Research on the Impact of the Pension Insurance System on the Optimization of the Consumption Structure of Rural Families

Presently,the growth of residents’consumption is slowing,which necessitates the expansion of domestic demand.Against this backdrop,research on the impact of pension insurance on the optimization of the consumption structure in rural areas not only facilitates the welfare of rural residents and improves their consumption structure but also boosts the sustainable and healthy development of the Chinese economy.This paper applies China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)micro-data in 2018 and adopts Propensity Score Matching(PSM)to research the impact of China’s pension insurance system on the consumption structure in rural areas and its heterogeneity.This paper draws a conclusion at four levels.First,pension insurance effectively optimizes the consumption structure in rural areas,increases the current overall consumption level by 0.0024 percent,and objectively releases the consumption potential in rural areas.Second,participation in pension insurance enhances the overall consumption level of rural families in eastern China,central China,and northeastern China by 0.08 percent,0.146 percent,and 0.0446 percent respectively,yet,that inhibits the overall consumption level of rural families in rural areas in western China by 0.1057 percent.Third,from eastern China to western China,with regard to pension insurance,as its impact on consumption shifts from a higher level to a lower level,its impact on the optimization of consumption structures sinks to a lower level.Fourth,in terms of major factors,age(older),matrimonial res(married),years of education(longer),health(poor),and the number of family members(small)contribute to the stronger willingness to participate in pension insurance.

Effects of Planting and Irrigation Patterns on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Production in Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different planting and irrigation patterns on water consumption characteristics and dry matter produc- tion and allocation of winter wheat. [Method] With high-yield winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as the experimental material, field experiment was conducted during 2008- 2010. A total of 3 planting patterns were designed, uniform row, wide-narrow row and furrow. Under each planting pattern, total four irrigation patterns were designed, no irrigation （Wo）, irrigation at jointing state （Wl）, irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages （W2） and irrigation at jointing, anthesis and milking stages （W3）, and the irri- gation amount per treatment was all 60 mm. [Result] Under the three planting pat- terns, with the increased irrigation amount, the total water consumption of the exper- imental field increased; the proportion of irrigation in the total water consumption in- creased, and that of soil water consumption in the total water consumption de- creased significantly. Compared with W0 treatment, various irrigation treatments sig- nificantly increased the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in wheat plants; with the increased irrigation amount, the grain yield under the three planting patterns all increased, while the water use efficiency （WUE） decreased. Under the same irriga- tion conditions, compared with other two planting patterns, furrow planting increased the total water consumption of the experimental field, increased the proportion of soil water consumption in the total water consumption, and improved the WUE and wheat grain yield. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, considering both wheat grain yield and WUE, furrow planting with moderately deficit irrigation at joint- ing and anthesis stages is more suitable for the winter wheat production in North China Plain.

Sensitivity of Personal Account Accumulated Value of New Rural Social Pension Insurance to Variation of Uncertainties

The personal account of new rural social pension insurance raises funds in the form of individual premium-paying,collectively pooled subsidy and government subsidy.The personal account accumulated value has a decisive influence on the payment level of personal account pension.The personal account accumulated value has a direct or indirect relationship with the income level of farmers,premium-paying level,the insured period,investment return rate of funds and other factors.Analysing the impact of infinitesimal variation of these factors on accumulated value of personal account pension,is of great significance to improving and consolidating personal account,and achieving sustainable development of new rural social pension insurance.

Factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan

AIM:To investigate the clinical and biochemical factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population.METHODS:We enrolled 1004 subjects who underwent a medical health checkup between April 2008 and March 2009.The medical health checkup included the following tests:Height,body weight,waist circumference(WC),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,urinalysis,blood-cell counts,blood chemistry,electrocardiography,chest radiography,and abdominal computed tomography(CT)for visceral fat accumulation.The patients’medical history and lifestyle factors were collected privately by nurses using a selfadministered questionnaire,and they included questions regarding physical activity,sleep duration,dietary habits,smoking,and alcohol consumption.visceral fat area(VFA)was defined as the sum of the intraperitoneal fat area at the level of the umbilicus with CT density in the range of-150 to-50 Hounsfield units.RESULTS:The mean age and body mass index(BMI)of the study subjects were 57.0 years and 24.4 kg/m2.In both male and females,v FA was significantly andpositively correlated with WC(r=0.532,P<0.01;r=0.612,P<0.01).Subjects with high levels of v FA were primarily male with significantly higher age,height,body weight,BMI,systolic blood pressure(BP),diastolic BP,and hemoglobin in all subjects(P<0.05).A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vF A had a positive relationship with age≥56,BMI≥25 kg/m2,and triglyceride level≥149 in males(P<0.05),whereas it had a positive relationship with age≥58,BMI≥24.4 kg/m2,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level<40 mg/d L,and current drinking in females(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that gender differences exist in the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with visceral fat accumulation.

代际经济支持对家庭财富积累的影响——一个有调节的中介效应模型

在党的二十大报告规范财富积累机制背景下,社会财富的“代际固化”问题日益受到重视,对其进行合理规制对于缓解贫富差距具有战略意义,但现有研究却鲜有涉及。依据代际转移理论,本文利用2010—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,系统检验代际经济支持对家庭财富积累的影响,并揭示消费升级的中介作用和家庭受教育程度的调节作用。研究发现:(1)代际财富转移显著增加了家庭财富的积累;(2)消费升级对代际经济支持与家庭财富积累间的正向关系具有一定的负向调节效应;(3)家庭受教育程度对消费升级在代际经济支持和家庭财富积累间的中介作用具有一定的负向调节效应。基于此,本文从助推家庭完成消费升级转型、稳步推进遗产及赠予税等方面提出政策建议,以期为解决中国家庭财富代际固化问题提供参考借鉴。

老年人金融排斥的养老金融发展治理研究

消除老年人金融排斥对我国发展养老金融、实现老年普惠金融至关重要。发展养老金融不能走先发展后治理的老路,肇始就必须既重发展又重治理,尽量尽早消除老年人金融排斥问题。本文剖析了我国老年人金融排斥的多重表征,如服务获取困难、金融素养不足、风险承受力弱等,运用经典金融排斥理论予以解释,并探究造成这些现象的金融机构、产品服务、政策制度等深层次原因,揭示了老年金融排斥对老年人个体、行业、社会以及宏观经济的消极影响。针对现有养老金融体系提出一个涵盖法律政策、行业市场、金融产品与服务、老年人、社会文化观念等多维度的治理框架及政策建议。

不同灌水量对油葵干物质累积和产量的影响

为了确定河西走廊灌区油葵的最优灌溉模式,在武威市中心灌溉试验站进行田间试验,研究不同灌水量对油葵干物质累积和产量的影响。结果表明,灌水较少会使油葵干物质积累过早趋于平稳,累计值较低,过剩的灌水量则会使得干物质累积进入快速上升期的时间较晚,致使快速累积期的持续时间较短,干物质更多以茎、叶累积为主。开花期适时灌水有利于干物质累积。油葵全生育期耗水量与产量呈抛物线关系。综合分析得出,全生育期灌水4次(播种期600 m^(3)/hm^(2)、苗期400 m^(3)/hm^(2)、现蕾期400 m^(3)/hm^(2)、开花期400 m^(3)/hm^(2)),总灌水量1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)为最优灌溉模式。此条件下,油葵产量为3725.09 kg/hm^(2),水分利用效率为1.49 kg/m^(3),达到了高产节水的目的。

Milk Consumption and Lactose Intolerance in Adults

Objective To investigate relations between milk consumption and lactose intolerance （LI） in adults and to explore the effect of milk consumption on lactase activity.Methods Total of 182 subjects aged 20‐70 years were recruited and interviewed by questionnaires,and their accumulative cow＇s milk intake （AMI） was calculated.LI was evaluated by hydrogen breath test （HBT）.Results A negative correlation was found between AMI and severity of observed LI symptom （r=-0.2884;P0.05）.Binary logistic regression analysis showed a negative correlation between LI and duration and frequency of milk consumption （OR,0.317 and 0.465,respectively;both P0.05） and a positive correlation between LI and amount of milk consumed per sitting （OR,6.337;P0.05）.Conclusion LI is related to various milk consumption behaviors.Most Chinese adults with LI may tolerate moderate milk consumption 160 mL.

