Coordinated and sustainable development of farmers, agriculture and countryside (FAC) is key to realize the national objective of comprehensively developed well-off society. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, out...Coordinated and sustainable development of farmers, agriculture and countryside (FAC) is key to realize the national objective of comprehensively developed well-off society. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, outstanding achievements have been made in FAC work. However, compared with East and Middle China, there still exists a big gap. The farmers’ net income per capita in 2001 was 1,404 yuan, 962 yuan lower than the nation’s average. In late 90’s the farmers’ income growth slowed down. Agricultural industrialization is at low level, technologies play a small role in agricultural development, rural infrastructure is weak, the rural grass root organization is much underdeveloped, and construction of towns is behind the other regions of China. Based on the problems of FAC development there, this paper proposes FAC development strategies and measures for accelerating rural development in Tibet.展开更多
Based on the Tibet Autonomous Region's statistic yearbooks and the data fromthe two household surveys in 2002 and 2004, this paper has comprehensively analyzed the pattern ofchanges on the farmers and herdsmen'...Based on the Tibet Autonomous Region's statistic yearbooks and the data fromthe two household surveys in 2002 and 2004, this paper has comprehensively analyzed the pattern ofchanges on the farmers and herdsmen's income sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region since 1990 withthe main findings as follows; (1) The change of income from the labor payment is the fastest; (2)There is no regular pattern of income variation for the household economic activities, the farmersand herdsmen's household incomegeneration projects are impacted by the elements like prices andreturns, and there is a lack of appropriate direction; (3) The income structure of labor paymentshows that the income from the farmers and herdsmen working outside grows fastest; (4) The incomefrom the farmers and herdsmen's labor payment correlate positively to their net income per capita;(5) From the perspective of the variation by region, labor payment income has changed fastest in thecounties of Rutok, Nyerong and Khangmar comparedthe data from the household survey in 2002 withthat of 2004.展开更多
Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the...Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the farmers in different areas (agricultural, animal husbandry areas and half agricultural and half animal husbandry areas etc. ) was approached. The following features were found through an analysis of surveyed data: (1) In Tibetan peasant household goods and products instead of money. disposable income and cash are very little. (2) The variety index of income is higher in the out skirt than it in rural, the index has a direct bearing on net income. (3) The income ways are simplistic and out-date in the poor households, they have no ability to resist and guard a-gainst any risk, it is very difficult to increase their receipts. (4) The living standard in agricultural areas is better than in pastoral areas, it is the worst in half agriculture and half animal husbandry areas.展开更多
This paper summarized the status, the brief history of the construction and development of national wetland parks in the Tibet Autonomous Region, and proposed corresponding measures for their later protection and deve...This paper summarized the status, the brief history of the construction and development of national wetland parks in the Tibet Autonomous Region, and proposed corresponding measures for their later protection and development, in order to realize the sustainable development of national wetland parks.展开更多
The Tibetan Opera Troupe of TibetAutonomous Region was established in1960 on the basis of the JormulongTroupe.After sorting and revising thetraditional Tibetan operas,the troupe haspresented some traditional items,suc...The Tibetan Opera Troupe of TibetAutonomous Region was established in1960 on the basis of the JormulongTroupe.After sorting and revising thetraditional Tibetan operas,the troupe haspresented some traditional items,such asPrincess Wencheng,King Norsang,NangsaVibum,Sukyi Nima,Drooa Sangmu,BemaVenba and Chimi Gundan.While revisingtraditional programs,the troupe has ad-ded stage props,makeup,lighting and aband for musical accompaniment.Thishas increased the artistic appeal of theTibetan opera,making it a more compre-hensive stage art.The revised version of Nangsa Vibumwon an award from the Ministry of Cul-ture at a national theatrical performancefestival,and the playscript of Sukyi展开更多
The population of the Tibet Autonomous Region which is thinly scattered, is almost entirely Tibetan. The unique high and cold climate, varied and changeable topography and social economic and human environment restri...The population of the Tibet Autonomous Region which is thinly scattered, is almost entirely Tibetan. The unique high and cold climate, varied and changeable topography and social economic and human environment restrict population mobility in the region. Historically there were little statistic documents and the early data about population scale is poorly reliable. