In Her Mother’s House:Mother-Daughter Dissonance in Post-1990s Chinese American Fiction

This paper attempts to examine the trope of“home”and the depiction of mother-daughter dissonance“in her mother’s house”in post-1990s Chinese American fiction.The research selects four novels in the case study and focuses on how mother-daughter dissonance“in her mother’s house”is presented,what cultural connotations the trope of“home”carries and how they are affected by such extra-contextual factors as racism,sexism and classism.In comparison with two representative mother-daughter narrative works in pre-1990s period,the new characteristics and connotations of“home”in mother-daughter dissonance in post-1990s Chinese American fiction are revealed.

Weakening of Interannual Variability in the Summer East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet since the Mid-1990s

In this study,we found that the intensity of interannual variability in the summer upper-tropospheric zonal wind has significantly weakened over Northeast Asia and the subtropical western North Pacific（WNP） since the mid-1990s,concurrent with the previously documented decrease of the westerly jet over North China and Northwest China.Corresponding to this weakening of zonal wind variability,the meridional displacement of the East Asian westerly jet（EAJ） manifested as the leading mode of zonal wind variability over the WNP and East Asia（WNP-EA） before the mid-1990s but not afterward.The energetics of the anomalous pattern associated with the meridional displacement of the EAJ suggests that barotropic energy conversion,from basic flow to anomalous patterns,has led to the weakening of the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement and to a change in the leading dominant mode since the mid-1990s.The barotropic energy conversion efficiently maintained the anomalies associated with the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement during 1979-1993 but acted to dampen the anomalies during 1994-2008.A further investigation of the energetics suggests that the difference in the patterns of the circulation anomaly associated with either the first leading mode or the meridional displacement of the EAJ,i.e.,a southwest-northeast tilted pattern during 1979-1993 and a zonally oriented pattern during 1994-2008,has contributed greatly to the change in barotropic energy conversion.

A Decadal Shift of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Northeast Asia around the Mid-1990s

This study identifies a decadal shift of summer surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia,including southeastern parts of Russia,Mongolia and northern China,around the mid-1990s.The results suggest that the SAT over the Northeast Asia experienced a significant warming after 1994 relative to that before 1993.This decadal shift also extends to northern China,and leads to a warmer summer over Northeast China and North China after the mid-1990s.The decadal warming over Northeast Asia is found to concur with the enhancement of South China rainfall around the mid-1990s.On the one hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift only in summer,but not in other seasons.On the other hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift not only in the summer seasonal mean,but also in each month of summer （June,July and August）.Furthermore,the decadal warming is found to result from an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia,which can be interpreted as the response to the increased precipitation over South China,according to previous numerical results.Thus,we conclude that the warming shift of summer Northeast Asian SAT around the mid-1990s was a remote response to the increased precipitation over South China.

1990-2020年植物生长调节剂用量分析

植物生长调节剂作为一种外源激素,在植物整个生长过程中发挥着重要的作用,被广泛应用于农林业。为满足现代农药的发展需求,植物生长调节剂在未来农林业发展中的作用越来越重要。随着农业科技的不断进步,植物生长调节剂总量、各国使用量及其在整个农药市场中所占份额也出现不同程度的变化。本文从植物生长调节剂的用量、在农药中的占比及其变化趋势等不同角度分析了1990-2020年植物生长调节剂的使用情况,并提出了相关展望,以期为植物生长调节剂的应用提供参考。

Abrupt Summer Warming and Changes in Temperature Extremes over Northeast Asia Since the Mid-1990s: Drivers and Physical Processes