Lower fuel consumption model and air-flow segregation feeding system for sintering

In order to utilize the spontaneous accumulation of heat (SAH) reasonably and obtain the high quality sinter with low energy consumption, a lower fuel consumption modeling based on raw materials of a certain steel works was built. An air-flow segregation feeding (ASF) experimental equipment was designed to simulate strand feeding process and calculate the lower fuel consumption quantity. Compared with baseline test, the ASF experimental equipment was adopted. The results of sinter pot tests show that the solid fuel consumption is lower than that in baseline test, which is decreased by 5.8%. Meanwhile, other sinter indexes, such as pan yeild, tumbler strength and strand productivity are improved. The mineralogical examination indicates that the mineral compositions and micostructures are improved in sinter.

“新农保”、消费观念与农民耐用品消费地区差异比较研究

综合考虑农村“新农保”参保观与消费观,根据2010年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,分析试点区域“新农保”参保对农民消费家用小汽车、电脑、摩托车等耐用品的影响。实证发现,“新农保”对农民消费电脑、摩托车促进作用显著,但对消费家用小汽车作用不显著。相较于超前消费观念,即期消费观念更能促进农民消费耐用品。“新农保”在东部地区的消费促进效应与全国相比差异较大,在中部、西部地区的效应趋同。应根据“新农保”的消费区域促进效应,因时制宜地充分发挥其对促进农民消费耐用品的作用,不断提高农民耐用品消费等级。

数字消费异化批判:表象形式、发生缘由及解蔽路径

数字消费异化是一个当代社会现象。在数字工业社会,资本和数字技术“合谋”,在消费领域深耕、开掘出资本积累和利润增长的数字空间,导致了数字消费主体的奴役化、数字消费活动的剥削化、消费商品的数据流量化和数字消费体验的荒芜化等消费异化的新的表象形式。数字消费异化这一新表象形式有其深刻的发生缘由,即数字资本积累时空加速的本性驱迫、数字技术黑箱隐蔽操纵的算法霸权以及二者“合谋”制造的数字消费文化价值观念的弥漫散播。据此,要解蔽数字消费异化,就应以人民为中心规训资本、依托制度优势公正数据算法、构建理性的主体消费心理、建立数字资源共享机制以优化数字消费。

金融知识对家庭线上消费的影响——基于CHFS数据的经验证据

消费需求不足是制约我国经济增长的重要因素,促进线上消费有利于释放我国内需潜力,从而为经济高质量发展提供强劲动能。基于此,借助2017年中国家庭金融调查数据,采用Tobit模型实证研究了金融知识对家庭线上消费支出的影响及其实现机制。研究发现:金融知识水平的提高可以显著增加家庭的线上消费支出,采用工具变量法克服潜在的内生性问题后,研究结论依然成立;金融知识对家庭线上消费支出的促进作用在农村家庭和低收入家庭样本中表现得更为明显;金融知识水平的提高促进了家庭使用移动支付、增加了家庭的金融可得性、促进了家庭财富积累,从而提高了家庭的线上消费支出。

曳引电梯蓄能器储能液压节能系统及电容能耗研究

根据曳引电梯运行特征与蓄能电池储能特点,引入电容补偿方法实现系统的能力回收,设计一种基于蓄能器储能的曳引电梯液压节能系统。该系统实现储能过程与曳引机负载间良好匹配,可以通过电容吸收多余能量,有效降低了能量损耗。仿真结果表明:在轻载上行与重载上行下,表现为正能量,能量被存储到电容中;在重载上行与轻载下行中,电梯表现为负能量,电容能量被释放出来为电梯提供驱动力;曳引机在发电阶段形成更高电荷,电容开始存储,超出蓄能器能够存储能量,形成了更高电容电压;曳引机电动阶段形成了更小电荷,电容能量释放,为系统运行提供驱动力。在能量流动阶段各元件都存在能量损耗,在下行阶段损耗随着负载的增加表现为较低的变化,此系统对负载适应度很高。