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, its population went up continuously, and the growth rate has been higher than the national average level since 1964. The general tendency was that the pattern of population increase had changed within a short period. At first, the death rate was lowered quickly and the natural population increase speed was quickened, then, the death rate was lowered further, and the birth rate began to rise at a quick speed. After 1970, both the death rate and birth rate was generally stable, the level was relatively lower than before, the death rate slowed down at a quicker speed than the birth rate. The natural population increase rate rose extremely slowly, which formed the population development situation of fast but steady increase. The future population development tendency is that, the quick increase tendency characterized by young population will continue for quite a long time, and the pressure of future population increase upon resources environment will become increasingly great. The age structure and sex composition of population in Tibet, rather low since long time ago, became increasingly high upon entering the 1980s, but it was still the lowest one compared to other provinces or regions in China. The main reason is due to the low sex ratio of Tibetan infants and children caused by the low sex ratio of newly born infants and the high death rate of male infants, which will slow down the population increase in a limited way. There are few barren lands appropriate for farming and there exist many restricting factors for cultivation or utilization. With further increase in Tibetan population, it is inevitable that per capita available cultivated land will drop continuously. The problem of food supply in Tibet will still be the main issue in its regional development with the increase of population. It is impossible to support a quickly increasing population with the limited agricultural resources in Tibet. Therefore, the population development direction of Tibet can only be to tighten quantity control and to popularize family planning knowledge among Tibetan people. It is a fundamental strategic policy for the social and economic development in Tibet if family planning can be followed progressively on a voluntary basis.展开更多
Background Echinococcosis,a zoonotic parasitic disease,is caused by larval stages of cestodes in the Echinococcus genus.Echinococcosis is highly prevalent in ten provinces/autonomous regions of western and northern Ch...Background Echinococcosis,a zoonotic parasitic disease,is caused by larval stages of cestodes in the Echinococcus genus.Echinococcosis is highly prevalent in ten provinces/autonomous regions of western and northern China.In 2016,an epidemiological survey of Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR)revealed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was 1.66%,which was much higher than the average prevalence in China(0.24%).Therefore,to improve on the current prevention and control measures,it is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in TAR.Methods Data for echinococcosis cases in 2018 were obtained from the annual report system of echinococcosis of Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Diagnosis had been performed via B-ultrasonography.The epidemic status of echinococcosis in all townships in TAR was classified according to the relevant standards of population prevalence indices as defined in the national technical plan for echinococcosis control.Spatial scan statistics were performed to establish the geographical townships that were most at risk of echinococcosis.Results In 2018,a total of 16,009 echinococcosis cases,whose prevalence was 0.53%,were recorded in 74 endemic counties in TAR.Based on the order of the epidemic degree,all the 692 townships were classified from high to low degrees.Among them,127 townships had prevalence rates≥1%.The high prevalence of human echinococcosis in TAR,which is associated with a wide geographic distribution,is a medical concern.Approximately 94.65%of the villages and towns reported echinococcosis cases.According to spatial distribution analysis,the prevalence of human echinococcosis was found to be clustered,with the specific clustering areas being identified.The cystic echinococcosis primary cluster covered 88 townships,while that of alveolar echinococcosis’s covered 38 townships.Conclusions This study shows spatial distributions of echinococcosis with different epidemic degrees in 692 townships of TAR and high-risk cluster areas at the township level.Our findings indicate that strengthening the echinococcosis prevention and control strategies in TAR should directed at townships with a high prevalence and high-risk clustering areas.展开更多
目的探讨西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术术中低氧血症发生率及其危险因素,并简要分析术中低氧血症对患者预后的影响。方法前瞻性收集2021年6月1日至2022年8月31日西藏自治区人民医院行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术患者的临床资...目的探讨西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术术中低氧血症发生率及其危险因素,并简要分析术中低氧血症对患者预后的影响。方法前瞻性收集2021年6月1日至2022年8月31日西藏自治区人民医院行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术患者的临床资料,包括术前基本资料、手术及麻醉相关信息,主要结局指标为术中低氧血症。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析术中低氧血症的危险因素,并比较术中低氧血症与非术中低氧血症患者围术期预后指标差异。结果共入选符合纳入与排除标准的全身麻醉非心胸外科手术患者161例。其中发生术中低氧血症9例(5.6%),非术中低氧血症152例(94.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血氧饱和度≤85%(OR=4.604,95%CI:1.064~19.916,P=0.041)、术前血红蛋白≥170 g/L(OR=5.396,95%CI:1.163~25.035,P=0.031)、术前肺动脉压≥40 mm Hg(OR=11.744,95%CI:1.599~86.243,P=0.015)是西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术出现术中低氧血症的独立危险因素。术中低氧血症患者围术期心脏不良事件发生率较非术中低氧血症患者显著增加(55.6%比15.1%,P=0.002)。结论术前低血氧饱和度、高血红蛋白血症和肺动脉高压是西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术术中低氧血症的危险因素,且术中低氧血症可能对患者预后造成不良影响。展开更多
文摘Coordinated and sustainable development of farmers, agriculture and countryside (FAC) is key to realize the national objective of comprehensively developed well-off society. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, outstanding achievements have been made in FAC work. However, compared with East and Middle China, there still exists a big gap. The farmers’ net income per capita in 2001 was 1,404 yuan, 962 yuan lower than the nation’s average. In late 90’s the farmers’ income growth slowed down. Agricultural industrialization is at low level, technologies play a small role in agricultural development, rural infrastructure is weak, the rural grass root organization is much underdeveloped, and construction of towns is behind the other regions of China. Based on the problems of FAC development there, this paper proposes FAC development strategies and measures for accelerating rural development in Tibet.