This study investigated the drivers and physical processes for the abrupt decadal summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes that occurred over Northeast Asia in the mid-1990s. Observations indicate an abrupt increase in summer mean surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s. Accompanying this abrupt surface wanning, significant changes in some temperature extremes, characterized by increases in summer mean daily maximum temperature （Tmax）, daily minimum temperature （Train）, annual hottest day temperature （TXx）, and annual warmest night temperature （TNx） were observed. There were also increases in the frequency of summer days （SU） and tropical nights （TR）. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced by changes in sea surface temperature （SST）/sea ice extent （SIE）, anthropogenic greenhouse gas （GHG） concentrations, and anthropogenic aerosol （AA） forcing, relative to the period 1964- 93, reproduced the general patterns of observed summer mean SAT changes and associated changes in temperature extremes, although the abrupt decrease in precipitation since the mid-1990s was not simulated. Additional model experiments with different forcings indicated that changes in SST/SIE explained 76% of the area-averaged summer mean surface warming signal over Northeast Asia, while the direct impact of changes in GHG and AA explained the remaining 24% of the surface warming signal. Analysis of physical processes indicated that the direct impact of the changes in AA （through aerosol- radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions）, mainly related to the reduction of AA precursor emissions over Europe, played a dominant role in the increase in TXx and a similarly important role as SST/SIE changes in the increase in the frequency of SU over Northeast Asia via AA-induced coupled atmosphere-land surface and cloud feedbacks, rather than through a direct impact of AA changes on cloud condensation nuclei. The modelling results also imply that the abrupt summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s will probably sustain in the next few decades as GHG concentrations continue to increase and AA precursor emissions over both North America and Europe continue to decrease.

Interdecadal Enhancement of the Walker Circulation over the Tropical Pacific in the Late 1990s

The Walker circulation is one of the major components of the large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation and variations in its strength are critical to equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation. It has been argued in the literature that during the 20th century the Walker circulation weakened, and that this weakening was attributable to anthropogenic climate change. By using updated observations, we show that there has been a rapid interdecadal enhancement of the Walker circulation since the late 1990s. Associated with this enhancement is enhanced precipitation in the tropical western Pacific, anomalous westerlies in the upper troposphere, descent in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and anomalous surface easterlies in the western and central tropical Pacific. The characteristics of associated oceanic changes are a strengthened thermocline slope and an enhanced zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific. Many characteristics of these changes are similar to those associated with the mid-1970s climate shift with an opposite sign. We also show that the interdecadal variability of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is inversely correlated to the interdecadal variability of the zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic. An enhancement of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is associated with a weakening zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic and vise versa, implying an inter-Atlantic-Pacific connection of the zonal overturning circulation variation. Whether these recent changes will be sustained is not yet clear, but our research highlights the importance of understanding the interdecadal variability, as well as the long-term trends, that influence tropical circulation.

Brief Introduction to the "Catalogue of Recent Chinese Earthquakes (1912～1990, M_S≥4.7)

This paper briefly introduces the principles and methods for compiling the "Catalog of Recent Chinese Earthquakes (1912 ～ 1990, MS≥4.7)." This new catalog is compiled by revising and supplementing the 1983 version of the Catalog of Chinese Earthquakes.

从“进城”到“返乡”——贾平凹与1990年代

自“新时期”开启“乡下人进城”书写以来,在1990年代贾平凹转向了“城里人返乡”书写,从而分化出“90年代的贾平凹”与“贾平凹的90年代”两个命题。前者涉及1980年代启蒙主义的激情消退之后,时代的转轨给作家的写作带来的一系列挑战,后者则意味着贾平凹1990年代在创作上的自觉调整,以及这一调整导致其创作面貌上的系列变化。因此,贾平凹乡土书写上的转换,其实是一个“新时期文学”如何进入“90年代”的问题。

迟子建1990年代小说创作与大众文化多样性

迟子建1990年代的小说写作在稳健真诚的风格中发生,与“众声喧哗”的思想争鸣、大众文化多样形态的生成语境间存在张力关系。迟子建的北国追忆接洽1990年代的怀旧情绪;《诗经》式抒情传统的“相与之情”契合“标准公民”的情感再造;伪满洲国历史的个人化历史想象延续“地方中国”主体性的生成。将“迟子建”作为进入1990年代的方法路径,考察1990年代作家写作发生与社会主义文学生产规律间的历史关系,在“过程/事件”的轨道上实现二者的双向研究。迟子建1990年代的写作并非疏离大众文化的多样性,而是在发生之初就选择了蕴含“众声”的文学道路。

1990—2020年铁岭县地表覆盖时空变化特征

地表覆盖变化已成为全球变化研究的核心领域和热点问题之一。本研究以Landsat系列卫星影像为主要数据源,提取铁岭县1990—2020年地表覆盖变化图斑,构建土地利用变化转移矩阵,对铁岭县地表覆盖变化情况进行时空分析,识别土地利用变化热点区域。结果表明,1990—2020年铁岭县地表覆盖面积呈现“四增两减”特征,其中增加和减少面积最大的地表覆盖类型分别是建设用地(增加85.27 km^(2))和林地(减少91.14 km^(2)),其他几种地表覆盖类型动态变化不明显。说明1990—2020年研究区域地表覆盖类型受人类活动的影响较为明显。本研究结果对于揭示地表覆盖变化规律具有重要意义。