Alcohol consumption promotes arsenic absorption but reduces tissue arsenic accumulation in mice

Alcohol consumption alters gut microflora and damages intestinal tight junction barriers,which may affect arsenic(As)oral bioavailability.In this study,mice were exposed to arsenate in the diet(6μg/g)over a 3-week period and gavaged daily with Chinese liquor(0.05 or 0.10 mL per mouse per day).Following ingestion,78.0%and 72.9%of the total As intake was absorbed and excreted via urine when co-exposed with liquor at daily doses of 0.05 or 0.10 mL,significantly greater than when As was supplied alone(44.7%).Alcohol co-exposure significantly altered gut microbiota but did not significantly alter As biotransformation in the intestinal tract or tissue.Significantly lower relative mRNA expression was observed for genes encoding for tight junctions in the ileum of liquor co-exposed mice,contributing to greater As bioavailability attributable to enhanced As absorption via the intestinal paracellular pathway.However,As concentration in the liver,kidney,and intestinal tissue of liquortreated mice was decreased by 24.4%-42.6%,27.5%-38.1%,and 28.1%-48.9%compared to control mice.This was likely due to greater renal glomerular filtration rate induced by alcohol,as suggested by significantly lower expression of genes encoding for renal tight junctions.In addition,in mice gavaged daily with 0.05 mL liquor,the serum antidiuretic hormone level was significantly lower than control mice(2.83±0.59 vs.5.40±1.10 pg/mL),suggesting the diuretic function of alcohol consumption,which may facilitate As elimination via urine.These results highlight that alcohol consumption has a significant impact on the bioavailability and accumulation of As.

社会保险参与对农村家庭消费不平等的影响研究

论文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2015年、2017年和2019年26246个受访者的家庭微观调研数据,测算社会保险参与状况,从参与广度和参与深度两个方面,运用多种计量方法估计了社会保险参与状况对农村家庭消费不平等的影响结果。研究发现:1.随着农村家庭社会养老保险和社会医疗保险参与广度和参与深度的增加,家庭消费不平等程度降低,有助于实现农村地区的消费均衡;2.社会养老保险参与会改善家庭收入结构和降低家庭生命周期储蓄水平进而降低家庭消费不平等,而医疗保险则会通过降低家庭预防性储蓄进而降低家庭消费不平等;3.社会保险参与对家庭消费不平等的影响受经济环境、生命周期的影响,存在明显的异质性现象,表现为南北方地区差距较大,对青年家庭影响更大;4.养老保险参与广度和深度对生存型消费影响最大、对享受型消费影响次之、对发展型消费影响最小,而医疗保险参与广度和深度的影响效应正好与之相反。

基本养老保险对居民家庭消费的影响——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析

当前针对养老保险与居民家庭消费间关系的研究未有定论。以基本养老保险为切入,基于2017年中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),通过实证分析探讨基本养老保险对居民家庭消费的影响。计量模型结果显示:基本养老保险对居民家庭消费有轻微的挤出效应,且对不同类型的消费影响程度有差异。家庭收入是影响消费的主要因素,婚姻状况和教育程度在一定程度上刺激家庭消费,较差的健康状况会抑制家庭消费。相较于非农户口,农村户口对部分家庭消费有负向影响。

一种六轴含独立增压缸的七轴联动多向热模锻液压机

介绍一种七轴联动多向热模锻液压机。其具有六轴均含独立增压缸的独特结构。通过对本案例液压系统的理论计算和对比分析显示,在多轴联动的大型液压设备领域,基于蓄能器和增压缸的节能型高节拍液压机控制技术与传统液压控制技术相比,在节能降耗方面具有非常明显的优势。与直供式伺服电机控制系统相比,尽管受到补能容积占比偏低的不利影响,仍能在众多工况条件下在省电方面不落下风(基本持平,略有超越),并在节省耗油量、节省电机装机容量和节省企业基本电费方面呈现明显优势。