文摘Based on the Tibet Autonomous Region's statistic yearbooks and the data fromthe two household surveys in 2002 and 2004, this paper has comprehensively analyzed the pattern ofchanges on the farmers and herdsmen's income sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region since 1990 withthe main findings as follows; (1) The change of income from the labor payment is the fastest; (2)There is no regular pattern of income variation for the household economic activities, the farmersand herdsmen's household incomegeneration projects are impacted by the elements like prices andreturns, and there is a lack of appropriate direction; (3) The income structure of labor paymentshows that the income from the farmers and herdsmen working outside grows fastest; (4) The incomefrom the farmers and herdsmen's labor payment correlate positively to their net income per capita;(5) From the perspective of the variation by region, labor payment income has changed fastest in thecounties of Rutok, Nyerong and Khangmar comparedthe data from the household survey in 2002 withthat of 2004.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50099620)
文摘Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the farmers in different areas (agricultural, animal husbandry areas and half agricultural and half animal husbandry areas etc. ) was approached. The following features were found through an analysis of surveyed data: (1) In Tibetan peasant household goods and products instead of money. disposable income and cash are very little. (2) The variety index of income is higher in the out skirt than it in rural, the index has a direct bearing on net income. (3) The income ways are simplistic and out-date in the poor households, they have no ability to resist and guard a-gainst any risk, it is very difficult to increase their receipts. (4) The living standard in agricultural areas is better than in pastoral areas, it is the worst in half agriculture and half animal husbandry areas.
基金Sponsored by Research and Development Project of Tibet Modern Forestry Technology Support System
文摘This paper summarized the status, the brief history of the construction and development of national wetland parks in the Tibet Autonomous Region, and proposed corresponding measures for their later protection and development, in order to realize the sustainable development of national wetland parks.
文摘The Tibetan Opera Troupe of TibetAutonomous Region was established in1960 on the basis of the JormulongTroupe.After sorting and revising thetraditional Tibetan operas,the troupe haspresented some traditional items,such asPrincess Wencheng,King Norsang,NangsaVibum,Sukyi Nima,Drooa Sangmu,BemaVenba and Chimi Gundan.While revisingtraditional programs,the troupe has ad-ded stage props,makeup,lighting and aband for musical accompaniment.Thishas increased the artistic appeal of theTibetan opera,making it a more compre-hensive stage art.The revised version of Nangsa Vibumwon an award from the Ministry of Cul-ture at a national theatrical performancefestival,and the playscript of Sukyi
文摘The population of the Tibet Autonomous Region which is thinly scattered, is almost entirely Tibetan. The unique high and cold climate, varied and changeable topography and social economic and human environment restrict population mobility in the region. Historically there were little statistic documents and the early data about population scale is poorly reliable. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, its population went up continuously, and the growth rate has been higher than the national average level since 1964. The general tendency was that the pattern of population increase had changed within a short period. At first, the death rate was lowered quickly and the natural population increase speed was quickened, then, the death rate was lowered further, and the birth rate began to rise at a quick speed. After 1970, both the death rate and birth rate was generally stable, the level was relatively lower than before, the death rate slowed down at a quicker speed than the birth rate. The natural population increase rate rose extremely slowly, which formed the population development situation of fast but steady increase. The future population development tendency is that, the quick increase tendency characterized by young population will continue for quite a long time, and the pressure of future population increase upon resources environment will become increasingly great. The age structure and sex composition of population in Tibet, rather low since long time ago, became increasingly high upon entering the 1980s, but it was still the lowest one compared to other provinces or regions in China. The main reason is due to the low sex ratio of Tibetan infants and children caused by the low sex ratio of newly born infants and the high death rate of male infants, which will slow down the population increase in a limited way. There are few barren lands appropriate for farming and there exist many restricting factors for cultivation or utilization. With further increase in Tibetan population, it is inevitable that per capita available cultivated land will drop continuously. The problem of food supply in Tibet will still be the main issue in its regional development with the increase of population. It is impossible to support a quickly increasing population with the limited agricultural resources in Tibet. Therefore, the population development direction of Tibet can only be to tighten quantity control and to popularize family planning knowledge among Tibetan people. It is a fundamental strategic policy for the social and economic development in Tibet if family planning can be followed progressively on a voluntary basis.