1990—2020年贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局动态变化

为研究自然保护地生态要素景观格局动态变化规律,以贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区为研究对象,选取1990年、2000年、2010年及2020年4期土地利用类型数据,运用景观格局面积动态分析、景观格局指数等方法分析了1990—2020年百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局演变特征。结果表明:1990—2020年,百里杜鹃风景名胜区土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主,林地、水域及建设用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少;30年来,有9.3 km^(2)土地发生转移,其中耕地净减少4.23 km^(2),林地净增加4.20 km^(2)。在景观水平上,研究区景观总体上破碎度减小,景观异质性减弱,景观结构趋向简单,景观团聚程度增加。在类型景观格局水平上,研究区以林地为优势景观,林地、耕地及草地斑块破碎程度降低,水域及建设用地变化不明显。总的来说,百里杜鹃风景名胜区生态环境持续向好,但景观格局趋向单一。

The diagnosis for the tropical Pacific Ocean conditions in 1990

In this paper, on the basis of the observational hydrographic data obtained from the eighth cruise of PRC-USA bilateral air-sea interaction program, and combined with the sea surface temperature (SST) charts provided by NOAA, the data obtained from moored thermistor chains supplied by L. J. Mangum and sea level data provided by K. Wyrtki, the ocean conditions since October, 1989 in the western tropical Pacific are exposed, which indicate that 1990 is a year with weak El Nino event similar to the 1980 El Nino event, and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) has made a good contribution to the propagation of warm water from the Western to the Central and Eastern Pacific, a characteristic similar to that of the 1976 El Nino event. The 1990 weak El Nino event will soon fall into decay.

Fertility in China: from the 1970s to the 1990s

The following are synopsis from a paper written by Dr.Gu Baochang entitled the"Interaction of the Social,Economic and Demo-graphic Changes in China*.In his paper,the author makes an overall analysis and comparison of the population trends,dynanics and characteristics of China's population.He attributes the rapid ferility decline in this most populous country to the following factors:the high political commitment from top Chinese leaders,the drastic changes taking place in the socioeconomic structure and the vigorous and effective family planning programme.Existing problems are studied and proposals made for a further fertility decline of population by improving the family planning programme.

Analysis of 1989/1990 main physical fields for air-sea coupled system in the tropical western Pacific

In this paper, the marine ship observation data sets in the seventh (October 16-December 4. 1989) and eighth (June 1-July 16, 1990) cruises of PRC -US tropical ocean and global atmosphere (TOGA) joint scientific investigation in the tropical western Pacific are used to analyze the elements such as sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind field, fluxes and net heat budget, which are important physical parameters of underlying earth's surface influencing the global mean circulation evolution on seasonal and interannual time scales. These diagnostic analyses are very beneficial to the understanding of the regional climate characteristics and the air-sea interaction mechanism, and the improving of surface flux parameterizations and regional or global climate model.

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels——Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels (HSLA’90) will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels(HSLA’90)will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

Minister Wu Yi On the Development of China's Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in the 1990s

Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and foreign participants working in this fields at an international seminar on China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Beijing in mid-May.

TRENDS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY IN THE 1990S

This article describes the trends and countermeasures for the development of computer technology and industry in the 1990s on the basis of changes in two large structures ( i.e. industry structure and product structure), and four guiding technologies (i.e. massively parallel processing technology, high-speed network technology, multimedia technology, and artificial intelligence).

《中国近代地震目录(公元1912～1990年,M_S≥4.7)》简介

《中国近代地震目录（公元１９１２～１９９０年，ＭＳ≥４７）》是国家地震局科技发展司在“八五”期间组织编辑的两册新版中国地震目录中的第二册。本册目录对本世纪初以来中国地震目录做了较为系统、完整、详细的清理和总结，是现有目录的更新版本。本文简要介绍了本目录编制的原则、方法和内容。针对１９８３年版目录，新编目录修改和删除了１６９次地震条目；新增９６０次地震条目；新增等震线图１６６幅。新目录共编入ＭＳ≥４７的地震４２８９次，等震线图３２８幅。