌辞之最大宗,在唐五代敦煌文学风貌、敦煌佛教世俗化及其发展传播、古代音乐文学源流嬗递等研究领域,都具有重要价值。1950年代前,中国敦煌学的奠基者们从歌辞写本及具体作品的搜集著录、佛教歌... 敦煌佛教歌辞作品数量约800首,是为敦煌歌辞之最大宗,在唐五代敦煌文学风貌、敦煌佛教世俗化及其发展传播、古代音乐文学源流嬗递等研究领域,都具有重要价值。1950年代前,中国敦煌学的奠基者们从歌辞写本及具体作品的搜集著录、佛教歌辞的辨识和定性分类、曲调源流的考证梳理、与民间文学及传世文献中相似文本的关系,以及基于新材料的佛教史再探讨等不同角度,对敦煌佛教歌辞这一珍贵佛教音乐文学文献展开了具有开创意义的初步整理和研究工作。 展开更多
关键词 敦煌 佛教歌辞 研究史 早期
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佛经翻译与清末民初翻译活动比较初探 被引量:4
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作者 杨冬敏 《北京第二外国语学院学报》 2007年第12期12-16,共5页
在我国历史上的几次翻译高潮中,古代的佛经翻译和近代清末民初的翻译活动是规模比较大的两次,也是我国传统译论发展过程中最有影响的两个时期,在我国翻译史上有着举足轻重的地位。通过对这两次翻译活动的主体、客体、产生的译论、影响... 在我国历史上的几次翻译高潮中,古代的佛经翻译和近代清末民初的翻译活动是规模比较大的两次,也是我国传统译论发展过程中最有影响的两个时期,在我国翻译史上有着举足轻重的地位。通过对这两次翻译活动的主体、客体、产生的译论、影响等方面进行对比研究,可以对其共性与个性有更充分的了解,进而对我国传统译论进行一番梳理,也有助于现代译学理论的建设与发展。 展开更多
关键词 佛经翻译 清末民初翻译 比较研究
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论“早期佛学问题”在佛学思想转变中的作用——以“十论”为中心
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作者 田湖 《科学.经济.社会》 2017年第3期6-15,共10页
在佛学研究中,佛学家们对佛学问题的内容多有关注,对佛学问题这种存在现象本身却多有忽略。在部派佛教时期,当时佛教的各个支派除了坚持佛陀教导的"四圣谛""八正道"等基本精神外,对诸法假实、心性染净、轮回我体等... 在佛学研究中,佛学家们对佛学问题的内容多有关注,对佛学问题这种存在现象本身却多有忽略。在部派佛教时期,当时佛教的各个支派除了坚持佛陀教导的"四圣谛""八正道"等基本精神外,对诸法假实、心性染净、轮回我体等问题进行了激烈的争论,其思想要点被后来的佛教学者归集为十个问题,即所谓"十论"(1)。"十论"问题的论争并非是历史偶然,在此之前早有相关的"问题"伏笔,比如"十四无记"和"大天五事"等问题。在"十论"之后,相关的问题也一直贯穿着大乘佛教发展的整个过程,其对佛学思想的发展有着巨大的影响。本文通过对"十论"及其前后"问题"的阐述,指明"佛学问题"的论争推动着佛学思想的转变和发展。 展开更多
关键词 早期佛学问题 佛学思想 转变 作用 十论
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Appraisal of the Production-Oriented Approach: An Introduction 被引量:4
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作者 濮实 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 SCIE 2017年第4期452-453,共2页
The production-oriented approach (POA) has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China (Wen, 2016). It is also motivated by the ... The production-oriented approach (POA) has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China (Wen, 2016). It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy (e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015). At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled 'The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China: Appraisal of the POA'. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA: its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics & Germanic, Slavic, Asian & African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership. 展开更多
关键词 The production-oriented approach (POA) has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China (Wen 2016). It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy (e.g. Wen 2016 2015 Yang 2015 Zhang 2015). At the moment the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign studies University on May 15 2017. The symposium was entitled 'The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China: Appraisal of the POA'. In the forum leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA: its pedagogical application its use for teacher training and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies University of Toronto Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy teacher training and research with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics Germanic Slavic Asian African Languages atMichigan State University the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues as well as emerging topics in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.
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