文摘Background Echinococcosis,a zoonotic parasitic disease,is caused by larval stages of cestodes in the Echinococcus genus.Echinococcosis is highly prevalent in ten provinces/autonomous regions of western and northern China.In 2016,an epidemiological survey of Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR)revealed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was 1.66%,which was much higher than the average prevalence in China(0.24%).Therefore,to improve on the current prevention and control measures,it is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in TAR.Methods Data for echinococcosis cases in 2018 were obtained from the annual report system of echinococcosis of Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Diagnosis had been performed via B-ultrasonography.The epidemic status of echinococcosis in all townships in TAR was classified according to the relevant standards of population prevalence indices as defined in the national technical plan for echinococcosis control.Spatial scan statistics were performed to establish the geographical townships that were most at risk of echinococcosis.Results In 2018,a total of 16,009 echinococcosis cases,whose prevalence was 0.53%,were recorded in 74 endemic counties in TAR.Based on the order of the epidemic degree,all the 692 townships were classified from high to low degrees.Among them,127 townships had prevalence rates≥1%.The high prevalence of human echinococcosis in TAR,which is associated with a wide geographic distribution,is a medical concern.Approximately 94.65%of the villages and towns reported echinococcosis cases.According to spatial distribution analysis,the prevalence of human echinococcosis was found to be clustered,with the specific clustering areas being identified.The cystic echinococcosis primary cluster covered 88 townships,while that of alveolar echinococcosis’s covered 38 townships.Conclusions This study shows spatial distributions of echinococcosis with different epidemic degrees in 692 townships of TAR and high-risk cluster areas at the township level.Our findings indicate that strengthening the echinococcosis prevention and control strategies in TAR should directed at townships with a high prevalence and high-risk clustering areas.
文摘目的探讨西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术术中低氧血症发生率及其危险因素,并简要分析术中低氧血症对患者预后的影响。方法前瞻性收集2021年6月1日至2022年8月31日西藏自治区人民医院行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术患者的临床资料,包括术前基本资料、手术及麻醉相关信息,主要结局指标为术中低氧血症。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析术中低氧血症的危险因素,并比较术中低氧血症与非术中低氧血症患者围术期预后指标差异。结果共入选符合纳入与排除标准的全身麻醉非心胸外科手术患者161例。其中发生术中低氧血症9例(5.6%),非术中低氧血症152例(94.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血氧饱和度≤85%(OR=4.604,95%CI:1.064~19.916,P=0.041)、术前血红蛋白≥170 g/L(OR=5.396,95%CI:1.163~25.035,P=0.031)、术前肺动脉压≥40 mm Hg(OR=11.744,95%CI:1.599~86.243,P=0.015)是西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术出现术中低氧血症的独立危险因素。术中低氧血症患者围术期心脏不良事件发生率较非术中低氧血症患者显著增加(55.6%比15.1%,P=0.002)。结论术前低血氧饱和度、高血红蛋白血症和肺动脉高压是西藏高海拔地区人群行全身麻醉非心胸外科手术术中低氧血症的危险因素,且术中低氧血症可能对患者预后造成不良影响。