中国企业年金税收优惠政策的比较与选择

2005年,随着首批金融机构获得企业年金经办资格认证,中国企业年金保险进入到具体实施阶段。然而,直到2006年底,关于企业年金的缴费方式、基金的投资管理、给付机制、法规监管以及税收优惠政策等一系列相关问题仍未解决,成为严重制约企业年金市场发展的瓶颈。本文着重从企业年金税收优惠政策的比较与选择入手,结合城镇基本养老保险的情况,通过核算国家税式支出、企业年金积累额等指标,对国家采取适当的企业年金税收优惠政策去引导和促进企业年金市场的发展提出理论依据。

耕作方式对旱地小麦耗水特性和干物质积累的影响

黄淮海地区旱地小麦种植面积较大,降水少且年际间变化幅度大造成其产量低而不稳。耕作措施可影响土壤的蓄水,于2009—2011年连续2个小麦生长季,设置条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、深松+旋耕和旋耕4种耕作方式处理,研究耕作方式对黄淮海地区旱地小麦耗水特性和干物质积累的影响。结果表明,深松+条旋耕处理有利于降低小麦播种至冬前阶段的耗水量,提高开花至成熟阶段的耗水量及其占总耗水量的比例。2009—2010年度,深松+条旋耕处理播种至拔节阶段0～20cm土层贮水减少量显著低于深松+旋耕和旋耕处理,拔节至成熟阶段40～160cm土层贮水减少量显著高于条旋耕和旋耕处理。2009—2010年度的各生育时期和2010—2011年度的苗期、开花期、灌浆期,深松+条旋耕处理株间蒸发量显著低于深松+旋耕和旋耕处理,与条旋耕处理无显著差异。深松+条旋耕处理开花至成熟阶段干物质积累量显著高于其他处理,耗水量显著高于条旋耕和旋耕处理,水分利用效率高于深松+旋耕和旋耕处理,与条旋耕处理无显著差异,而且籽粒产量最高,是本试验条件下的最优耕作方式。

灌水量和灌水时期对小麦耗水特性和氮素积累分配的影响

在田间试验条件下,以小麦品种济麦20为材料,研究了不同灌水处理对小麦的耗水特性和氮素积累分配的影响。试验设置7个处理:不浇水(W0);拔节期和开花期浇水,每次灌水量为30mm(W1)、60mm(W2)、90mm(W3);拔节期、开花期和灌浆期浇水,每次灌水量为30mm(W4)、60mm(W5)、90mm(W6)。研究结果表明:(1)随灌水量的增加,总耗水量逐渐增加,土壤耗水量和降水量占总耗水量的比例降低。产量和水分利用率最高的W2和W4处理总耗水量分别为413.87,362.15mm;灌溉量、降水量、土壤耗水量分别占总耗水量的比例为29%、36.34%、34.66%,24.85%、41.53%、33.62%;两个处理比较,W4处理提高了对降水的利用比例,但降低了对灌溉水的利用比例。通过对全生育期0～200cm不同土层土壤耗水量的研究得出,W0和W1处理的深层土壤耗水量较低,W3、W5、W6处理的0～200cm每个土层土壤耗水量均较低,对W2和W4处理,小麦能够利用120～200cm的深层土壤水分,其土壤贮水消耗量显著增加。(2)W2处理的籽粒氮素积累量较高,W1、W4处理籽粒中的氮素分配比例显著高于其它处理,有灌浆水的处理,尤其是灌浆水高于30mm的处理,营养器官氮素转移率和贡献率显著降低;W4处理的籽粒蛋白质含量较高,W2和W4处理的籽粒蛋白质产量显著高于其它处理。(3)籽粒产量随着灌水量的增加先升高后降低,其中W2和W4处理显著高于其它处理;W4处理的产量水分利用效率和蛋白质产量水分利用率显著高于其它处理。结果表明,W4为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳灌水处理。